Ni iki Gakingirwa ka Virusi ya Varicella Live? Ibimenyetso, Ibiteye, & Ubuvuzi bwo mu Rugo

Gakingirwa ka virusi ya varicella live ni urushinge rugufasha kurinda indwara ya chickenpox, indwara yandura cyane iterwa na virusi ya varicella-zoster. Uru rukingo rukubiyemo uburyo bworoshye bwa virusi bufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya indwara nyayo itagutera kurwara.

Abantu benshi bakira uru rukingo bakiri abana, ariko n'abantu bakuru batigeze barwara chickenpox barushobora. Uru rukingo rutangwa nk'urushinge rukoreshwa mu gice cy'umubiri cyangwa munsi y'uruhu, bitewe n'imyaka yawe n'icyo muganga wawe agushyiraho.

Ni iki gakingirwa ka virusi ya varicella live?

Gakingirwa ka virusi ya varicella live ni umuti urinda umubiri wawe kwiga kumenya no kurwanya virusi ya chickenpox. Ikorerwa mu buryo bwa virusi ya varicella-zoster ikiriho ariko yoroshye idashobora gutera indwara yuzuye ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza.

Uru rukingo rwemerejwe bwa mbere muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika mu 1995 kandi rwagabanije cyane imanza za chickenpox ku kigereranyo cya 90%. Muri rusange rutangwa ku bana bari hagati y'amezi 12 na 15, hamwe n'urundi rukingo rwa kabiri hagati y'imyaka 4 na 6.

Abantu bakuru batigeze barwara chickenpox cyangwa urukingo bakenera inkingo ebyiri zitangwa nyuma y'ibyumweru 4 kugeza kuri 8. Uru rukingo rutanga uburinzi burambye, nubwo ubudahangarwa bushobora kugabanuka gato uko imyaka igenda.

Kumva urukingo rwa varicella rumeze gute?

Gukingirwa varicella bimeze nk'izindi nkingo zose - gushyirwaho vuba cyangwa kubabara iyo urushinge rwinjiye. Urukingo ubwarwo rutwara amasegonda make, kandi abantu benshi barusobanura nk'uburyo butababaza kurusha uko babyiteze.

Ukuboko kwawe gushobora kumva kubabara ahantu urukingo rwakorewe mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma. Abantu bamwe babona umutuku woroshye cyangwa kubyimba aho bakingiwe, ibyo bisanzwe kandi byerekana ko umubiri wawe urimo gusubiza.

Abantu bake cyane bagira uruhu ruto rumeze nk'udututu twa chickenpox nyuma y'ibyumweru bike bikingiwe urukingo. Ibi bibaho ku bantu nka 1 kuri 25 kandi bivuze ko urukingo rukora neza.

Kuki hakenewe gukingira varicella?

Urukingo rwa varicella rubaho kuko chickenpox ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye, cyane cyane mu matsinda amwe y'abantu. Nubwo benshi batekereza ko chickenpox ari indwara yoroheje yo mu bwana, ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye birimo umusonga, kubyimba ubwonko, n'indwara ziterwa na bagiteri ziteje ubuzima bw'akaga.

Mbere y'urukingo, chickenpox yafashe hafi ya buri wese mu bwana, itera hafi miliyoni 4 z'abarwayi buri mwaka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Iyi ndwara yari ikomeye cyane ku bana bakivuka, abagore batwite, n'abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza.

Dore impamvu nyamukuru zatumye gukingira biba ngombwa:

• Chickenpox itera ibimenyetso bitari byiza bituma abana batiga ndetse n'ababyeyi batagakora
• Hafi 1 kuri 1,000 y'abana barwaye chickenpox bagira ibibazo bikomeye
• Abantu bakuru barwara chickenpox bahura n'ibibazo byinshi by'umusonga n'ibindi bibazo bikomeye
• Abagore batwite barwaye chickenpox bashobora kwanduza inda zabo
• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza bashobora kurwara indwara ziteje ubuzima bw'akaga

Urukingo rwica ibi bibazo binyuze mu kubaka ubudahangarwa mbere yo guhura na virusi. Ni umutekano mwinshi kuruta kurwara indwara karemano.

Ni izihe ndwara urukingo rwa varicella rwica?

Urukingo rwa varicella rurinda cyane chickenpox, ariko kandi rugabanya ibyago byo kurwara shingles nyuma y'imyaka. Shingles ibaho iyo virusi ya chickenpox, iguma mu ntsinga zawe nyuma yo kwandura, yongera gukora nyuma y'imyaka.

Kwikingiza aho kurwara impyisi bisanzwe bigaragara ko bigabanya amahirwe yo kurwara ishingura. Ibi biterwa nuko virusi y'urukingo idashobora gushinga indwara ikomeye yihishe mu mitsi yawe.

Urukingo kandi rurinda ingorane nyinshi zikomeye zishobora kubaho hamwe n'impyisi:

• Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri zo ku ruhu zishobora gutera ibibara cyangwa ubumara mu maraso
• Umuriro w'ibihaha, ukunda gufata nka 1 kuri 400 mu bantu bakuru bafite impyisi
• Uburwayi bwo mu bwonko (encephalitis), nubwo bidasanzwe
• Ibibazo byo kuva amaraso bitewe no kugabanuka kw'imibare ya platelet
• Indwara zikomeye mu bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza

Ku bagore batwite, urukingo rurinda indwara ya varicella syndrome y'uruhinja, indwara ishobora gutera ubumuga bw'amavuko niba impyisi zibayeho mugihe cyo gutwita.

Ese ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo zirashobora gushira zonyine?

Yego, ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo rwa varicella ni nto kandi zishira zonyine muminsi mike. Umubiri wawe ukoresha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butera ibi bikorwa mugihe wigira kumenya virusi y'urukingo.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zirimo kubabara, gutukura, cyangwa kubyimba ahantu hakorewe inshinge. Ibi bimenyetso mubisanzwe bitangira mumasaha make nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi bigashira muminsi 2 kugeza kuri 3 nta kuvurwa.

Abantu bamwe bagira umuriro muto cyangwa ahantu hake hameze nk'impyisi muminsi 2 kugeza kuri 3 nyuma yo gukingirwa. Iyi ngaruka itinda ni ikimenyetso cyiza ko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe burimo kwiyubaka, kandi ibi bimenyetso mubisanzwe bishira muminsi mike.

Ingaruka zikomeye ni gake cyane, zibaho kuri 1 kuri miliyoni 1 y'urukingo. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwivumbura ku bintu, umuriro mwinshi, cyangwa ibimenyetso bidasanzwe, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya.

Ni gute ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo zivurwa murugo?

Ushobora kwifashisha uburyo bworoshye bwo kwivuza ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa n'urukingo rwa varicella uri mu rugo. Ubu buryo buroshye bufasha umubiri wawe gukira mu gihe urukingo rukomeza kukurinda.

Ku bijyanye no kuribwa ahatewe urukingo, shyiraho akatambaro gatose kandi gakonje kuri ako gace iminota 10 kugeza kuri 15 inshuro nyinshi ku munsi. Irinde gukora ku gice cyatewe urukingo cyangwa kugikanda, kuko ibyo bishobora kongera kurakara.

Dore uburyo bwizewe bwo koroshya ingaruka zisanzwe:

• Fata acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare cyangwa umuriro, ukurikiza amabwiriza yanditse ku ipaki
• Koresha igitambaro gikanye ku gice cyatewe urukingo kugira ngo ugabanye umubyimbirwe
• Jya wambara imyenda itagufashe cyane kugira ngo wirinde kurakaza ahatewe urukingo
• Guma mu mazi unywa amazi menshi
• Ruhuka cyane kugira ngo ufashishe urugingo rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa gusubiza urukingo

Niba urwaye ibibara byoroheje, irinde gukora ku bice byarwaye kandi ubifate neza kandi byumye. Ibibara mubisanzwe bikira byonyine kandi ntibisaba kuvurwa byihariye.

Ntushyire ubushyuhe ku gice cyatewe urukingo cyangwa ufate aspirine, cyane cyane ku bana, kuko ibyo bishobora kongera ibibazo.

Ni ukuvura iki mu by'ubuvuzi ku bijyanye n'ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa varicella?

Ubuvuzi bw'ubuvuzi ku ngaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa varicella buterwa n'ubwoko n'uburemere bw'ibimenyetso ubona. Ingaruka nyinshi ni nto kandi ntizisaba ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi uretse kwivuza uri mu rugo.

Niba ugize umuriro uri hejuru ya 102°F (39°C) cyangwa ahatewe urukingo hagatangira gutukura cyane no kubyimba, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba imiti ikomeye igabanya ububabare cyangwa imiti irwanya umubyimbirwe. Bazashaka kandi kumenya niba nta ndwara zatewe na bagiteri.

Ku bijyanye n'ibibazo bidasanzwe byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri bikabije, ubuvuzi bw'ubuvuzi burimo:

• Umuti wa epinephrine w'urushinge wo guhindura ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwibasirwa n'umubiri
• Imiti irwanya allergie kugira ngo igabanye ibicurane no kubyimba
• Imiti ya corticoïdes kugira ngo igabanye umubyimbire
• Amazi yinjizwa mu maraso no gukurikiranwa kwa muganga mu bitaro
• Ubufasha bwo guhumeka niba inzira z'umwuka zibyimbye

Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza bafite ibiheri byinshi nyuma yo gukingirwa bashobora gukenera imiti irwanya virusi nka acyclovir. Ubu buvuzi bufasha kwirinda virusi y'urukingo guteza indwara ikomeye.

Umuvuzi wawe azakora gahunda yo kuvura ishingiye ku bimenyetso byawe byihariye n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi. Bazatanga kandi raporo y'ibimenyetso bikomeye ku buryo bwo gukurikirana umutekano w'urukingo.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo gukingirwa varicella?

Ugomba kuvugana n'umuvuzi wawe niba ubonye ibimenyetso bisa nkaho bikabije kuruta uko byari byitezwe cyangwa bikamara iminsi myinshi. Nubwo ibimenyetso bikomeye bidasanzwe, ni ngombwa gushaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi igihe bibaye ngombwa.

Hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri bikomeye mu masaha make nyuma yo gukingirwa. Ibi birimo kugorwa no guhumeka, kubyimba mu maso cyangwa mu muhogo, ibiheri byinshi, cyangwa kumva ucika intege.

Dore izindi mimerere zisaba isuzuma ry'ubuvuzi:

• Urubanza ruri hejuru ya 102°F (39°C) rutitabira imiti igabanya umuriro
• Aho urushinge rwashyizwe hagenda rwijima cyane, rugashyuha, cyangwa rugakura amashyira
• Ibiheri byinshi bifite amabara arenga 50, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza
• Umutwe ukabije, umuhogo wumye, cyangwa urujijo
• Kuruka guhoraho cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kumuka amazi mu mubiri
• Ibindi bimenyetso byose bikubabaza cyangwa bisa nkaho bidasanzwe

Niba utwite kandi ukaba warakingiwe mu buryo butunganye, vugana n'umuganga wawe w'indwara z'abagore ako kanya. Nubwo urukingo rudasabwa mugihe cyo gutwita, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibyago ku mwana biba bike cyane.

Ku ngaruka zisanzwe nk'ububabare budakabije cyangwa umuriro muto, mubisanzwe urashobora kubikemura mu rugo kandi ntukeneye ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa n'inkingo ya varicella?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo guhura n'ingaruka ziterwa n'inkingo ya varicella, nubwo ingaruka zikomeye ziguma zikaba gake cyane hatitawe ku bintu byongera ibyago. Kumva ibi bintu bifasha wowe n'umuganga wawe gufata ibyemezo bifitiye inyungu ku gukingiza.

Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza bahura n'ibyago byinshi byo kwibasirwa n'inkingo. Ibi birimo abantu bakira imiti ya kanseri, bafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, cyangwa babana n'indwara nka SIDA cyangwa ubudahangarwa bukomeye buvangiye.

Imyaka nayo ishobora kugira uruhare mu kwibasirwa n'inkingo, nubwo mu buryo butandukanye:

• Urubyiruko n'abantu bakuru bashobora guhura n'ububabare bwinshi aho batera urushinge kurusha abana bato
• Abantu bakuru bashobora kurwara umuriro nyuma yo gukingizwa
• Abantu barengeje imyaka 50 bashobora kugira ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku nkingo
• Abana bari munsi y'amezi 12 bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butaruzura bushobora kutitabira neza

Kwibasirwa mbere na mbere n'ibintu bigize inkingo, cyane cyane gelatin cyangwa umuti wa antibiyotike neomycin, byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa bikomeye. Abantu bafite allergie y'amagi ntibahura n'ibyago byiyongereye kuko iyi nkingo itera mu magi.

Gusama ni ikintu kibuza gukingirwa kubera ibyago byo mu bitekerezo ku mwana ukura. Abagore bonsa bashobora kwakira inkingo neza nta byago byiyongereye byo kwibasirwa.

Ni izihe ngorane zishoboka zo gukingizwa varicella?

Ingorane ziterwa no gukingizwa varicella ni gake cyane, zibaho ku bantu batarenze 1 kuri miliyoni 1 y'inkingo zatanzwe. Iyo ingorane zibayeho, mubisanzwe ziba zidakomeye cyane kurusha izijyana n'indwara ya chickenpox y'umwimerere.

Ikibazo gikomeye gishobora kuvuka ni allergie ikaze yitwa anaphylaxis, ishobora gutera urupfu igihe itavuwe ako kanya. Iyi ngaruka ikunda kubaho mu minota mike nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi ikibasira abantu bake cyane, batarenga 1 kuri miliyoni 1.

Izindi ngaruka zitavuka kenshi zirimo:

• Varicella yatewe n'urukingo ikwira hose ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke cyane
• Umuvumo, nubwo bidasanzwe kandi bidakaze nk'umuvumo uterwa na varicella y'umwimerere
• Kwandura virusi y'urukingo ku bantu bafite ibibazo byinshi, byagaragaye mu manza zitarenze 10 ku isi yose
• Kugira ibibazo byo gufatwa n'ibicurane ku bana bakunda kugira ibibazo byo gufatwa n'ibicurane
• Kugabanuka kw'agaciro k'utunyangingo dutuma amaraso atwama, bigatuma umuntu akunda gukomereka

Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko izi ngaruka zitavuka cyane kandi zidahungabanya nk'izo ziterwa na varicella y'umwimerere. Urukingo rurinda ibihumbi by'ingaruka zikomeye zashoboraga kubaho iyo umuntu yanduye varicella y'umwimerere.

Ubushakashatsi bumaze imyaka irenga 25 ntibwagaragaje ibibazo by'ubuzima birambye biterwa n'urukingo rwa varicella. Inyungu zo gukingirwa ziruta cyane ibyago bike kuri hafi ya buri wese.

Urukingo rwa varicella rufitiye akamaro ubuzima bw'ubudahangarwa cyangwa ntacyo rumaze?

Urukingo rwa varicella rufitiye akamaro kanini ubuzima bw'ubudahangarwa kuko rutanga uburinzi ku ndwara ya varicella hatarimo ibyago byo kwandura mu buryo busanzwe. Rutegura ubudahangarwa bwawe kugira ngo bumenye kandi burwanye virusi ya varicella-zoster neza kandi mu buryo butekanye.

Gukingirwa mu by'ukuri birakomeza ubudahangarwa bwawe bwigisha umubiri wawe gukora imisemburo irwanya indwara no gukoresha utunyangingo tw'ubudahangarwa twihariye kuri virusi ya varicella. Ubu burinzi bukunze kumara imyaka myinshi, nubwo hari abantu bashobora gukenera inkingo zongera imbaraga nyuma y'igihe.

Urukingo rufasha ubuzima bw'ubudahangarwa mu buryo butandukanye bukomeye:

• Birinda umubiri guhangana n’indwara y’imitsi iterwa no kurwara inkorora y’inkoko
• Bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara ziterwa na mikorobe zishobora kurenga ubwirinzi bw’umubiri
• Bisa nkaho bigabanya amahirwe yo kurwara ishingura nyuma y’igihe kirekire
• Birinda abantu bafite ibibazo mu muryango binyuze mu bwumvikane bw’abaturage
• Birinda ibibazo by’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri nk'umwuka mubi cyangwa kubyimba ubwonko

Abantu bamwe bahangayikishwa no gukumira inkorora y’inkoko isanzwe ishobora kugabanya ubwirinzi bw’umubiri, ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibyo atari byo. Urwo rukingo rutanga uburinzi bukomeye kandi burambye nta ngaruka ziterwa no kurwara indwara isanzwe.

Ku bantu bafite ubwirinzi bw’umubiri buzima, urukingo rwa varicella ni bumwe mu buryo bwizewe kandi bufite akamaro bwo gukumira indwara ikomeye.

Ni ikihe gishobora kwitiranywa n’ingaruka z’urukingo rwa varicella?

Ingaruka z’urukingo rwa varicella rimwe na rimwe zishobora kwitiranywa n’izindi ndwara, cyane cyane iyo ibimenyetso bigaragara nyuma y’iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru byinshi nyuma yo gukingirwa. Kumva ibyo bisa bifasha wowe n’umuganga wawe gukora isuzuma ryukuri.

Uruhu ruto rugaragara rimwe na rimwe nyuma yo gukingirwa akenshi rwitiranywa n’inkorora y’inkoko isanzwe. Ariko, ibibara byatewe n’urukingo mubisanzwe bifite utudomo duke, bigaragara nyuma, kandi ntibishimisha cyane kurusha inkorora y’inkoko isanzwe.

Dore indwara zisanzwe ingaruka z’urukingo zishobora kwigana:

• Indwara ziterwa na mikorobe zo ku ruhu, ziteza umutuku no kubyimba ahatewe urukingo
• Ubwivumbagatanye ku bindi bintu, cyane cyane iyo uruhu rugaragaye
• Indwara ziterwa na virusi ziteza umuriro no kutumva neza muri rusange
• Indwara y'intoki, ibirenge, n'umunwa, nayo itera uruhu rurimo utudomo
• Udukoko twumye cyangwa indwara y’uruhu itera ibibazo byo mu gace kamwe
• Izindi ngaruka z’urukingo niba inkingo nyinshi zatanzwe icyarimwe

Igihe ibimenyetso by'indwara bigaragarira akenshi bifasha gutandukanya ibimenyetso byatewe n'urukingo n'izindi ndwara. Ibimenyetso byo ku ruhu byatewe n'urukingo akenshi bigaragara nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe kugeza ku byumweru bitatu nyuma yo gukingirwa, mu gihe indwara ziterwa na mikorobe zikunda kugaragara mu minsi mike.

Niba utazi neza niba ibimenyetso byawe bifitanye isano n'urukingo cyangwa indi ndwara, ntugatinye kuvugana n'umuganga wawe. Ashobora kukugenzura akamenya icyateye ibimenyetso byawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku rukingo rwa varicella

Ese nshobora kurwara amabara (chickenpox) nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa varicella?

Ntushobora kurwara amabara (chickenpox) nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa varicella mu buryo busanzwe. Urukingo rukubiyemo virusi yoroshye itashobora gutera indwara yuzuye ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza. Ariko, kuri buri bantu 25, umwe arwara ibibara byoroheje bifite utudomo duke dusa n'amabara yoroheje cyane.

Ibi bibara byatewe n'urukingo biroroshye cyane kurusha amabara asanzwe, bifite utudomo duke, ntibitera ibishuko byinshi, kandi ntibigira umuriro. Byerekana ko umubiri wawe ukora neza ku rukingo kandi ukubaka ubwirinzi.

Ubwirinzi butangwa n'urukingo rwa varicella bumara igihe kingana iki?

Ubwirinzi butangwa n'urukingo rwa varicella busa nk'aho bumara imyaka myinshi, bishobora no kumara imyaka mirongo. Ubushakashatsi bukurikirana abantu bakingiwe mu gihe kirenga imyaka 20 bwerekana ko abantu benshi bagumana urwego rw'ubwirinzi mu gihe cyose.

Abantu bamwe bashobora kugabanya ubwirinzi uko igihe kigenda gihita, niyo mpamvu ubu hasabwa gukingirwa inshuro ebyiri. Urukingo rwa kabiri rutanga imbaraga zongera ubwirinzi burambye kandi rugabanya amahirwe make yo kwandura indwara.

Ese abagore batwite bashobora kuba hafi y'abantu baherutse guhabwa urukingo rwa varicella?

Yego, abagore batwite bashobora kuguma bafite umutekano bari hafi y'abantu baherutse guhabwa urukingo rwa varicella. Kwandura virusi y'urukingo ku bandi ni gake cyane, hamwe n'ibibazo bike birenga 10 byatangajwe ku isi hose kuva urukingo rwatangira gukoreshwa.

Virusi ya urukingo rushobora kwandura gusa niba umuntu watewe urukingo arwaye ibiheri, ndetse naho, ibyago ni bike. Urukingo rutanga ubufasha bukomeye mu baturage bufasha abagore batwite mu kugabanya uko bahura na chickenpox y'inkazi.

Ese abantu bakuru barwaye chickenpox bakiri bato bakwiye guhabwa urukingo rwa varicella?

Abantu bakuru barwaye chickenpox bakiri bato ntibakeneye urukingo rwa varicella kuko basanzwe bafite ubudahangarwa karemano. Ariko, niba utazi neza niba warwaye chickenpox, muganga wawe ashobora gupima amaraso yawe kugirango arebe niba ufite imbaraga zo kurwanya indwara.

Hafi 85% by'abantu bakuru batibuka ko barwaye chickenpox bafite ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bwo hambere iyo bapimwe. Niba ibizamini by'amaraso byerekana ko udafite ubudahangarwa, urukingo rurashobora gutangwa, cyane cyane niba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko guhura n'ingorane.

Ese urukingo rwa varicella rushobora gutangwa hamwe n'izindi nkingo?

Yego, urukingo rwa varicella rushobora gutangwa icyarimwe n'izindi nkingo, harimo n'urukingo rwa MMR. Iyo inkingo nyinshi zitanzwe icyarimwe, zitangwa ahantu hatandukanye ku mubiri kugirango bagabanye ibisubizo byaho.

Kugira inkingo icyarimwe ntibyongera ibyago byo guhura n'ingaruka zikomeye kandi bifasha kumenya ko ukurikiza gahunda y'inkingo zose ziteganijwe. Umuganga wawe azagena gahunda nziza y'inkingo ishingiye ku myaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe.