Icyo Tolcapone ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo gufata, ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Tolcapone ni umuti wandikirwa na muganga ufasha abantu barwaye indwara ya Parkinson kugenzura ibimenyetso byabo neza. Ikora hamwe n'indi miti ya Parkinson kugira ngo igabanye ibihe byo "gushira" iyo ibimenyetso bisubira hagati y'imiti. Uyu muti ubarirwa mu cyiciro cyitwa COMT inhibitors, ifasha umubiri wawe gukoresha dopamine neza.

Tolcapone ni iki?

Tolcapone ni umuti wihariye wagenewe gufasha abantu babana n'indwara ya Parkinson. Ntabwo ari uburyo bwo kwivuza bwonyine ahubwo ni inyongera ifasha mu buryo bwo gufata imiti yawe isanzwe.

Uyu muti ukora ubuza enzyme yitwa COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) isenya dopamine mu bwonko bwawe. Mu kugabanya iki gikorwa cyo gusenyuka, tolcapone ifasha gukomeza urwego rwa dopamine rurangwa umunsi wose. Tekereza nk'ifasha ubwonko bwawe gufata dopamine ikenewe kugira ngo imigendekere yoroshye kandi ibimenyetso bigenzurwe neza.

Tolcapone ifatwa nk'uburyo bwo kuvura bwa kabiri, bivuze ko abaganga basanzwe bagerageza izindi nzira mbere na mbere. Ubu buryo burahari kuko tolcapone isaba gukurikiranwa neza kubera ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'umwijima, tuzabivugaho birambuye nyuma.

Tolcapone ikoreshwa mu iki?

Tolcapone yandikirwa by'umwihariko abantu barwaye indwara ya Parkinson bahura n'imihindagurikire y'imikorere. Iyi mihindagurikire ibaho iyo imiti yawe isanzwe ya Parkinson itangiye gushira mbere yuko ufata urundi rugero.

Ushobora kubona ibimenyetso byawe bisubira cyangwa bikiyongera muri ibi bihe byo "gushira". Ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo guhinda umushyitsi, umubiri uguma, kugenda gahoro, cyangwa kugorana kw'uburinganire. Abantu bamwe bavuga ko bumva nk'imiti yabo ihagarara gukora, ikabasiga bumva barimo guhagarara cyangwa gufungirwa.

Muganga wawe azatekereza tolcapone niba umaze gufata carbidopa-levodopa ariko ugihura n'ibi bihe by'ingorane. Intego ni ukongera igihe cyo "kuba mu murongo" iyo wumva umeze neza kandi ukagabanya ibyo bihe bigoye iyo ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Tolcapone ikora ite?

Tolcapone ifatwa nk'umuti ukomeye mu rugero ruciriritse ukora urinda dopamine ubwonko bwawe bukenera. Ikomereza enzyme ya COMT, isanzwe isenya dopamine n'imiti ifitanye isano mu bwonko bwawe no mu mubiri wawe.

Iyo ufata levodopa (ikintu cy'ingenzi mu miti myinshi ya Parkinson), umubiri wawe urayihindura ikaba dopamine. Ariko, enzyme ya COMT yihutisha gusenya dopamine nyinshi mbere yuko ifasha ibimenyetso byawe. Tolcapone irinjira kugirango itinde ubu buryo bwo gusenyuka, ikemerera dopamine nyinshi kuguma iboneka igihe kirekire.

Ubu buryo bufasha kunoza ibyiyumvo byo kugenzura ibimenyetso byawe umunsi wose. Aho guhura n'imihindagurikire ikabije hagati yo kumva umeze neza no kumva ufite ibimenyetso, tolcapone ifasha gukora ubufasha buhoraho. Uyu muti ubusanzwe utangira gukora mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru byo gutangira kuvurwa.

Nkwiriye gufata tolcapone nte?

Tolcapone igomba gufatwa uko muganga wawe abyemeza, ubusanzwe inshuro eshatu ku munsi hamwe n'imiti yawe ya carbidopa-levodopa. Urashobora kuyifata ufite cyangwa udafite ibiryo, nubwo abantu bamwe basanga kuyifata hamwe n'akantu gato bifasha kwirinda kuribwa mu gifu.

Uyu muti uza mu buryo bw'ibinini kandi ugomba kumirwa byose n'amazi. Ntukoreshe, ntukore, cyangwa ntukoreshe ibinini, kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo uyu muti winjizwa. Niba ugira ikibazo cyo kumira ibinini, ganira na muganga wawe kubyerekeye izindi nzira.

Fata imiti yawe mu gihe gihwanye mu gihe cy'umunsi, akenshi buri masaha 6 kugeza kuri 8. Iki gihe gihwanye gifasha kugumana urwego rwa medicament mu mubiri wawe. Gushyiraho alarme kuri telefone cyangwa gukoresha umuteguro w'imiti birashobora kugufasha kwibuka imiti yawe.

Ntabwo ukeneye gufata tolcapone hamwe n'amata cyangwa ibiryo byihariye. Ariko, kugumana amasaha y'ibiryo ya buri gihe birashobora kugufasha kwibuka gufata imiti yawe kandi birashobora kugabanya amahirwe yo kuribwa mu gifu.

Nzagomba Kumara Igihe Kingana Iki Ndafat Tolcapone?

Tolcapone ni uburyo bwo kuvura bwa igihe kirekire ukoresha igihe cyose bifasha ibimenyetso bya Parkinson kandi ntibitera ingaruka ziteye impungenge. Abantu benshi bafashwa na tolcapone bayifata amezi cyangwa imyaka nk'igice cy'imicungire ya Parkinson ikomeje.

Muganga wawe azashaka kukubona buri gihe, cyane cyane mu mezi make ya mbere yo kuvurwa. Ibi bisuzuma birimo ibizamini by'amaraso kugirango bagenzure imikorere y'umwijima wawe, ibyo bikaba ari ngombwa kugirango ukoreshe neza igihe kirekire. Niba ibizamini by'umwijima wawe bikomeza kuba bisanzwe kandi ukaba ufite imikorere myiza y'ibimenyetso, urashobora gukomeza gufata umuti igihe cyose.

Ariko, muganga wawe ashobora guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvura niba ugize ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti, niba ibizamini by'umwijima wawe bitaba bisanzwe, cyangwa niba umuti utagikora neza. Abantu bamwe basanga ibyo bakeneye bihinduka uko igihe kigenda gishira uko Parkinson ikomeza, bisaba uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha imiti.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata tolcapone ako kanya utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe. Guhagarika ako kanya birashobora gutera guhagarara kw'ibimenyetso bya Parkinson yawe ndetse n'ibibazo bikomeye.

Ni Izihe Ngaruka Ziterwa na Tolcapone?

Kimwe n'imiti yose, tolcapone irashobora gutera ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti, nubwo atari buri wese uzibona. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo gusobanukirwa ni uko nubwo ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti zishobora kubaho, abantu benshi bafata neza tolcapone iyo igenzurwa neza.

Ibi ni bimwe mu ngaruka zisanzwe zishobora kukugeraho igihe umubiri wawe ukimenyera tolcapone:

• Kuruka no kuribwa mu nda
• Impiswi cyangwa kwituma bireremye
• Kuzamuka kw'imivuduko idashakashaka (dyskinesia)
• Kuribwa umutwe cyangwa kumva urushye
• Ibibazo byo gusinzira cyangwa kurota inzozi zigaragara
• Urujyo rw'umuhondo (ntacyo rutwaye ariko ni ibisanzwe)
• Kuribwa umutwe
• Kugira umunaniro cyangwa kumva urushye

Izi ngaruka zisanzwe akenshi zigenda zikemuka uko umubiri wawe umenyera umuti. Niba zikomeje cyangwa zikaba zikubangamiye, muganga wawe ashobora guhindura urugero rw'umuti cyangwa akagusaba uburyo bwo kuzicunga.

Hariho kandi n'izindi ngaruka zitajya zibaho ariko zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga. Izi ngaruka zitajya zibaho ariko zikomeye zirimo:

• Ibibazo by'umwijima (ibimenyetso birimo umuhondo w'uruhu cyangwa amaso, urujyo rwijimye, umunaniro ukabije, cyangwa kuribwa mu nda)
• Gutangira gusinzira mu buryo butunguranye nta kuburira
• Kugira ibitekerezo bidafututse cyangwa kuvurungana
• Impiswi ikabije itagira icyo ikora
• Gukomera kw'imitsi hamwe n'umuriro
• Guhinduka kw'umuvuduko w'umutima

Ubugenzuzi bw'umwijima busabwa hamwe na tolcapone buriho kugira ngo bufate ibibazo byose by'umwijima hakiri kare, mbere y'uko biba bikomeye. Iyi ni yo mpamvu ibizamini by'amaraso bisanzwe ari ngombwa mugihe cy'imiti.

Ninde utagomba gufata Tolcapone?

Tolcapone ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kuyandika. Hariho ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi aho tolcapone igomba kwirindwa cyangwa gukoreshwa witonze cyane.

Abantu barwaye indwara y'umwijima cyangwa bafite amateka y'ibibazo by'umwijima ntibagomba gufata tolcapone. Ibi birimo abafite hepatite, cirrose, cyangwa enzymes z'umwijima zizamutse zituruka ku mpamvu iyo ari yo yose. Uyu muti ushobora gushyira mu kaga imikorere y'umwijima, bituma idakwiriye abantu bafite ibibazo by'umwijima.

Ugomba kandi kwirinda tolcapone niba warigeze kugira allergie yayo cyangwa niba ufata imiti imwe n'imwe ivanga n'iyo. Inzitizi za MAO, ubwoko bwa antidepressant, zishobora gutera imivangire ikomeye na tolcapone.

Ibitekerezo byongereweho bishobora kugira ingaruka niba tolcapone ikwiriye kuri wowe birimo:

• Indwara ikomeye y'impyiko
• Amateka ya rhabdomyolysis (gusenya imitsi)
• Gukoresha inzoga cyane
• Gusama cyangwa konsa
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima
• Amateka ya neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Muganga wawe azatekereza ibi bintu neza kandi ashobora kugusaba izindi miti niba tolcapone itakwiriye imiterere yawe yihariye.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Tolcapone

Tolcapone iboneka munsi y'izina ry'ubwoko bwa Tasmar mu bihugu byinshi, harimo n'Amerika. Iyi ni yo miti ya tolcapone ikoreshwa cyane uzahura nayo muri farumasi.

Ubundi bwoko bwa tolcapone bushobora kuboneka, bitewe n'aho uherereye n'ubwishingizi bwawe. Imiti rusange ikubiyemo ibintu bikora kimwe kandi ikora neza nk'ubwoko bw'amazina, akenshi ku giciro gito.

Buri gihe jya ureba umufarumasiti wawe niba ufite ibibazo kubyerekeye ubwoko urimo guhabwa. Niba ubonye Tasmar y'izina ry'ubwoko cyangwa tolcapone rusange, imikorere y'umuti n'umutekano biraguma kimwe.

Izindi miti isimbura Tolcapone

Niba tolcapone itakwiriye kuri wowe cyangwa itatanga uburyo bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso bihagije, imiti myinshi isimbura irashobora gufasha gucunga impinduka za moteri ya Parkinson. Muganga wawe ashobora kuganira kuri izi nzira zishingiye ku byo ukeneye n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi.

Entacapone ni indi nzitizi ya COMT ikora kimwe na tolcapone ariko ntisaba gukurikiranwa kw'umwijima. Akenshi ifatwa mbere kubera umutekano wayo mwiza, nubwo bishobora kuba ngombwa ko ifatwa kenshi umunsi wose.

Izindi nzira zo gukoresha mu gucunga impinduka z'imikorere y'imitsi zirimo:

• Abashyigikira dopamine (nka pramipexole cyangwa ropinirole)
• Abashyigikira MAO-B (nka selegiline cyangwa rasagiline)
• Amantadine yo gucunga dyskinesia
• Uburyo bwo gukoresha carbidopa-levodopa bwa kinyamwuga
• Inshinge za Apomorphine zo mu bihe bikomeye byo kutagira imikorere

Muganga wawe azatekereza ibintu nk'uburyo bwawe bw'ibimenyetso, imiti yindi urimo gufata, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange mu gihe agena izindi nzira. Rimwe na rimwe guhuza imiti itandukanye bikora neza kurusha uburyo bumwe.

Ese Tolcapone iruta Entacapone?

Zombi tolcapone na entacapone ni abashyigikira COMT bashobora gucunga neza impinduka z'imikorere y'imitsi ya Parkinson, ariko bafite itandukaniro rikomeye rituma buri imwe ikwiriye mu bihe bitandukanye.

Tolcapone muri rusange ifatwa nk'ikomeye kandi imara igihe kirekire kurusha entacapone. Ifatwa gatatu ku munsi ugereranije n'uko entacapone isaba gupimwa hamwe na buri doze ya carbidopa-levodopa. Ubushakashatsi bumwe buvuga ko tolcapone ishobora gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso ku bantu bafite impinduka zikomeye z'imikorere y'imitsi.

Ariko, entacapone ifite akarusho gakomeye mu mutekano kuko idasaba gukurikiranwa kw'umwijima. Ibi bituma ariyo nzira ya mbere ikundwa na ba muganga benshi n'abarwayi. Entacapone akenshi igeragezwa mbere, kandi tolcapone ikoreshwa ku bantu batabona ubufasha buhagije muri entacapone.

Gu hitamo hagati y'iyi miti biterwa n'ibihe byawe bwite, ubukana bw'ibimenyetso, n'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibikenewe byo gukurikirana. Muganga wawe azagufasha gupima inyungu n'ibibazo bya buri nzira hashingiwe ku byo ukeneye byihariye.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Tolcapone

Ese Tolcapone irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye indwara z'umutima?

Tolcapone irashobora gukoreshwa n'abantu barwaye indwara z'umutima, ariko bisaba gukurikiranwa neza no gusuzuma uko umutima wawe umeze. Uyu muti rimwe na rimwe ushobora gutera impinduka mu mutima cyangwa umuvuduko w'amaraso, bityo muganga wawe azasuzuma ubuzima bw'umutima wawe mbere yo kuwugushiraho.

Niba urwaye indwara y'umutima, muganga wawe ashobora kugutangiza urugero ruto hanyuma akagukurikirana cyane mu byumweru bya mbere byo kuvurwa. Bazakorana kandi n'umuganga w'umutima wawe kugira ngo barebe ko tolcapone itazabangamira imiti y'umutima wawe cyangwa ngo iteze imbere ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nanyweye tolcapone nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba unyweye tolcapone nyinshi bitunguranye, vugana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura uburozi ako kanya, kabone n'iyo utiyumva neza. Kunywa nyinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti, cyane cyane isesemi, kuruka, no kwiyongera kw'imitsi idashaka gukora.

Ntugerageze kwivuruguta keretse niba ubisabwe n'abashinzwe ubuzima. Bika amakuru y'umuti wanyoye wiyongereye n'igihe wanyweye, kuko aya makuru azagufasha abaganga kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo gukora. Gusa, abantu banywa tolcapone nyinshi bashobora gufashwa no kwitabwaho, ariko gusuzumwa n'abaganga ni ingenzi.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nciwe urugero rwa tolcapone?

Niba waciwe urugero rwa tolcapone, unywe ako kanya wibuka, keretse igihe cyo kunywa urugero rukurikira kigeze. Muri icyo gihe, reka urugero waciwe hanyuma ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe yo kunywa imiti.

Ntunyweho urugero rurenze rumwe icyarimwe kugira ngo usimbure urugero waciwe, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti. Niba ukunda kwibagirwa kunywa imiti, tekereza gukoresha agasanduku k'imiti cyangwa gushyiraho ibyibutso kuri terefone yawe kugira ngo bigufashe gukomeza igihe cyo kunywa imiti.

Nshobora kureka kunywa tolcapone ryari?

Ugomba guhagarika gufata tolcapone ari uko ubisabwe na muganga wawe. Icyemezo cyo guhagarika akenshi gishingira ku bintu bitandukanye, harimo uburyo umuti urimo kugufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso, niba urimo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti, n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'imikorere y'umwijima wawe.

Muganga wawe akenshi azagabanya urugero rwawe buhoro buhoro aho guhagarika ako kanya. Ubu buryo bufasha kwirinda gusubira vuba kw'ibimenyetso bikomeye bya Parkinson kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kugira ibibazo. Uburyo bwo kugabanya urugero akenshi bufata iminsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru, bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkanwa tolcapone?

Ni byiza kwirinda inzoga nkanwa tolcapone, cyane cyane mu mezi make ya mbere yo kuvurwa. Inzoga irashobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo by'umwijima, ibyo bikaba bisanzwe bibangamiye kuri tolcapone. Byongeye kandi, inzoga irashobora gutuma ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zirushaho kuba mbi nk'izunguruka no gusinzira.

Niba uhisemo kunywa rimwe na rimwe, wikwiriza ugereranije kandi ubiganireho na muganga wawe mbere. Bashobora gushaka gukurikirana imikorere y'umwijima wawe neza niba unywa inzoga buri gihe. Ntukoreshe inzoga nk'uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibimenyetso bya Parkinson, kuko bishobora gutuma ubuzima bwawe burushaho kuba bubi uko iminsi igenda.