Icyo Zanamivir ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo gufata, ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Zanamivir ni umuti urwanya virusi ufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya virusi ya gripu. Ni umuti wandikirwa na muganga uza mu ifu uhumeka ukoresheje igikoresho cyihariye cyo guhumeka, bituma itandukana n'imiti myinshi ya gripu uyimira nk'ibinini.

Uyu muti ukora neza iyo utangiye kuwufata mu masaha 48 ya mbere umaze kumva ibimenyetso bya gripu. Tekereza nk'uko uha umubiri wawe ubudahangarwa inkunga ifatika iyo ukeneye cyane mu minsi ya mbere igoye yo kurwara.

Zanamivir ni iki?

Zanamivir yerekeye mu itsinda ry'imiti yitwa neuraminidase inhibitors. Iyi miti yibanda by'umwihariko kuri virusi ya gripu kandi ifasha kuyibuza gukwirakwira mu ntsinga zifite ubuzima bwiza mu mubiri wawe.

Bitandukanye n'indi miti ya gripu, zanamivir iza mu ifu yuma uhumeka ukoresheje igikoresho cyitwa Diskhaler. Ubu buryo bwo gutanga butuma umuti ugera ahantu virusi ya gripu ikunda kwororokera cyane.

Uyu muti ukora ku virusi ya influenza A na influenza B. Ariko, ntizafasha mu gukiza ibicurane bisanzwe cyangwa izindi ndwara ziterwa na virusi zitaterwa na virusi ya gripu.

Zanamivir ikoreshwa mu iki?

Zanamivir ifite intego ebyiri nyamukuru mu kuvura no gukumira gripu. Ishobora gufasha kuvura indwara ya gripu ikora kandi ikanakumira gripu mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.

Mu kuvura, abaganga bandika zanamivir iyo umaze kugira ibimenyetso bya gripu nk'umuriro, kubabara umubiri, no kunanirwa. Uyu muti ukora kugira ngo ugabanye igihe umaze urwaye kandi ushobora kugabanya ubukana bw'ibimenyetso byawe.

Mu gukumira, zanamivir ishobora gukoreshwa niba warahuye n'umuntu urwaye gripu ariko utararwara. Ibi bifasha cyane abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n'ingorane za gripu, nk'abantu bakuze cyangwa abafite indwara zidakira.

Zanamivir ikora ite?

Zanamivir ikora ibyo ikingira poroteyine yitwa neuraminidase virusi ya gripu ikeneye kugira ngo ikwirakwire mu mubiri wawe. Iyo iyi poroteyine yakingiwe, virusi zikimara gukorwa zirafatwa ntizishobore gukomeza kwandura izindi selile zifite ubuzima.

Uyu muti ufatwa nk'ukomeye ku rugero rwo hagati mu miti irwanya virusi. Ntabwo ukaze nk'ubundi buvuzi bumwe, ariko wagenewe by'umwihariko kurwanya virusi ya gripu neza iyo ukoreshejwe ku gihe.

Uyu muti ugera mu myanya y'ubuhumekero bwawe mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu guhumeka, bivuze ko ushobora gutangira gukora neza aho virusi ya gripu isanzwe itera ibibazo byinshi. Ubu buryo bwihariye bushobora kugira akamaro kurusha imiti igomba kunyura mu nzira yo mu gifu cyawe mbere.

Nkwiriye gufata Zanamivir nte?

Uzafata zanamivir ukoresheje igikoresho cyihariye cyo guhumeka cyitwa Diskhaler kiza hamwe n'umuti wawe. Urutonde rusanzwe ni guhumeka kabiri ku munsi, rimwe mu masaha 12.

Ni ngombwa gufata zanamivir ku gifu cyambaye ubusa cyangwa byibuze isaha imwe mbere yo kurya. Ibyo kurya ntibihagarika umuti, ariko kuwufata utararya birashobora kugufasha kwirinda ibibazo byo mu gifu.

Uku niko wakoresha Diskhaler yawe neza:

1. Shyira disiki irimo umuti mu gikoresho
2. Toba agashashi ukoresheje kuzamura no gukanda umupfundikizo
3. Humeka neza, hanyuma ushyire iminwa yawe ku kanwa
4. Humeka vuba kandi cyane unyuze mu kanwa kawe
5. Fata umwuka mu gihe gito, hanyuma uhumeke buhoro

Buri gihe oza umunwa wawe n'amazi nyuma ya buri dose kugira ngo wirinde kuribwa mu muhogo. Niba ukoresha izindi inhalers kubera indwara nka asima, zikoreshe mbere, hanyuma utegereze byibuze iminota 15 mbere yo gukoresha zanamivir.

Nkwiriye kumara igihe kingana iki mfata Zanamivir?

Mugihe cyo kuvura ibimenyetso bya grip, mubisanzwe uzanywa zanamivir iminsi 5. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura busanzwe butangira gukora mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, nubwo utiyumva neza ako kanya.

Niba ufata zanamivir kugirango wirinde grip nyuma yo kwandura, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira iminsi 10. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, nk'igihe cy'icyorezo cya grip mu baturage, ushobora gukenera kuyifata iminsi 28.

Ni ngombwa kurangiza umuti wose, nubwo watangira kumva umeze neza mbere yo kurangiza doze zose. Guhagarika kare bishobora gutuma virusi isubira inyuma ikongera kurwara.

Ni Iyihe Miterere Itera Zanamivir?

Abantu benshi bafata zanamivir neza, ariko nk'imiti yose, ishobora gutera ingaruka zimwe na zimwe. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka zikomeye zitaba kenshi.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo zirimo:

• Kuribwa mu muhogo cyangwa kubabara
• Gukorora cyangwa guhagarara ijwi
• Umuzigo mu mazuru
• Umutwe
• Uruzi
• Isesemi cyangwa kutumva neza mu gifu

Ibi bimenyetso mubisanzwe biroroshye kandi bikunda gukira uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti. Kwoza umunwa wawe nyuma ya buri doze birashobora kugufasha kugabanya kuribwa mu muhogo.

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zitaba kenshi zirimo ibibazo byo guhumeka cyangwa bronchospasm, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite asima cyangwa izindi ndwara z'ibihaha. Niba uhuye n'ingorane zo guhumeka, guhumeka cyane, cyangwa kubabara mu gituza, vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya.

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zitaba kenshi cyane zirimo allergie zikomeye, zishobora gutera kubyimba mu maso, iminwa, ururimi, cyangwa umuhogo, hamwe n'ingorane zo guhumeka cyangwa kumira. Izi ngaruka zisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga.

Ninde Utagomba Gufata Zanamivir?

Zanamivir ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi ibibazo by'ubuzima runaka cyangwa ibihe bituma bidakwiye gukoresha uyu muti.

Ugomba kwirinda zanamivir niba ufite allergie izwi ku muti cyangwa ibikoresho byawo byose. Abantu bafite asima ikomeye cyangwa indwara y'umwuka ituma umuntu ababara (COPD) bashobora no gukenera kuyirinda, kuko ifu ihumeka rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera ibibazo byo guhumeka.

Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 7 mubisanzwe ntibagomba gukoresha zanamivir kuko bashobora kugira ingorane zo gukoresha neza igikoresho cyo guhumeka. Uyu muti ukeneye ubufatanye bwiza n'ubuhanga bwo guhumeka kugira ngo ukore neza.

Abantu bafite indwara ikomeye y'impyiko bashobora gukenera guhindura urugero rw'umuti cyangwa ubundi buvuzi. Muganga wawe azatekereza imikorere y'impyiko zawe mugihe afata icyemezo niba zanamivir ikwiriye kuri wowe.

Niba utwite cyangwa wonka, ganira ibyago n'inyungu n'umuganga wawe. Nubwo zanamivir isa nkaho itekanye mugihe utwite, muganga wawe azashaka gupima inyungu zishoboka n'ibyago byose bishoboka.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Zanamivir

Zanamivir ikunze kuboneka munsi y'izina ry'ubwoko rya Relenza. Iri ni ryo bwoko rya mbere ushobora guhura na ryo mugihe muganga wawe yanditse uyu muti.

Relenza iza n'igikoresho cyayo cya Diskhaler n'uturindantoki tuzunguruka turimo umuti. Disiki imwe ifite doze nyinshi, kandi uzazunguruka ukajya ahantu hashya kuri buri guhumeka.

Kugeza ubu, nta bwoko bwa zanamivir buriho muri rusange mu bihugu byinshi, bityo Relenza ikomeza kuba uburyo bw'ibanze bw'uyu muti wihariye wa antiviral.

Uburyo bwa Zanamivir

Niba zanamivir itagukwiriye, indi miti myinshi ya antiviral ishobora kuvura cyangwa gukumira grip. Guhitamo biterwa n'imimerere yawe yihariye n'ibikenewe by'ubuzima.

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) birashoboka ko ari yo izwi cyane. Iza nk'ibinkomanga cyangwa amazi ufata mu kanwa, abantu bamwe babona ko byoroshye kuruta gukoresha igikoresho cyo guhumeka. Kimwe na zanamivir, ikora neza mugihe itangiye mumasaha 48 nyuma yo gutangira kwerekana ibimenyetso.

Peramiviri (Rapivab) ni ubundi buryo butangwa nk'urushinge rumwe rwo mu maraso rutangwa n'abaganga. Ibi bishobora guhitwamo ku bantu batabasha gufata imiti yo kunywa cyangwa gukoresha imiti y'umwuka neza.

Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) ni umuti mushya urwanya virusi ukora mu buryo butandukanye na zanamiviri. Ifatwa nk'urugero rumwe rwo kunywa, abantu bamwe bakunda kubera koroha.

Muganga wawe azatekereza ibintu nk'imyaka yawe, izindi ndwara, n'uburyo ushobora gukoresha neza ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti mugihe agushakira umuti mwiza urwanya virusi ukwiriye.

Ese Zanamiviri iruta Oseltamiviri?

Zanamiviri na oseltamiviri ni imiti irwanya virusi ikora neza, ariko buri imwe ifite inyungu n'ibibi bituma bikwiriye abantu batandukanye n'ibihe bitandukanye.

Zanamiviri ishobora kuba ifite akarusho gato mu bijyanye no kurwanya virusi. Ubwoko bumwe bwa gripu bwateje kurwanya oseltamiviri, ariko kurwanya zanamiviri biracyari gake. Ibi bivuze ko zanamiviri ishobora gukora neza kurwanya virusi zimwe za gripu.

Ariko, oseltamiviri akenshi iroroshye kuko iza mu buryo bw'ibinini cyangwa amazi unywa, aho gusaba igikoresho cyihariye cyo guhumeka. Ibi bituma byorohereza abana, abantu bakuze, cyangwa umuntu wese ufite ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibikoresho byo guhumeka kubikoresha neza.

Zanamiviri ikunda gutera ibibazo bike bifitanye isano n'igifu nk'isuka n'umuriro, ibyo bikunda kubaho kuri oseltamiviri. Ariko bishobora gutera kwivanga kwinshi mu myuka kubera uburyo bwo guhumeka.

Muganga wawe azahitamo umuti ukwiriye cyane kuri wowe, yitaye ku bintu nk'imyaka yawe, izindi ndwara, n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukoresha umuti neza.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Zanamiviri

Ese Zanamiviri irakwiriye abarwayi ba asima?

Zanamivir isaba kwitonda cyane ku bantu bafite asima cyangwa izindi ndwara zo mu myuka. Uyu muti utangwa mu ifu y'umwuka, rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera bronchospasm cyangwa ingorane zo guhumeka ku bantu bafite inzira z'umwuka zoroheje.

Niba ufite asima, muganga wawe azagereranya neza inyungu n'ibibazo mbere yo kugutangira zanamivir. Ushobora gukenera kugira inhaler yawe y'ubutabazi hafi yawe igihe ufata urugero rwa mbere, kandi muganga wawe ashobora kwifuza kugukurikiranira hafi.

Abantu bafite asima yoroheje, igenzurwa neza, bashobora gukoresha zanamivir mu buryo bwizewe, ariko abafite asima ikomeye cyangwa itagenzurwa neza bakenera imiti ivura gripu. Buri gihe ganira amateka yawe ya asima n'ibimenyetso byawe bya none na muganga wawe mbere yo gutangira uyu muti.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nifashishije zanamivir nyinshi ku buryo butunganye?

Niba uteye zanamivir nyinshi ku buryo butunganye, ntugire ubwoba. Gukoresha imiti myinshi ku buryo burenze urugero muri uyu muti ntibisanzwe kandi akenshi ntibitera ingaruka zikomeye.

Vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura uburozi ako kanya kugira ngo ubabwire iby'ubwo burenze urugero kandi ubone ubuyobozi bwihariye. Bashobora gushimangira gukurikiranira hafi ingaruka zikomeye zirimo kuribwa mu muhogo, inkorora, cyangwa ibibazo byo guhumeka.

Ibimenyetso byinshi byo gukoresha imiti myinshi ku buryo burenze urugero hamwe na zanamivir ni ukwiyongera kw'ingaruka zisanzwe. Ushobora guhura no kuribwa mu muhogo bikomeye, inkorora, cyangwa kutoroherwa mu guhumeka. Kunywa amazi menshi no kwirinda doze zinyongera kugeza uvuganye na muganga ni ibisanzwe.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije doze ya zanamivir?

Niba wibagiwe doze ya zanamivir, yifate vuba na bwangu uko wibuka, ariko niba hashize amasaha atarenze 4 kuva igihe cyagenwe cya doze yawe. Ibi bifasha gukomeza urwego rwawo ruringaniye mu mubiri wawe.

Niba hashize amasaha arenga 4, cyangwa niba igihe cyo gufata urundi rugero ruri hafi, reka urugero rwakabaye rufashwe, ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe yo gufata imiti. Ntukigere ufata urugero rurenze rumwe kugira ngo usimbure urugero rwatakaye.

Gerageza gutandukanya imiti isigaye uko bishoboka kose umunsi wose. Niba ugorwa kwibuka imiti, shyiraho alarme kuri terefone yawe cyangwa usabe umuntu wo mu muryango wawe kugufasha kukwibutsa. Guhora ufata imiti ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuti ukore neza ku gikoko cy’ibicurane.

Ni ryari nshobora guhagarika gufata Zanamivir?

Ugomba kurangiza umuti wa zanamivir uko byategetswe na muganga wawe, kabone niyo watangira kumva umeze neza mbere yo kurangiza imiti yose. Mu kuvura ibimenyetso by’ibicurane, ibi bikunze gufata iminsi 5 yo kuvurwa.

Guhagarika umuti kare bishobora gutuma virusi y’ibicurane yongera kwigaragaza kandi bikaba bishobora gutuma urwara. Bishobora kandi kongera ibyago byo gutuma virusi igira ubwirinzi ku muti.

Niba ubonye ingaruka zikomeye cyangwa ufite impungenge zo gukomeza gufata umuti, vugana na muganga wawe aho guhagarika ku giti cyawe. Bashobora kugufasha gupima inyungu n’ibibazo no kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ku miterere yawe yihariye.

Nshobora gufata Zanamivir hamwe n’indi miti?

Zanamivir muri rusange ntigira ingaruka nyinshi n’indi miti, ariko buri gihe ni ingenzi kubwira muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata, harimo imiti igurishwa idasabye uruhushya rwa muganga n’ibyongerera imiti.

Niba ukoresha indi miti ihumeka ku bibazo nk'umwuka mubi cyangwa COPD, uzakenera kuyitegura neza. Koresha inyunganizi zawe za bronchodilator mbere, hanyuma utegereze byibuze iminota 15 mbere yo gukoresha zanamivir kugirango wirinde ibibazo byo guhumeka.

Inkingo z’ibicurane zinyuzwa mu mazuru ntizikwiye gutangwa mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 2 mbere cyangwa amasaha 48 nyuma yo gufata zanamivir, kuko umuti urwanya virusi ushobora kubangamira imikorere y’urukingo. Muganga wawe azahuza igihe niba ukeneye ubuvuzi bwombi.