Urushinge rwa malariya: Ibyo rukoreshwa, urugero rwo kurufata, ingaruka zabyo n'ibindi

Urushinge rwa malariya ni urushinge rukoresha virusi ikiriho ariko yoroshye, rukurinda malariya, indwara ikomeye yandurira mu bishwi iboneka mu bice bya Afurika na Amerika y'Epfo. Uru rushinge rumwe rutanga ubudahangarwa burambye kandi rukunze gusabwa mu ngendo mpuzamahanga zijya mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe.

Malariya ishobora gutera indwara zikomeye zirimo kwangirika kw'umwijima, kuva amaraso, ndetse no gupfa. Uru rushinge rumaze imyaka myinshi rutanga umutekano ku bagenzi n'abantu baba mu turere turimo ibyago, rukaba rumwe mu bikoresho byacu bikora neza kurwanya iyi ndwara ishobora kwica.

Urushinge rwa malariya ni iki?

Urushinge rwa malariya rukubiyemo virusi ya malariya ikiriho ariko yoroshye idashobora gutera indwara nyayo ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza. Iyo yatewe munsi y'uruhu rwawe, yigisha umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya virusi ya malariya nyayo niba wigeze kuyihura.

Uru rushinge rutangwa nk'urushinge rwo munsi y'uruhu, bivuze ko rujya mu gice cy'ibinure munsi y'uruhu rwawe aho kujya mu misitsi. Virus yoroshye iri mu rwo rushinge yororoka bihagije kugira ngo itange ubudahangarwa bukomeye kandi burambye itaguteye indwara.

Abaganga bakoresha uru rushinge neza kuva mu myaka ya 1930. Rufatwa nk'urushinge rukora neza cyane, urugero rumwe rutanga uburinzi bushobora kumara ubuzima bwose ku bantu benshi.

Urushinge rwa malariya rukoreshwa mu iki?

Urushinge rwa malariya rurinda indwara ya malariya, indwara iterwa na virusi ikwirakwizwa n'imibu yanduye mu turere dushyuha twa Afurika na Amerika y'Epfo. Ushobora gukenera uru rushinge niba uri kujya mu bihugu birimo malariya cyangwa niba utuye ahantu iyi ndwara iboneka.

Ibihugu byinshi bisaba icyemezo cy'urukingo rwa malariya mbere yo kwemerera abantu kwinjira, cyane cyane niba urugendera mu gihugu indwara ibonekamo. Iki cyemezo gifasha kwirinda ikwirakwizwa rya malariya mu turere dushya ahari ubwoko bw'imibu bukwiye ariko indwara itaragaragara mbere.

Urukingo kandi rurashimwa ku bakozi bo mu laboratori bashobora gukora ku gice cya virusi ya malariya no ku bantu baba mu turere indwara ya malariya yibasira. Ibihugu bimwe bishobora gusaba urukingo kabone niyo waba uhagarara mu kibuga cy'indege mu turere twibasiwe.

Urukingo rwa malariya rukora gute?

Urukingo rwa malariya rukora rutera umubiri wawe virusi ya malariya yoroshye, itashobora gutera indwara nyayo ariko ishobora gutera umubiri wawe gukora uburinzi. Ibi bifatwa nk'urukingo rukomeye kandi ruzana umusaruro mwinshi rukora ubudahangarwa bukomeye.

Umaze guhabwa urukingo, umubiri wawe wemera virusi yoroshye nk'iy'umunyamahanga kandi ukora imisemburo yagenewe kurwanya malariya. Umubiri wawe kandi ukora uturemangingo twibuka uko bakora vuba iyo misemburo niba uhuye na virusi nyayo nyuma.

Iyi mikorere y'umubiri isanzwe itera imbere mu minsi 10 nyuma yo gukingirwa kandi itanga uburinzi byibuze imyaka 10, nubwo abahanga benshi bemera ko bishobora kumara ubuzima bwose. Urukingo rukora ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku buryo abantu benshi bakeneye urukingo rumwe gusa mu buzima bwabo bwose.

Nkwiriye gufata urukingo rwa malariya nte?

Urukingo rwa malariya rutangwa nk'urushinge rumwe munsi y'uruhu, akenshi mu kaboko kawe k'igice cyo hejuru. Ugomba guhabwa uru rukingo byibuze iminsi 10 mbere yo kujya ahantu hari malariya, kuko bitwara igihe kirekire kugira ngo umubiri wawe ugire uburinzi bwuzuye.

Ntugomba gufata ingamba zidasanzwe ku biryo cyangwa ibinyobwa mbere cyangwa nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo. Ariko, ni byiza kuba ufite amazi ahagije kandi umaze kurya kugira ngo wirinde kumva urushye mu gihe cyo guterwa urukingo.

Urukingo rugomba gutangirwa ahantu hemerwe ho gukingirwa umusonga w'umuhondo n'abaganga babihuguriwe. Izi nzu zifite ibisabwa byihariye byo kubika no gukoresha urukingo kugira ngo ruzakomeze gukora neza. Uzahabwa icyemezo mpuzamahanga cy'urukingo kivuga ko watewe urukingo kugira ngo ukoreshwe mu ngendo.

Nzakira urukingo rw'umusonga w'umuhondo igihe kingana iki?

Urukingo rw'umusonga w'umuhondo akenshi ni urukingo rumwe rutanga uburinzi burambye. Abantu benshi bakeneye urukingo rumwe gusa mu buzima bwabo, kuko ubudahangarwa butangwa bukomeye cyane kandi buramba.

Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku buzima wahinduye inama zawo mu mwaka wa 2014, uvuga ko urukingo rumwe rutanga uburinzi bw'ubuzima bwose ku bantu benshi. Mbere, urukingo rwo kongera imbaraga rwasabwaga buri myaka 10, ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibi bitari ngombwa ku bantu benshi.

Ariko, abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera urukingo rwo kongera imbaraga nyuma y'imyaka 10 niba bafite ibintu byinshi bibashyira mu kaga cyangwa ubudahangarwa bwabo buri hasi. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba ukeneye doze zindi zishingiye ku buzima bwawe bwite n'ingendo zawe.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rw'umusonga w'umuhondo?

Abantu benshi bahura n'ingaruka zoroheje ziterwa n'urukingo rw'umusonga w'umuhondo, niba hari izo bafite. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ni nk'ibyo ushobora kumva n'izindi nkingo kandi bikunda gukira mu minsi mike.

Dore ingaruka ushobora guhura nazo, dutangiriye ku zikunze kubaho:

• Kubabara, gutukura, cyangwa kubyimba ahaterwa urukingo
• Urubavu ruto
• Kubabara umutwe gake
• Kubabara imitsi
• Kugira umunaniro cyangwa kumva utameze neza
• Isesemi rito

Ibi bimenyetso bigaragara nyuma y’iminsi mike urikingije kandi bikagenda byikora. Gufata imiti igabanya ububabare itangwa nta tegeko rya muganga kandi gushyira amazi akonje ahaterwa urukingo birashobora kugufasha mu gihe ufite ikibazo icyo aricyo cyose.

Ingaruka zikomeye ni gake ariko zirashobora kubaho. Izi ngaruka zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga:

• Urugero rukabije rwo kwibasirwa n'umubiri (kubura umwuka, kubyimba mu maso cyangwa mu muhogo, uruhu ruranga hose)
• Indwara ya neurologique ijyanye n'urukingo rwa malariya (uburwayi bwo mu bwonko, bidasanzwe cyane)
• Indwara ya viscerotropic ijyanye n'urukingo rwa malariya (kunangara kw'ingingo, na none bidasanzwe cyane)
• Urusazi rwinshi rumara iminsi myinshi
• Umutwe ukabije hamwe no gukakara kw'ijosi

Izi ngaruka zikomeye ntizisanzwe, zibaho ku bantu batarenze 1 kuri 100.000 bakingiwe. Ariko, kumenya ibimenyetso bifasha gushaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihuse niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ninde utagomba gufata urukingo rwa malariya?

Abantu bamwe bagomba kwirinda urukingo rwa malariya kuko bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Urukingo rukubiyemo virusi nzima, bityo ntirukwiriye kuri buri wese, cyane cyane abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza.

Ntabwo ukwiriye guhabwa urukingo rwa malariya niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Uburwayi bukomeye hamwe n'umuriro mu gihe cyo gukingirwa
• Urugero rukabije rwo kwibasirwa n'umubiri ku rukingo rwa malariya rwa mbere cyangwa icyo aricyo cyose kigize urukingo
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza kubera HIV/SIDA, kuvurwa kanseri, cyangwa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa
• Indwara z'igihaha cya thymus
• Uburwayi bw'ubudahangarwa bw'ibanze

Ukwitondera by'umwihariko birakenewe ku matsinda amwe ashobora kuba afite ibyago byiyongereye:

• Abantu bakuru bafite imyaka irenga 60 (bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye)
• Abagore batwite (keretse urugendo mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi rutashobora kwirindwa)
• Ababyeyi bonsa
• Urugero rw'abana bari munsi y'amezi 9
• Abantu bafite allergie y'amagi (urukingo rukorerwa mu magi)

Niba uri muri kimwe muri ibi byiciro, ganira ku byago n'inyungu n'umuganga wawe. Rimwe na rimwe ibyago byo kwandura umururumba birenze ibyago by'urukingo, cyane cyane niba ugomba kujya mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi.

Amazina y'Urukingo rwa Umururumba

Urukingo rwa umururumba ruboneka ku izina rya YF-VAX muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Ubu ni rwo rukingo rukingirwa umururumba rwonyine rwemejwe kandi ruboneka muri Amerika.

YF-VAX ikorwa na Sanofi Pasteur kandi ikubiyemo ubwoko bwa 17D-204 bwa virusi y'umururumba. Ubu ni bwo bwoko bumwe bukoreshwa mu buryo butekanye mu nkingo z'umururumba ku isi hose mu myaka myinshi.

Mu bindi bihugu, ushobora guhura n'amazina atandukanye y'inkingo z'umururumba, ariko zose zikubiyemo ubwoko bumwe bwa 17D bwa virusi y'umururumba yoroshye. Inkingo zose zemewe z'umururumba zitanga uburinzi bungana ku ndwara.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza urukingo rwa umururumba

Nta nkingo zisimbura umururumba. Urukingo rwa virusi nzima, yoroshye ni rwo rukingo rukingirwa rukingirwa kwirinda kwandura umururumba.

Niba udashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa umururumba kubera impamvu z'ubuvuzi, amahitamo yawe yonyine yo kwirinda ni ukwirinda ahantu umururumba uhari cyangwa gufata ingamba zikomeye zo kwirinda kumungwa n'imibu. Izi ngamba zirimo gukoresha umuti wirukana imibu, kwambara imyenda y'amaboko maremare, no kuguma ahantu hafite ikirere cyangwa ahantu hari ibirahuri.

Ibihugu bimwe bishobora kwemera urwandiko rwo mu buvuzi rutanzwe na muganga wawe niba udashobora guhabwa urukingo kubera impamvu z'ubuzima. Ariko, ibi ntibirinda ko urwara umusonga w'umuhondo, bityo kwirinda kujya mu turere twibasiwe ni uburyo bwiza cyane niba udashobora gukingirwa.

Ese urukingo rw'umusonga w'umuhondo ruruta izindi nkingo z'urugendo?

Urukingo rw'umusonga w'umuhondo ni ingenzi mu buryo bwihariye kuko ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kwirinda umusonga w'umuhondo, kandi ibihugu byinshi birabisaba mu mategeko kugira ngo winjire. Bitandukanye n'izindi nkingo z'urugendo zirinda indwara zifite imiti iboneka, umusonga w'umuhondo nta miti yihariye ufite iyo wanduye.

Ugereranije n'izindi nkingo z'urugendo, urukingo rw'umusonga w'umuhondo rutanga ubudahangarwa buramba cyane. Mugihe inkingo nka tifoyide cyangwa hepatite A bishobora gukenera inkingo zongera gukingirwa buri myaka mike, gukingirwa umusonga w'umuhondo mubisanzwe birambana ubuzima bwose.

Urukingo rw'umusonga w'umuhondo kandi rufite akamaro kabiri - rurinda ubuzima bwawe kandi rukuzuza ibisabwa by'urugendo mpuzamahanga. Ibi bituma ari ingenzi kuruta inkingo z'urugendo zishobora guhitwamo iyo usuye ahantu habasiwe. Ariko, ntirugomba kuba "rwiza" kuruta izindi nkingo, ahubwo bitandukanye mu bisabwa no mu gihe cyo kurinda.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku rukingo rw'umusonga w'umuhondo

Ese urukingo rw'umusonga w'umuhondo rurinzwe ku bantu barwaye diyabete?

Yego, urukingo rw'umusonga w'umuhondo muri rusange rurinzwe ku bantu barwaye diyabete, igihe diyabete yabo igenzurwa neza kandi badafite izindi ndwara zangiza ubudahangarwa bwabo. Diyabete ubwayo ntibibuza guhabwa urukingo.

Ariko, niba ufite ibibazo bya diyabete bigira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bwawe, cyangwa niba ufata imiti ituma ubudahangarwa bugabanuka, ugomba kuganira ku byago n'inyungu na muganga wawe. Diyabete igenzurwa neza idafite ibibazo mubisanzwe ntigomba kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo.

Nkwiri Kora Iki Niba Mbonye Urukingo Rwinshi Rwa Mburugu?

Ntibishoboka cyane kubona urukingo rwinshi rwa mburugu, kuko rutangwa mu gipimo kimwe gipimwa. Niba waba warabonye doze nyinshi mu buryo butunganye, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya kugira ngo akugire inama.

Dozes nyinshi zishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo, nubwo ibibazo bikomeye bikiri bike. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugukurikiranira ibimenyetso bidasanzwe kandi akaguha ubufasha bukwiriye niba bibaye ngombwa. Ntukagire ubwoba, ariko jya gushaka inama z'abaganga vuba.

Nkwiri Kora Iki Niba Ntasibye Igihe cyo Gukingirwa Mburugu?

Niba wasibye igihe cyo gukingirwa mburugu, ongera uteganye vuba bishoboka, cyane cyane niba ufite gahunda zo kujya mu rugendo rwegereye. Wibuke ko ukeneye urukingo byibuze iminsi 10 mbere yo kujya mu rugendo kugira ngo ugire uburinzi bwuzuye.

Niba urugendo rwawe ruri mu minsi 10, ganira ku mahitamo yawe n'umuganga wawe. Bashobora gukomeza kugusaba urukingo kugira ngo ugire uburinzi runaka, cyangwa bagusabe gusubika urugendo mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi niba bishoboka. Urukingo rutanga uburinzi nubwo mbere y'iminsi 10 yuzuye, ariko uburinzi bwuzuye bufata igihe kugira ngo butangire.

Nshobora Kureka Guhangayika Ryerekeye Mburugu Nyuma yo Gukingirwa Ryari?

Ushobora kwifatira ko urinzwe na mburugu iminsi 10 nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo. Iki ni igihe urwego rwawe rw'ubwirinzi rwamaze igihe gihagije rwo guteza imbere uburinzi bwuzuye ku gikoko.

Uburinzi bwawe buzatinda imyaka myinshi, birashoboka ko buzamara ubuzima bwose nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwa none bubivuga. Ntugomba guhangayika ku bijyanye n'icyorezo cya mburugu umaze gukingirwa neza, nubwo ugomba gukomeza gufata ingamba z'ibanze zo kwirinda kurumwa n'imibu iyo uri mu rugendo mu turere twibasiwe.

Nshobora Kugenda Ako kanya Nyuma yo Gukingirwa Mburugu?

Urashobora gutembera ako kanya umaze guhabwa urukingo rwa malariya y'umuhondo, ariko ntuzagira uburinzi bwuzuye mu gihe cy'iminsi nka 10. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kurwara malariya y'umuhondo niba wahuye nayo muri iyo minsi 10 ya mbere.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, ni byiza guhabwa urukingo byibuze iminsi 10 mbere yo kujya ahantu harangwa malariya y'umuhondo. Niba ugomba gutembera mbere y'iyo minsi, fata ingamba zidasanzwe zo kwirinda imibu kandi umenye ko utarinda neza.