Zanamivir (inzira yo guhumeka)
Amoko ahari
Relenza
Ibyerekeye uyu muti
Zanamivir iherereye mu muryango w’imiti yitwa antiviral, ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ziterwa na virusi. Zanamivir ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara iterwa na virusi ya grippe (influenza A na influenza B). Iyi miti ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukumira no kuvura grippe ya A y’ingurube. Zanamivir ishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso bya grippe (intege nke, kubabara umutwe, umuriro, inkorora, izuru ritemba cyangwa rifunze, n’ububabare mu muhogo) mu gihe cy’iminsi 1 kugeza ku 1.5. Zanamivir ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukumira indwara ya grippe niba wahuye hafi n’umuntu urwaye grippe. Iyi miti igomba gutangira gukoreshwa mu gihe cy’iminsi 2 nyuma yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso bya grippe. Zanamivir ntizabuza kwanduza abandi virusi ya grippe. Ishobora kudakora kuri buri wese. Zanamivir ishobora kutakubereye niba urwaye cyane cyangwa ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka (urugero, asma cyangwa indwara ya pulmona iterwa no kubura umwuka). Niba wakira urukingo rwa grippe buri mwaka, komeza kubikora. Zanamivir ntisimbura urukingo rwawe rwa grippe rwa buri mwaka. Iyi miti iboneka gusa uhawe impapuro z’umuganga. Iyi miti iboneka mu buryo bukurikira:
Mbere yo gukoresha uyu muti
Mu gufata icyemezo cyo gukoresha imiti, ibyago byo gufata iyo miti bigomba guhanurwa n'akamaro izagira. Iki ni icyemezo uzatanga hamwe na muganga wawe. Kuri iyi miti, ibi bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho: Bwira muganga wawe niba wigeze ugira uburwayi budasanzwe cyangwa allergie kuri iyi miti cyangwa izindi miti. Nanone, bwira umuhanga mu by'ubuzima ufite andi moko y'allergie, nko ku biribwa, amabara, ibintu byongererwamo, cyangwa inyamaswa. Ku bicuruzwa bitagomba kuvugwa na muganga, soma witonze ibyanditse ku kinywanyi cyangwa ibintu biri mu icupa. Ubushakashatsi bukwiye ntabwo bwakozwe ku mibanire y'imyaka ku ngaruka za zanamivir mu kuvura indwara ya grippe ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka 7, no gukumira indwara ya grippe ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka 5. Ubuziranenge n'ingaruka nziza ntibyarangiye muri ibyo byiciro by'imyaka. Menya: iyi miti iboneka muri Canada. Ntibyemerwa ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka 12. Ubushakashatsi bukwiye bwakozwe kugeza ubu ntabwo bwerekanye ibibazo byihariye by'abakuze byagabanya ingaruka za zanamivir ku bakuze. Ariko kandi, abarwayi bakuze bashobora kuba bafite ubushobozi bwo kwakira iyi miti kurusha abantu bakuze, bishobora gusaba ubwitonzi ku barwayi bafata zanamivir. Nta bushakashatsi buhagije ku bagore bwo kumenya ibyago by'uruhinja mu gihe bakoresha iyi miti mu gihe cyo konsa. Pima inyungu zishoboka ugereranije n'ibyago bishoboka mbere yo gufata iyi miti mu gihe cyo konsa. Nubwo imiti imwe n'imwe idakwiye gukoreshwa hamwe na gato, mu bindi bihe imiti ibiri itandukanye ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe nubwo hariho ishobora kubaho. Muri ubwo buryo, muganga wawe ashobora kwifuza guhindura umwanya, cyangwa izindi ngamba zishobora kuba ngombwa. Bwira umuhanga mu by'ubuzima ufite indi miti y'amabwiriza cyangwa itatavugwa na muganga (over-the-counter [OTC]). Imiti imwe n'imwe ntikwiye gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo kurya cyangwa hafi yacyo, cyangwa kurya imirire imwe n'imwe kuko ishobora kubaho. Gukoresha inzoga cyangwa itabi hamwe n'imiti imwe nabyo bishobora gutera ishobora kubaho. Gabagana n'umuhanga mu by'ubuzima wawe gukoresha imiti yawe hamwe n'ibiribwa, inzoga, cyangwa itabi. Kuba hari ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ry'iyi miti. Menya neza kubwira muganga wawe niba ufite ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima, cyane cyane:
Uburyo bwo gukoresha uyu muti
Ganira muganga wawe ku bijyanye no gukingirwa icyorezo cya grippe niba utarakingirwa. Iyi miti ikora neza iyo ikoreshejwe vuba bishoboka nyuma yo kwandura abantu barwaye grippe. Niba umaze kwandura grippe, komeza ukoreshe iyi miti igihe cyose cyo kuvurwa, nubwo waba watangiye kumva umeze neza nyuma y'iminsi mike. Bizafasha gukuraho burundu ubwandu bwawe. Niba uhagaritse gukoresha iyi miti vuba cyane, ibimenyetso byawe bishobora kugaruka. Iyi miti igomba gufatwa iminsi 5. Zanamivir ihumekwa igomba gukoreshwa gusa hamwe na inhaler yihariye (Diskhaler®). Ntukavange iyi miti n'izindi. Ntukore iyi miti muri nebulizer cyangwa mu muyoboro w'imashini. Iyi miti isanzwe iboneka hamwe n'amabwiriza y'abarwayi. Soma neza mbere yo kuyikoresha. Niba utumva amabwiriza cyangwa niba utari uhamya uko wakoresha inhaler, saba muganga wawe kukwereka uko uyikoresha. Kugira ngo ushyiremo imiti muri inhaler: Gukoresha inhaler: Niba kandi ukoresha indi miti ihumekwa yo kwagura umuyoboro w'ubuhumekero (urugero, albuterol, Atrovent®, Combivent®, cyangwa Serevent®), ikoresha mbere yo gukoresha zanamivir. Igipimo cyiyi miti kizaba kitandukanye ku barwayi batandukanye. Kurikiza amabwiriza y'umuganga wawe cyangwa amabwiriza ari ku gipfunyika. Amakuru akurikira arimo gusa ibipimo by'iyi miti. Niba igipimo cyawe kitandukanye, ntukiguhindura keretse muganga wawe akubwiye kubikora. Ingano y'imiti ufata iterwa n'imbaraga z'imiti. Nanone, umubare w'ibipimo ufata buri munsi, igihe cyemererwa hagati y'ibipimo, n'igihe ufata iyi miti biterwa n'ikibazo cy'ubuzima uri kuvura. Niba ubuze igipimo cyiyi miti, gifate vuba bishoboka. Ariko, niba hafi igihe cyo gufata igipimo cyawe gikurikira, sipa igipimo wabuze kandi usubire ku gahunda yawe isanzwe yo gufata imiti. Ntukarebe ibipimo bibiri. Niba ubuze igipimo cyangwa ukibagirwa kukoresha, gikoresha vuba bishoboka, keretse niba hasigaye igihe kitageze ku masaha 2 mbere y'igipimo cyawe gikurikira. Koresha igipimo cyawe gikurikira mu gihe gisanzwe. Ntukore imiti y'inyongera kugira ngo ubone igipimo wabuze. Komereza imiti mu icupa ry'aluminiyumu kugeza ubwo ugiye kuyikoresha. Ibika ahantu hashyushye, kure y'ubushyuhe n'izuba ry'izuba. Ntukabikoneze. Komereza kure y'abana. Ntukomeze imiti ishaje cyangwa imiti idakenewe ukundi. Baza umwuga w'ubuzima uko wakwirukana imiti iyo ari yo yose ukoresha.
Umuhakana: Kanama ni urubuga rw'amakuru y'ubuzima kandi ibisubizo byayo ntibigize inama z'ubuvuzi. Jya ubona umuganga ufite uruhushya rwo gukorera hafi yawe mbere yo gukora impinduka izo ari zo zose.