Urushinge rwa Typhoid (rutagira ubuzima): Ibikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'ibindi

Urushinge rwa typhoid ni urushinge rurinda rufasha kwirinda umuriro wa typhoid, indwara ikomeye iterwa na bagiteri. Ubu bwoko bukoresha bagiteri zitagira ubuzima (zishwe), bigatuma ari nziza ku bantu benshi mugihe ikomeza kubaka ubudahangarwa bukomeye kurwanya iyi ndwara.

Umuriro wa typhoid ukwirakwizwa binyuze mu biryo n'amazi byanduye, cyane cyane ahantu hadafite isuku ihagije. Urushinge rukora nk'amasomo y'imyitozo ku mikorere y'umubiri wawe, rukwigisha kumenya no kurwanya bagiteri ya typhoid mbere yo guhura n'ikintu nyacyo.

Urushinge rwa Typhoid (rutagira ubuzima) ni iki?

Urushinge rwa typhoid rutagira ubuzima rukubiyemo bagiteri ya Salmonella typhi yishwe idashobora gutera ubwandu. Umubiri wawe umenya ibi bice bya bagiteri bitagira ingaruka kandi ukora imbaraga zo kurinda kugirango ukurinde guhura na typhoid mu gihe kizaza.

Uru rushinge ruzana nk'urushinge rutangwa munsi y'uruhu (subcutaneous) cyangwa mu misitsi. Bitandukanye n'urushinge rwa typhoid rwo mu kanwa, uru rutagira ubuzima ntirushobora gutera umuriro wa typhoid kuko bagiteri yapfuye burundu.

Urushinge rutanga uburinzi mu gihe cy'imyaka 2-3, nubwo ubudahangarwa bushobora gutangira kugabanuka nyuma y'umwaka wa mbere. Abagenzi benshi n'abakozi bo mu buvuzi bishingikiriza kuri uru rushinge mugihe basuye cyangwa bakora ahantu hari ibyago byinshi.

Urushinge rwa Typhoid (rutagira ubuzima) rukoreshwa kubera iki?

Uru rushinge rurinda umuriro wa typhoid ku bantu bashobora guhura na bagiteri. Bikunze gukoreshwa cyane ku bagenzi mpuzamahanga bajya mu bihugu aho typhoid ikunze kuboneka.

Abakozi bo mu buvuzi, abakozi bo mu laboratori, n'abantu bakorana bya hafi n'abarwayi ba typhoid nabo bungukirwa n'ubu burinzi. Uru rushinge ni ingenzi cyane kuri buri wese ugenda mu bice bya Aziya, Afurika, na Amerika y'Epfo aho typhoid igikomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye cy'ubuzima.

Abantu bamwe bakira urukingo nk'igice cy'ingamba zo kugenzura icyorezo cyangwa iyo batuye ahantu hazwiho kwandura tifoyide. Abakozi b'igisirikare boherezwa mu turere tumwe na tumwe bashobora no guhabwa uru rukingo nk'inzira yo kwirinda.

Uko urukingo rwa tifoyide (rutagira ubushobozi) rukora

Uru rukingo rukora rwereka umubiri wawe ibice by'agakoko ka tifoyide gapfuye. Umubiri wawe ufata ibyo bice nk'abantu b'abanyamahanga kandi ukora imyanya y'abarwanya indwara yagenewe kurwanya tifoyide.

Ubu buryo busanzwe bufata ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo gukingirwa kugira ngo bugere ku gikorwa cyuzuye. Umubiri wawe ukora selile zibuka uko zarwanya agakoko ka tifoyide, bitanga uburinzi niba uhuye n'icyorezo kizima nyuma.

Uru rukingo rufatwa nk'urukomeye ruciriritse, rutanga uburinzi bwiza ku muriro wa tifoyide. Ariko, ntirukora 100%, bityo ugomba gukomeza gukora isuku nziza n'imigenzo yo kurya neza iyo ujya mu turere turimo ibyago byinshi.

Nkwiriye gufata nte urukingo rwa tifoyide (rutagira ubushobozi)?

Uru rukingo rutangwa nk'urushinge rumwe, akenshi mu kaboko kawe ka hejuru. Umuganga azahanagura ahantu batera urushinge akaguha urushinge munsi y'uruhu cyangwa mu misitsi.

Ugomba guhabwa urukingo byibuze mbere y'ibyumweru 2-3 mbere yo guhura na tifoyide. Iki gihe gituma umubiri wawe wubaka imyanya y'abarwanya indwara mbere yo kujya mu rugendo cyangwa guhura n'ibibazo.

Nta myiteguro idasanzwe ikenewe mbere yo guhabwa urukingo. Urashobora kurya uko bisanzwe kandi ntugomba kubifata hamwe n'ibiryo cyangwa amazi kuko ari urushinge. Ariko, menyesha umuganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata cyangwa ibibazo by'ubuzima ufite.

Nkwiriye gufata urukingo rwa tifoyide (rutagira ubushobozi) igihe kingana iki?

Urukingo rwa tifoyide akenshi rutangwa nk'urushinge rumwe rutanga uburinzi mu myaka 2-3. Ntugomba "kufata" buri munsi nk'imiti ya buri munsi.

Niba ukomeza kuba mu kaga ko kwandura tifoyide nyuma y'imyaka 2-3, uzakenera urukingo rwo kongera ubudahangarwa. Abantu benshi bakunda kugenda cyangwa abantu baba ahantu hari ibyago byinshi bahabwa inkingo zongera ubudahangarwa buri myaka 2-3 kugira ngo bakomeze kurindwa.

Umuvuzi wawe azagufasha kumenya igihe cyiza cyo gufata doze zongera ubudahangarwa bitewe n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga wowe ubwawe n'ingendo zawe. Abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera inkingo zongera ubudahangarwa kenshi niba bafite uburwayi bw'ubudahangarwa.

Ni ibihe bigaragara ku ruhande rw'urukingo rwa tifoyide (rutagira ubuzima)?

Abantu benshi bagira ibigaragara ku ruhande ruto bikemuka nyuma y'iminsi mike. Ibi bigaragaza ko ubudahangarwa bwawe buri gusubiza urukingo kandi bwubaka ubwirinzi.

Dore ibigaragara ku ruhande rusanzwe ushobora guhura nabyo:

• Urubavu, umutuku, cyangwa kubyimba ahatewe urukingo
• Urubavu ruto (akenshi munsi ya 101°F)
• Umutwe
• Urubavu mu mitsi
• Kugira umunaniro cyangwa kumva unaniwe
• Isesemi cyangwa kutamererwa neza mu gifu

Ibi bimenyetso bikunda kugaragara mu masaha 24-48 bikazima byonyine mu minsi 2-3. Imiti igurishwa idakeneye uruhushya rwa muganga irashobora gufasha kugabanya urubavu niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ibigaragara ku ruhande rukomeye ni bike ariko birashobora kwerekanwa n'uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwibasirwa n'umubiri. Dore ibimenyetso byo kwitondera bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse:

• Kugorana guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka cyane
• Kubyimba cyane mu maso, iminwa, cyangwa umuhogo
• Uruhu rwakwiriye hose cyangwa imyatsi
• Urubavu rwinshi rurenze 102°F
• Kuruka cyane cyangwa kudahagarara
• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura ahatewe urukingo (kongera umutuku, gushyuha, amashyira)

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, shakisha ubuvuzi ako kanya. Ibi bigaragara ntibisanzwe ariko bisaba kuvurwa vuba iyo bibaye.

Ni bande batagomba gufata urukingo rwa tifoyide (rutagira ubuzima)?

Abantu bamwe bagomba kwirinda uru rukingo kubera impungenge z'umutekano cyangwa kugabanuka kw'imikorere. Muganga wawe azasuzuma amateka yawe y'ubuzima kugira ngo amenye niba urukingo rukwiriye kuri wowe.

Amatsinda akurikira ntakagombye guhabwa urukingo rwa typhoid rutuma umubiri utagira ubwirinzi:

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• Abantu barwaye indwara ikomeye cyangwa bafite umuriro mwinshi (tegereza kugeza bakize)
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• Umuntu wese ufite allergie ikomeye izwi ku bice by'urukingo
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• Abantu bagize ibibazo bikomeye byatewe n'urukingo rwa typhoid rwo hambere
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• Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 2 (urukingo ntirwemerewe kuri iyi myaka)
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Abantu bamwe bakeneye kwitabwaho by'umwihariko ariko bashobora guhabwa urukingo barinzwe na muganga:

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• Abagore batwite (muri rusange birindwa keretse bafite ibyago byinshi)
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• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza
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• Abantu bafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
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• Abantu barwaye indwara zidakira nka diyabete cyangwa indwara z'umutima
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Muganga wawe azagereranya inyungu n'ibibazo by'icyo gihe cyihariye. Rimwe na rimwe, kurindwa na typhoid kuruta impungenge zishobora guterwa n'urukingo, cyane cyane kubagenzi bafite ibyago byinshi.

Izina ry'Urukingo rwa Typhoid (Rutuma Umubiri Utagira Ubwirinzi)

Izina risanzwe ry'urukingo rwa typhoid rutuma umubiri utagira ubwirinzi ni Typhim Vi. Uru rukingo rukorwa na Sanofi Pasteur kandi ruboneka cyane mu mavuriro no mu bigo by'imiti y'abagenzi.

Ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi bimwe bishobora kubyita gusa

Uburyo bwa mbere bwo gukingira umusonga butavuzwe ni urukingo rw'umukanwa rwa typhoid (Ty21a). Ubu bwoko buza mu gakoni ushira mu kanwa aho guterwa urushinge.

Urukingo rw'umukanwa rusaba doze nyinshi mu minsi myinshi kandi rufite imbogamizi zitandukanye. Ntirusobora guhabwa abantu bafite uburwayi bwo mu mubiri, abagore batwite, cyangwa abafata imiti imwe n'imwe.

Urukingo rwombi rutanga uburinzi busa n'ubwo kurwara umusonga, ariko guhitamo biterwa n'imibereho yawe bwite. Abantu bamwe bakunda koroherezwa no guterwa urushinge rumwe, mu gihe abandi bahitamo urw'umukanwa kugira ngo birinde inshinge.

Umuvuzi wawe azagufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku buzima bwawe, gahunda y'urugendo, n'ibyo ukunda.

Ese Urukingo rwa Typhoid (rutavuzwe) ruruta urukingo rwa Typhoid rw'umukanwa?

Nta rukingo na rumwe ruruta urundi. Zombi zitanga uburinzi bwiza ku kurwara umusonga, hamwe n'amanota yo gukora ari hagati ya 50-80% mu bushakashatsi bwinshi.

Urukingo rutavuzwe rutanga inyungu zimwe na zimwe, harimo gukwirana n'abantu bafite uburwayi bwo mu mubiri n'abagore batwite mu bihe by'akaga. Bisaba kandi doze imwe gusa kandi bikora neza n'indi miti.

Urukingo rw'umukanwa rushobora gutanga ubudahangarwa burambye kandi ntirusaba urushinge. Ariko, rukenera doze nyinshi, rufite imbogamizi nyinshi, kandi rushobora kugirwaho ingaruka n'imiti imwe n'imwe cyangwa indwara zo mu gifu.

Umuvuzi wawe azatekereza ku miterere yawe yihariye, harimo ubuzima bwawe, gahunda z'urugendo, n'ibyo ukunda, kugira ngo agushakire uburyo bukwiye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa ku Rukingo rwa Typhoid (rutavuzwe)

Ese Urukingo rwa Typhoid (rutavuzwe) ni rwiza ku bantu barwaye diyabete?

Yego, urukingo rwa typhoid rutagira ubuzima rusanzwe rufitiye umutekano abantu barwaye diyabete. Kurwara diyabete ntibibuza kwakira uru rukingo, kandi birashoboka ko ari ngombwa cyane kuko abarwaye diyabete bashobora guhura n'ibibazo byinshi biterwa n'indwara zandura.

Abantu barwaye diyabete bagomba kugenzura isukari yabo neza mu gihe cyo gukingirwa. Ingaruka ntoya nk'umuriro cyangwa kumva utameze neza bishobora guhindura igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso, bityo bikaba ngombwa ko bazigenzura cyane mu minsi mike nyuma yo gukingirwa.

Nigira nte niba nshoboye kwakira urukingo rwa typhoid rwinshi cyane?

Biragoye cyane kwakira urukingo rwa typhoid rwinshi kuko rutangwa nk'urukingo rumwe rugerwaho n'abaganga. Niba ufite impungenge zo kwakira urukingo rwinshi mu gihe gito, vugana n'umuganga wawe.

Gukingirwa urukingo rwinshi muri rusange ntizitera ingaruka zikomeye, nubwo ushobora guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye. Umuganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze akaguha inama zikwiriye zishingiye ku miterere yawe yihariye.

Nigira nte niba nasibye gahunda yo gukingirwa typhoid?

Niba wasibye gahunda yo gukingirwa typhoid, shyiraho indi gahunda vuba bishoboka. Wibuke ko ukeneye nibura ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo gukingirwa kugira ngo ugire ubudahangarwa burinda.

Niba itariki yo kujya mu rugendo rwawe yegereje kandi ntushobora gukingirwa ku gihe, jya witondera cyane ibyo kurya n'amazi. Umuganga wawe ashobora kandi kuganira n'izindi ngamba zo kwirinda ushobora gufata mu gihe uri mu rugendo.

Nshobora kureka ryari gukingirwa inkingo zongera ubudahangarwa bwa typhoid?

Ushobora kureka gukingirwa inkingo zongera ubudahangarwa bwa typhoid igihe utakiri mu kaga ko kwandura typhoid. Ibi bisobanura ko udajya mu turere turimo ibyago byinshi cyangwa ukora mu bihe bishobora gutuma wandura.

Abantu benshi bakira inkingo zongera buri myaka 2-3 igihe cyose bakomeza kujya mu bihugu aho tifoyide ikunze kuboneka. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusuzuma uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze kandi akagufasha kumenya igihe inkingo zongera zitakiri ngombwa.

Nshobora guhabwa izindi nkingo icyarimwe n'urukingo rwa tifoyide?

Yego, mubisanzwe ushobora guhabwa izindi nkingo icyarimwe n'urukingo rwa tifoyide. Ibi bikunze gukorwa ku bantu bakora ingendo bakeneye inkingo nyinshi nka hepatite A, hepatite B, cyangwa umururumba.

Umuganga wawe azatanga inkingo zitandukanye ahantu hatandukanye, akenshi mu maboko atandukanye. Guhabwa inkingo nyinshi icyarimwe ntigishobora kugabanya imikorere yazo kandi bishobora korohereza abantu bakora ingendo bafite igihe gito mbere yo kugenda.