Icyo Tafenoquine ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Tafenoquine ni umuti wandikirwa na muganga uvura malariya kandi ufasha kuyirinda. Uyu muti mushya uha amahitamo akomeye yo kurinda malariya igihe uri mu ngendo mu turere turimo malariya cyangwa ukeneye kuvurwa indwara ya malariya yihariye.

Nk'igice cy'itsinda ry'imiti yitwa 8-aminoquinolines, tafenoquine ikora mu buryo butandukanye n'indi miti myinshi ya malariya. Igenzura mikorobe ku ntera nyinshi z'ubuzima bwayo, bituma ikora neza cyane mu kurinda no kuvura malariya.

Icyo Tafenoquine ari cyo?

Tafenoquine ni umuti uvura malariya urinda kandi uvura malariya iterwa na parasite ya Plasmodium. Ikomoka mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa 8-aminoquinolines, izwiho ubushobozi bwo gukuraho parasite ya malariya mu mubiri wawe rwose.

Uyu muti wemejwe na FDA mu 2018 kandi uhagarariye iterambere rikomeye mu kuvura malariya. Bitandukanye n'indi miti ya malariya ya kera, tafenoquine ishobora kugenzura parasite zihishe mu mwijima wawe, zirinda ibyorezo bya malariya bizaza.

Uyu muti uza mu buryo bw'ibinini byo kunywa kandi uboneka gusa ku cyemezo cya muganga. Muganga wawe azagena niba tafenoquine ikwiriye kuri wowe bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima.

Tafenoquine ikoreshwa mu iki?

Tafenoquine ifite impamvu ebyiri zikomeye mu kwita ku malariya: kurinda no kuvura. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira kugirango akurinde kurwara malariya cyangwa avure indwara irimo.

Mu kurinda, tafenoquine ikora nka prophylaxis ya malariya igihe uri mu ngendo mu turere malariya ikunze kuboneka. Bifitiye akamaro cyane ingendo ndende cyangwa igihe ukeneye kurindwa igihe kirekire umaze gutaha.

Uyu muti kandi ukoreshwa mu kuvura malariya ya Plasmodium vivax, ubwoko bwihariye bushobora gutera indwara zikomeza kugaruka. Dore igihe muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba tafenoquine:

• Gukumira malariya mu gihe cyo kujya mu turere twibasirwa na malariya
• Gukiza indwara ya malariya ya P. vivax yemejwe
• Gukumira kongera kurwara malariya biturutse ku bimeze nk'ibitotsi byo mu mwijima
• Uburyo bwo kwirinda nyuma yo gutembera nyuma yo kumara igihe kirekire

Umuvuzi wawe azatekereza ku ngendo zawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'ibibazo bya malariya byihariye aho ujya, igihe cyemeza niba tafenoquine ikwiriye kuri wowe.

Tafenoquine ikora ite?

Tafenoquine ifatwa nk'umuti ukomeye urwanya malariya ukora urwanya imbaraga za malariya mu byiciro bitandukanye by'ubuzima bwabo. Ikomeretsa ubushobozi bwa parasite bwo kubaho no kwororoka mu mubiri wawe.

Uyu muti ufite akamaro cyane kuko ushobora gukuraho hypnozoites, zikaba ari ubwoko bwa parasite ya malariya yihishe mu mwijima wawe. Izi parasite zisinzira zishobora kongera gukora nyuma y'ibyumweru cyangwa amezi, bigatuma indwara ya malariya yongera kugaruka.

Mugihe cyo kwibanda kuri parasite zikora kandi zisinzira, tafenoquine itanga uburinzi bwuzuye. Uyu muti uvangira imikorere ya selile ya parasite, amaherezo bigatuma zisenyuka kandi zikakumira gutera indwara.

Nkwiriye gufata tafenoquine nte?

Fata tafenoquine nk'uko umuganga wawe abitegeka, akenshi hamwe n'ibiryo kugirango ugabanye isesemi. Uyu muti ugomba gufatwa hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye cy'amazi mugihe cyangwa nyuma y'ifunguro.

Mugihe cyo gukumira malariya, mubisanzwe uzajya ufata imiti imwe buri cyumweru, utangira mu byumweru 1-2 mbere yo gutembera kandi ukomeza mu cyumweru kimwe nyuma yo kugaruka. Umuganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye ashingiye ku ngendo zawe.

Mugihe uvura malariya, gahunda yo gufata imiti irashobora kuba itandukanye kandi akenshi ikubiyemo gufata imiti buri munsi mu gihe gito. Hano hari amabwiriza y'ingenzi agomba gukurikizwa:

• Fata hamwe n'ibiryo cyangwa amata kugira ngo wongere imitsi kandi ugabanye isesemi
• Mimina ibinini byose hamwe n'amazi menshi
• Fata ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugira ngo ugumane urwego rumwe
• Ntugasya, utahe cyangwa ucagagure ibinini
• Komeza gufata n'iyo wumva umeze neza

Niba ugira ikibazo cyo kumira ibinini, ganira na muganga wawe ku bindi bisubizo. Ntukigere na rimwe uhindura urugero rwawe utabanje kugisha inama ya muganga, kuko ibyo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umuti.

Nzamara igihe kingana iki mfata Tafenoquine?

Igihe cyo kuvura na Tafenoquine giterwa niba ukoresha mu gukumira cyangwa mu kuvura. Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza asobanutse bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.

Mu gukumira malariya mu gihe cyo gutembera, ubusanzwe uzajya ufata Tafenoquine mu gihe cy'urugendo rwawe rwose hamwe n'igihe cyongerewe mbere na nyuma. Ibi ubusanzwe bisobanura gutangira mu byumweru 1-2 mbere yo kugenda no gukomeza mu cyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutaha.

Mu kuvura indwara ya malariya ikora, ubusanzwe inzira iba ngufi ariko ikaba ikaze. Igihe cyo kuvura gishobora kuva ku minsi mike kugeza ku byumweru byinshi, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa malariya n'uburyo umubiri wawe witwara ku muti.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata Tafenoquine mbere y'igihe, n'iyo wumva umeze neza rwose. Kuvurwa kutuzuye bishobora gutuma indwara zigaruka cyangwa umubiri ukanga imiti, bigatuma malariya yo mu gihe kizaza igorana kuvurwa.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Tafenoquine?

Kimwe n'indi miti yose, Tafenoquine ishobora gutera ingaruka, nubwo atari buri wese uzazibona. Ingaruka nyinshi ziba nto kandi zishobora kwitabwaho, ariko zimwe zirushaho kuba zikomeye.

Ingaruka zisanzwe abantu benshi bahura nazo zirimo isesemi, kuruka, no kutamererwa neza mu gifu. Ibi bibazo byo mu gifu akenshi birakosoka iyo ufata umuti hamwe n'ibiryo.

Dore ingaruka zigaragara cyane ushobora kubona:

• Uburwayi bwo kuruka no kuribwa
• Urubavu cyangwa kubabara mu nda
• Umutwe
• Urugero
• Kugira umunaniro cyangwa intege nke
• Kugorwa no gusinzira
• Kutagira ubushake bwo kurya

Ingaruka zikomeye zirashobora kubaho, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zishingiye ku bisekuruza. Izi zikubiyemo amaraso make akabije, ibimenyetso byo mu mutwe nk'umujinya cyangwa agahinda gakabije, no guhinduka kw'umutima.

Ingaruka zidakunze kubaho ariko zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse zirimo allergie zikomeye, kuruka bidahagarara, umunaniro udasanzwe, umuhondo w'uruhu cyangwa amaso, no guhinduka kw'imitekerereze. Vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso bibangamiye.

Ninde utagomba gufata Tafenoquine?

Tafenoquine ntirigukundira buri wese, kandi abantu bamwe na bamwe bagomba kwirinda uyu muti rwose. Muganga wawe azagusuzuma indwara zihariye mbere yo kugutangira tafenoquine.

Abantu bafite G6PD deficiency, indwara y'ibisekuruza igira ingaruka ku ntungamubiri zitukura, ntibagomba na rimwe gufata tafenoquine. Uyu muti ushobora gutera amaraso make akabije ku bantu bafite iyi ndwara, bishobora gutera urupfu.

Mbere yo gutangira tafenoquine, muganga wawe ashobora gutuma ukorerwa isuzuma ry'amaraso kugirango arebe niba ufite G6PD deficiency. Aha hari izindi mimerere aho tafenoquine idashobora gukwira:

• G6PD deficiency izwi
• Indwara zikomeye z'impyiko cyangwa umwijima
• Amateka y'indwara zo mu mutwe
• Gusama cyangwa konsa
• Ibice bimwe na bimwe by'imikorere y'umutima
• Allergie zikomeye ku miti isa

Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi kandi ashobora gutuma ukorerwa ibindi bizami kugirango yemeze ko tafenoquine ikugirira neza. Buri gihe bwire umuganga wawe ibijyanye n'imiti yose urimo gufata n'indwara zose ufite.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Tafenoquine

Tafenoquine iboneka ku izina rya Arakoda yo gukumira malariya na Krintafel yo kuvura malariya. Byombi bikubiyemo umuti umwe ukora ariko bishobora kugira uburyo butandukanye bwo gufata imiti.

Arakoda yemerejwe by'umwihariko gukumira malariya mu bantu bakuru bajya mu turere malariya ikunze kuboneka. Krintafel ikoreshwa hamwe n'indi miti ivura malariya yo kuvura malariya ya P. vivax.

Muganga wawe azakwandikira izina rikwiye rishingiye niba ukeneye gukumira cyangwa kuvurwa. Uburyo bwombi busaba uruhushya kandi bugomba gukoreshwa gusa hagamijwe kugenzurwa na muganga.

Izindi miti isimbura Tafenoquine

Hariho indi miti myinshi ivura malariya iboneka niba tafenoquine itagukwiriye. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba izindi miti zishingiye ku byo ukeneye byihariye n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima.

Izindi miti isanzwe ikoreshwa mu gukumira malariya harimo atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone), doxycycline, na mefloquine. Buri imwe ifite inyungu zitandukanye n'ingaruka zayo.

Mu kuvura malariya, izindi miti zishobora kuba chloroquine, imiti ivura malariya ishingiye kuri artemisinin, cyangwa primaquine. Guhitamo biterwa n'ubwoko bwa malariya, aho uherereye, n'uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara bwaho.

Umuvuzi wawe azatekereza ibintu nkaho ujya, igihe cy'urugendo, amateka y'ubuzima, n'indi miti mugihe ahitamo umuti mwiza wa malariya kuri wewe.

Ese Tafenoquine iruta Primaquine?

Tafenoquine na primaquine byombi ni imiti ivura malariya ya 8-aminoquinoline, ariko tafenoquine itanga inyungu zimwe ugereranije na primaquine. Inyungu nyamukuru ni uko tafenoquine isaba doze nkeya kubera ingaruka zayo zirambye mu mubiri wawe.

Mugihe primaquine isaba doze ya buri munsi mu gihe cy'iminsi 14, tafenoquine akenshi ishobora gutangwa nkadoze imwe cyangwa igihe gito. Ibi bituma byoroha kurangiza kuvurwa kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kwibagirwa doze.

Imiti yombi ifite ibyago bisa, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwa G6PD. Ariko, imiti ya tafenoquine imara igihe kirekire mu mubiri, ibyo bishobora kuba inyungu n'ikibazo.

Muganga wawe azatekereza ku miterere yawe, harimo ubushobozi bwawe bwo gufata imiti ya buri munsi n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga, mugihe ahitamo hagati y'izi mpuzanzira.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Tafenoquine

Ese Tafenoquine irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye indwara z'umutima?

Tafenoquine ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima ku bantu bamwe, bityo bisaba kubitekerezaho neza niba urwaye indwara y'umutima. Muganga wawe azasuzuma uko umutima wawe umeze kandi ashobora gutuma ukora ibindi bizami mbere yo kugutera uyu muti.

Niba ufite amateka y'ibibazo by'umutima, umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba imiti ivura malariya. Buri gihe ganira n'umuganga wawe ku mateka yose y'umutima wawe mbere yo gutangira gufata tafenoquine.

Nigira nte niba mfata tafenoquine nyinshi mu buryo butunganye?

Niba ufata tafenoquine nyinshi mu buryo butunganye, vugana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe gufasha abantu bahuye n'uburozi ako kanya. Gufata nyinshi kuruta uko byategetswe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane niba ufite ubumuga bwa G6PD.

Ntugerageze kwivura uburozi wenyine. Shakisha ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bw'umwuga ako kanya, n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Zana icupa ry'umuti kugira ngo ufashe abaganga gusobanukirwa icyo wafashe n'ingano yacyo.

Nigira nte niba nsubiza doze ya tafenoquine?

Niba usubije doze ya tafenoquine, yifate ako kanya wibuka, keretse igihe cyo gufata doze yawe ikurikira kigeze. Ntukafate doze ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo usubize doze yasubijwe.

Mugukingira, niba usubije doze ya buri cyumweru, yifate vuba bishoboka hanyuma ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe. Vugana n'umuganga wawe niba wasubije doze nyinshi, kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kurengera kwawe malariya.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata tafenoquine?

Reka gukoresha tafenoquine gusa igihe muganga wawe abikubwiye, n'iyo wumva umeze neza rwose. Guhagarika kare bishobora gutuma imiti itagira icyo igeraho cyangwa indwara ya malariya yisubiramo.

Mugukingira, uzakenera gukomeza gufata tafenoquine mu gihe cyose cyategetswe, harimo no nyuma yo kuva mu rugendo. Mugukiza, urangize urugendo rwose nkuko byategetswe kugirango wemeze ko parasite zose zivanyweho.

Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkanwa tafenoquine?

Nibyiza kugabanya kunywa inzoga mugihe ukoresha tafenoquine, kuko byombi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwijima wawe kandi bikongera ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti. Inzoga irashobora kandi gutuma ingaruka zo mu gifu zirushaho kuba mbi nka isesemi no kuribwa mu nda.

Niba uhisemo kunywa, bikore mu rugero ruto kandi witondere uko wumva. Ganira na muganga wawe kubyerekeye gukoresha inzoga, cyane cyane niba ufite ibibazo byumwijima cyangwa ufata izindi miti.