Icyo Tuberculin (inzira yo mu ruhu) ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwa dose, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Tuberculin ni umuti w'amaproteyine asukuye ukoreshwa mu kugenzura niba umubiri wawe warahuye na mikorobe ya tuberculosis (TB). Iyi igeragezwa ryoroshye ryo ku ruhu, ryitwa kandi igeragezwa ryo ku ruhu rya TB cyangwa TST, rifasha abaganga kumenya niba warahuye na mikorobe ya TB, kabone niyo utagira ibimenyetso.

Iri geragezwa rikora binyuze mu guterwa umuti muto wa poroteyine ya tuberculin munsi y'uruhu rwawe. Niba warahuye na TB, urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa ruzamenya iyi poroteyine kandi ruzakora igikorwa ahantu baterwa umuti. Iki gikorwa kigaragara nk'akantu kazamutse, gakomeye umuganga wawe azapima nyuma y'iminsi mike.

Tuberculin ikoreshwa mu iki?

Tuberculin ikora nk'igikoresho cyo kumenya no gushakisha abantu bahuye na TB bashobora kuba bafite ibyago. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba iri geragezwa niba warabanye n'umuntu ufite TB ikora, ukora mu buvuzi, cyangwa ukomoka ahantu TB isanzwe.

Iri geragezwa rifite agaciro gakomeye kuko TB ishobora kuguma yihishe mu mubiri wawe imyaka myinshi itagize ibimenyetso. Ubu bwoko bwo gusinzira, bwitwa TB yihishe, ntibugutera kurwara ariko bushobora gukanguka nyuma maze bugahinduka indwara ya TB ikora. Kubona TB yihishe hakiri kare bituma habaho kuvurwa bituma itahinduka ikora.

Abaganga kandi bakoresha igeragezwa rya tuberculin mu gupima buri gihe mu mirimo imwe n'imwe, mbere yo gutangira imiti ituma urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rugabanuka, cyangwa nk'igice cyo gupima ubuzima mu bijyanye n'abimukira. Iri geragezwa rifasha gukora ishusho yuzuye y'amateka yawe yo guhura na TB.

Tuberculin ikora ite?

Tuberculin ikora iteza urwibutso rw'umubiri wawe rw'imikorobe ya TB. Iyo poroteyine ya tuberculin iterwa munsi y'uruhu rwawe, zikora nk'urwibutso rworoshye ku rwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwose bwo guhura na TB.

Niba bagiteri za TB zigeze mu mubiri wawe, urwego rwawe rw’ubwirinzi rwaremye uturemangingo twihariye two kuzibuka. Utwo turemangingo twibuka tuzi poroteyine za tuberculin maze twohereza utundi turemangingo tw’ubwirinzi ahaterwa urushinge. Ibi bitera umuvumo ugaragara nk'akabyimba gakomeye ku ruhu rwawe.

Ubunini bw'ako kabyimba bubwira muganga wawe uko wahuye na TB. Igisubizo kinini cyerekana ko urwego rwawe rw’ubwirinzi rwahuye na bagiteri za TB mbere, naho igisubizo gito cyangwa kidahari bikunze kuvuga ko utahuye na byo. Ibi si ikizamini gikomeye cyangwa gishaririye - gikoresha gusa urwibutso rusanzwe rw’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri wawe.

Nkwiriye Gufata Tuberculin Nte?

Ntabwo ufata tuberculin nk'umuti usanzwe. Ahubwo, umuganga watojwe abiterwa mu ruhu rwawe ku kuboko akoresheje urushinge ruto cyane.

Iterwa ry’urushinge rikorwa vuba kandi ryumvikana nk'agahinda gato. Umuganga wawe azabanza asukure ahaterwa urushinge akoresheje alukolo, hanyuma atere neza 0.1 mL ya tuberculin mu gice cyo hejuru cy’uruhu rwawe. Ibi bitera akabyimba gato, gasa nk'aho umubu yakumye.

Ntabwo ukeneye kwitegura iki kizamini wiyiriza cyangwa wirinda ibiryo bimwe na bimwe. Ariko, menyesha umuganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata, cyane cyane iyo igira ingaruka ku rwego rwawe rw’ubwirinzi. Nyuma yo guterwa urushinge, urashobora kurya uko bisanzwe kandi ugakomeza ibikorwa byawe bisanzwe.

Igice cy'ingenzi kibaho nyuma yo guterwa urushinge. Ugomba gusubira kwa muganga wawe mu gihe cy’amasaha 48 kugeza kuri 72 kugira ngo ashobore gusoma ibisubizo binyuze mu gupima igisubizo icyo aricyo cyose ahaterwa urushinge.

Mbwiriza Gufata Tuberculin Igihe Kingana Gite?

Tuberculin itangwa nk'urushinge rumwe, ntabwo ari nk'ubuvuzi buriho. Uhabwa urugero rumwe, hanyuma ugasubira gusuzumwa ibisubizo mu minsi 2 kugeza kuri 3.

Igihe cyo gukora igerageza ni uko: guterwa urushinge ku munsi wa mbere, hanyuma ugahura n'abaganga nyuma y'amasaha 48 kugeza kuri 72. Muganga wawe azapima uko umubiri wawe witwara muri icyo gihe kuko imikorere y'umubiri yiyongera cyane muri icyo gihe.

Abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera kongera gukorerwa igerageza mu bihe runaka. Niba utangiye akazi mu buvuzi cyangwa ufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukorerwa igerageza ry'uruhu rwa TB buri gihe. Ariko, igerageza ryose rigizwe no guterwa urushinge rumwe rugakurikirwa no gusuzuma.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa no gukoresha tuberculin?

Abantu benshi bahura n'ibibazo bito gusa bitewe no gukoresha tuberculin. Aho urushinge rwaterwa rushobora kumva rubabaza gato, nk'uko bimeze ku zindi nshinge zisanzwe, kandi ubu bubabare busanzwe bugenda bucika mu munsi umwe.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe abantu benshi bahura nabyo birimo:

• Urubabare ruto cyangwa kumva ububabare aho urushinge rwaterwa
• Umutuku muto uzenguruka ahaterwa urushinge
• Agahinda gato, gakomeye gashobora kuruma gato
• Ukubyimba guto kumva gushyushye ku gukora

Ibi bimenyetso ni kimwe mu buryo igerageza rikora kandi bifasha muganga wawe kumenya ibisubizo byawe.

Ibimenyetso bikomeye ntibisanzwe ariko bishobora kubaho. Ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba uhuye no kubyimba bikomeye bikwira hanze yaho urushinge rwaterwa, ububabare bukomeye butagabanuka n'imiti igurishwa idakeneye urupapuro rwa muganga, cyangwa ibimenyetso byose byo kwandura nka ruhurura cyangwa imitsi itukura.

Mu buryo butajegajega, abantu bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo by'uburwayi bwo mu mubiri bitewe na tuberculin. Ibimenyetso birimo guhumeka nabi, amabara yose ku mubiri, cyangwa kubyimba mu maso, iminwa, cyangwa umuhogo. Niba uhuye n'ibi bimenyetzo, genda kwa muganga ako kanya.

Abantu barwaye indwara ya TB mbere cyangwa barahuye nayo inshuro nyinshi bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye. Ibi bishobora kwerekanwa no kubyimba cyane, gushishuka, cyangwa gushishuka ahaterwa urushinge. Nubwo bitari byiza, ibi bimenyetso bitanga amakuru akomeye ku mateka yawe yo guhura na TB.

Ninde Utagomba Gukoresha Tuberculin?

Ibizamini bya Tuberculin ntibikwiriye kuri buri wese. Muganga wawe azareba amateka yawe y'ubuzima kugira ngo amenye niba ikizamini gitekanye kandi gifitiye akamaro.

Ugomba kwirinda gukoresha ikizamini cya tuberculin niba waragize ibibazo bikomeye ku kizamini cy'uruhu cya TB cyabanje. Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zo ku ruhu ahaterwa urushinge, nka eczema cyangwa gutwika, bashobora gukenera gutegereza kugeza igihe uruhu rwabo rukize mbere yo gukora ikizamini.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gutinda ikizamini niba umaze guhabwa inkingo zimwe na zimwe. Inkingo zifite ubuzima nk'umugera, amashyenga, rubella, cyangwa chickenpox birashobora guhindura by'agateganyo uburyo umubiri wawe urwanya indwara ukoresha tuberculin. Gutegereza ibyumweru 4 kugeza kuri 6 nyuma y'izo nkingo bituma haboneka ibisubizo by'ukuri.

Abantu bafite imikorere y'umubiri irwanya indwara yacitse intege cyane ntibashobora gusubiza neza kuri tuberculin, kabone niyo baba barahuye na TB. Ibi birimo abantu bafite virusi itera SIDA (HIV), abakira imiti ivura kanseri, cyangwa abantu bafata imiti ya steroid mu doze nyinshi. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima TB muri ibyo bihe.

Abagore batwite barashobora gukoresha ikizamini cya tuberculin mu buryo butekanye. Ikizamini ntigihungabanya umwana ukura, kandi guhura na TB mugihe cyo gutwita bisaba gukurikiranwa neza no kuvurwa bishoboka kugirango barengere umubyeyi n'umwana.

Amazina y'Ubwoko bwa Tuberculin

Tuberculin iboneka munsi y'amazina atandukanye y'ubwoko, aho Tubersol ikoreshwa cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Iki gikoresho cy'ibinyabuzima byasukuwe (PPD) kirimo proteyine zimwe za tuberculin zikora nubwo izina ry'ubwoko ryaba ritandukanye.

Andi mazina y'ubwoko arimo Aplisol, nubwo kuboneka bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'akarere n'ikigo cy'ubuzima. Muganga wawe azakoresha igicuruzwa cya tuberculin cyemewe na FDA kiboneka mu ivuriro rye cyangwa mu bitaro.

Ibicuruzwa byose byemewe bya tuberculin bikora kimwe kandi bitanga ibisubizo byizewe. Guhitamo ubwoko biterwa ahanini n'ibigo by'ubuzima byawe bifite aho gukoresha aho kuba icyifuzo cy'ubuvuzi.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Tuberculin

Nubwo gupima uruhu rwa tuberculin bikoreshwa cyane, ibizamini bishya byo mu maraso byitwa interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) bitanga ubundi buryo bwo gupima TB. Ibi bizamini, birimo QuantiFERON-Gold, bisaba gusa gufata amaraso rimwe kandi ntibisaba gusubira.

Ibizamini byo mu maraso bishobora gufasha cyane abantu bahawe urukingo rwa BCG, rushobora gutera ibisubizo byiza by'ibinyoma ku bizamini by'uruhu. IGRAs zifitiye akamaro kandi abantu bagorwa no gusubira gusuzumisha ibisubizo cyangwa abafite indwara z'uruhu zituma gusoma ibisubizo bya tuberculin bigorana.

Imirasire ya X yo mu gituza yuzuzanya n'ibizamini by'uruhu n'ibizamini byo mu maraso mu gushaka ibimenyetso bya TB ikora mu muhaha wawe. Ariko, imirasire ya X yonyine ntishobora kumenya indwara ya TB yihishe, niyo mpamvu gupima tuberculin cyangwa ibizamini byo mu maraso bikomeza kuba ibikoresho byingenzi byo gupima.

Umuvuzi wawe azagusaba uburyo bwiza bwo gupima bushingiye ku miterere yawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga ko guhura na TB.

Ese Tuberculin iruta QuantiFERON-Gold?

Ibizamini byombi by'uruhu rwa tuberculin n'ibizamini byo mu maraso bya QuantiFERON-Gold bikora neza mu kumenya guhura na TB, ariko buri kimwe gifite inyungu zidasanzwe bitewe n'imimerere yawe.

Gupima tuberculin bihendutse kandi biboneka mu bigo byinshi by'ubuvuzi ku isi hose. Bifite imyaka myinshi y'ubushakashatsi bushyigikira imikoreshereze yabyo kandi bitanga ibisubizo byizewe ku bantu benshi. Ariko, bisaba gusura kabiri kandi bishobora kugirwaho ingaruka n'urukingo rwa BCG rwakozwe mbere.

QuantiFERON-Gold isaba gusura rimwe gusa kandi ntigirwaho ingaruka n'urukingo rwa BCG, bituma iba nziza ku bantu bavukiye mu bihugu aho BCG itangwa buri gihe. Ikizamini cyo mu maraso gikora neza kandi ku bantu bafite indwara z'uruhu cyangwa abagira ingorane zo gusubira mu gihe cyo gukurikiranwa.

Nta na rimwe muri izo igerageza riruta irindi. Muganga wawe azareba amateka yawe yo gukingirwa, ubushobozi bwo kugaruka kugira ngo ukurikiranwe, n'ibindi bintu mugihe ahitamo igerageza rikugirira akamaro.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa ku bijyanye na Tuberculin

Ese Tuberculin iratekanye ku bantu barwaye diyabete?

Yego, igerageza rya tuberculin muri rusange rifitiye umutekano abantu barwaye diyabete. Urukingo ruto ntirugira ingaruka zigaragara ku isukari yo mu maraso, kandi diyabete ntigira icyo itwara ku buryo igerageza rikora neza.

Ariko, abantu barwaye diyabete bashobora gukira gahoro ahantu bakingirwa. Guma ahantu hasukuye kandi humye, kandi urebe ibimenyetso byose byo kwandura. Niba ubonye umutuku udasanzwe, ubushyuhe, cyangwa amazi ava ahantu, vugana na muganga wawe vuba.

Nigira iki niba nshoboye gutera amazi ahantu nakingiriwe?

Kugira amazi ahantu bakingiriwe ntizangiza ibisubizo byawe by'igerageza. Urashobora kwiyuhagira, gukaraba intoki, no gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe nyuma yo kwakira tuberculin.

Ariko, irinda gukora cyangwa gushyushya ahantu bakingiriwe. Humisha neza niba hari amazi, kandi ntukoreshe amavuta, amavuta, cyangwa bandeji keretse niba ubisabwe na muganga wawe.

Nigira iki niba ntasibye gahunda yo gukurikiranwa?

Niba utasibye gahunda yo gukurikiranwa y'amasaha 48 kugeza kuri 72, vugana na muganga wawe vuba bishoboka. Barashobora kuba bagishobora gusoma ibisubizo byawe niba utinzeho gato.

Ariko, niba igihe kinini gishize, igisubizo gishobora kuba cyagabanutse, bigatuma ibisubizo bitizewe. Muri iki kibazo, birashoboka ko uzasabwa gusubiramo igerageza ryose hamwe no guterwa urukingo rushya n'igihe cyo gukurikiranwa neza.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari guhangayika ku bijyanye na TB nyuma y'igerageza ritari ryiza?

Igerageza rya tuberculin ritari ryiza risobanura ko birashoboka ko utarashyikiranyijwe na bagiteri ya TB. Ariko, igerageza ryerekana amateka yawe yo gushyikirana kugeza igihe cyo kugerageza, ntabwo ari uburinzi bw'ejo hazaza.

Ushobora kwandura TB nyuma yo gupimwa niba uhuye n'umuntu urwaye TB ikora. Umuganga wawe azagusaba gusubiramo ibizamini bitewe n'ibintu bikugiraho ingaruka, nk'akazi kawe, aho utuye, cyangwa indwara ufite.

Nshobora gukora imyitozo nyuma yo guterwa urukingo rwa tuberculin?

Yego, urashobora gukora imyitozo no kwitabira ibikorwa bisanzwe bya fisik. Urukingo ntiruzagira ingaruka ku rwego rwawe rw'imbaraga cyangwa imikorere yawe ya fisik.

Gusa, witonze ahantu batera urukingo. Irinde guhoza cyane cyangwa gukanda ku kuboko kwawe igihe ukora imyitozo, hanyuma wiyuhagire bisanzwe nyuma yo gukora imyitozo, ukora ako gace ukoresheje igitambaro cyumye.