Urushinge rwa Zoster (Shingrix): Ibyo rukora, Uburyo bwo kurufata, Ingaruka, n'ibindi

Urushinge rwa zoster, ruzwi cyane nka Shingrix, ni urushinge rukora neza cyane rukurinda indwara ya shingles n'ibiyikomokaho. Uru rushinge rukoresha agace gato ka virusi ya varicella-zoster ruhujwe n'ikintu cyongera imbaraga z'umubiri, kugira ngo rufashe umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya virusi itera shingles.

Niba ufite imyaka irenga 50 cyangwa ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe zica intege ubudahangarwa bwawe, uru rushinge rushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara shingles ku kigereranyo kirenga 90%. Rufatwa nk'urushinge rukora neza cyane ruriho ubu mu kurinda iyi ndwara ibabaza.

Urushinge rwa Zoster (Shingrix) ni iki?

Shingrix ni urushinge rukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya, ruzuzwa ibintu byongera imbaraga z'umubiri, rwateguriwe by'umwihariko kurinda shingles (herpes zoster) n'ibiyikomokaho. Bitandukanye n'urushinge rukoresha virusi nzima, uru rushinge rukubiyemo proteyine ntoya gusa ya virusi ya varicella-zoster, atari virusi nzima ubwayo.

Urushinge rukubiyemo ikintu cyongera imbaraga z'umubiri cyitwa AS01B, gikora nk'umufasha utuma umubiri wawe usubiza vuba ku rushinge. Uku guhuza bituma umubiri ugira ubudahangarwa bukomeye bushobora kukurinda imyaka myinshi, ndetse n'igihe ubudahangarwa bwawe bugenda bucika intege uko ushaje.

Urushinge rutangwa mu nshinge mu gice cyo hejuru cy'ukuboko kwawe kandi bisaba doze ebyiri ziteranwa intera ya 2-6 amezi kugira ngo urindwe neza.

Urushinge rwa Zoster rukoreshwa mu iki?

Intego nyamukuru ya Shingrix ni ukurinda shingles, indwara ibabaza y'uruhu iterwa iyo virusi y'umutwe yongeye gukanguka mu mubiri wawe. Urushinge rutegetswe ku bantu bakuru bafite imyaka 50 n'abarenzeho, hatitawe niba bibuka ko barwaye umutwe.

Uretse gukumira ishingura ubwaryo, urukingo rurinda kandi indwara ya postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), indwara ikomeye aho ububabare bwo mu ntsinga bukomeza nyuma yuko ibibara bya ishingura bishize. Iyi ndwara idakira ishobora kumara amezi cyangwa imyaka, igira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho yawe.

Urukingo rwanasabwa ku bantu bakuru bafite imyaka 19 n'abarenze bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza kubera indwara nka SIDA, imiti ivura kanseri, cyangwa kwimurwa kw'ingingo. N'iyo waba waragize ishingura mbere, urukingo rushobora gufasha gukumira ibindi bihe bizaza.

Urukingo rwa Zoster rukora gute?

Shingrix ikora yigisha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya virusi ya varicella-zoster neza. Urukingo rukubiyemo poroteyine yihariye (glycoprotein E) ituruka kuri virusi umubiri wawe wigira kumenya nk'ikintu cy'amahanga.

Iyo ihujwe na adjuvant AS01B, iyi poroteyine itera igisubizo gikomeye cy'ubudahangarwa burimo imisemburo yombi na T-cells. Ubu burinzi bubiri ni ingenzi cyane kuko ubudahangarwa bwa T-cell bukunda kugabanuka uko umuntu asaza, ni yo mpamvu abantu bakuze bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ishingura.

Urukingo rufatwa nk'urukomeye cyane kandi rugira akamaro, rutanga uburinzi burenze 90% ku ishingura mu bigeragezo by'ubuvuzi. Uburinzi buguma hejuru kabone n'iyo ku bantu bafite imyaka irenga 70, bituma rugira akamaro cyane kurusha urukingo rwa kera rwa zoster rutagikoreshwa.

Nkwiriye gufata urukingo rwa Zoster gute?

Shingrix itangwa nk'urushinge mu mutsi wo mu kaboko kawe k'igice cyo hejuru n'umuganga. Ntabwo ukeneye kurufata hamwe n'ibiryo cyangwa amazi kuko ari urushinge, ntabwo ari umuti unywa.

Uzakenera doze ebyiri z'urukingo, doze ya kabiri itangwa nyuma y'amezi 2-6 nyuma ya doze ya mbere. Ni ingenzi kurangiza doze zombi kugirango wemeze uburinzi bwuzuye. Niba utegereje igihe kirekire kirenze amezi 6 hagati ya doze, ntugomba gutangira urukurikirane - fata doze yawe ya kabiri vuba bishoboka.

Mbere yo guhura na muganga wawe, wambare ishati ifite amaboko ashobora kuzamurwa byoroshye. Urashobora kurya uko bisanzwe mbere na nyuma yo gukingirwa, kandi nta mbogamizi zidasanzwe zifitanye isano n'uru rukingo.

Nzamara Igihe Kingana Gite Nkingirwa Urwo Rukingo rwa Zoster?

Uru rukingo rwa zoster ni urukurikirane rw'ibipimo bibiri urangiza mu mezi menshi, ntabwo ari umuti ukoresha buri munsi. Umaze guhabwa ibipimo byombi, ufatwa nk'uwakingiwe neza indwara ya shingles.

Ubushakashatsi buriho bwerekana ko kurengerwa na Shingrix bikomeza kuba bikomeye byibuze imyaka 7 nyuma yo gukingirwa. Ibizamini biracyakorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza igihe ubudahangarwa bumara, ariko birashoboka ko utazakenera inkingo zongera mu myaka myinshi, niba na rimwe.

Bitandukanye n'inkingo zimwe na zimwe zisaba inkingo zongera buri mwaka, igisubizo gikomeye cy'ubudahangarwa gitegurwa na Shingrix kigaragara ko gitanga kurengerwa kurambye. Muganga wawe azagutegereza ku bijyanye n'ibitekerezo by'ahazaza by'inkingo zongera uko ubushakashatsi bwinshi buza.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara Nyuma yo Gukingirwa Urwo Rukingo rwa Zoster?

Abantu benshi bahura n'ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zoroheje kugeza ku ziciriritse nyuma yo guhabwa Shingrix, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko ubudahangarwa bwawe bwakiriye neza urukingo. Izi ngaruka zikunze kumara iminsi 2-3 kandi zikunze gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe imiti igurishwa itagomba uruhushya rwa muganga.

Dore ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo, hafi mu buryo bukurikira:

• Urubavu, umutuku, cyangwa kubyimba ahaterwa urukingo (bigira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 8 kuri 10)
• Uburibwe bw'imitsi no kunanirwa (bigira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 4-5 kuri 10)
• Umutwe (bigira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 4 kuri 10)
• Urubavu n'ubukonje (bigira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 2-3 kuri 10)
• Isesemi no kuribwa mu nda (bigira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 1-2 kuri 10)

Ibi byiyumvo bikunze kuba bikomeye nyuma yo guterwa urukingo rwa kabiri kandi bikunda kugaragara cyane ku bantu bakiri bato. Nubwo bitaryoshye, ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko umubiri wawe wikingira indwara ya shingles.

Ingaruka zikomeye ni gake ariko zishobora kwerekanamo ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri bikabije. Niba wumva ugorwa no guhumeka, kubyimba mu maso cyangwa mu muhogo, cyangwa ibiheri bikabije, genda kwa muganga ako kanya. Abantu bamwe bashobora kandi kugira imvune y'urutugu ijyanye no guterwa urukingo (SIRVA), nubwo ibi bidakunze kubaho iyo urukingo rutewe neza.

Ninde utagomba guhabwa urukingo rwa Zoster?

Abantu bakuru benshi bashobora guhabwa Shingrix mu buryo butekanye, ariko hariho ibintu by'ingenzi byagombye kwitonderwa. Ntugomba guhabwa uru rukingo niba waragize ibimenyetso bikabije byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri ku kintu icyo aricyo cyose kigize urukingo cyangwa ku rindi dose rya Shingrix.

Ugomba kandi kwirinda urukingo niba urwaye indwara yo hagati cyangwa ikomeye irimo umuriro. Nubwo ibicurane bito bitazabuza guterwa urukingo, ni byiza gutegereza kugeza wumva umeze neza kugirango wemeze neza ingaruka zose ziterwa n'urukingo.

Niba utwite cyangwa wonka, ugomba gutegereza guhabwa Shingrix kugeza igihe cyo gutwita no konsa kirangiye. Nubwo nta bimenyetso by'uburwayi, nta makuru ahagije y'umutekano ku bagore batwite yo gusaba gukoresha buri gihe.

Abantu bafata imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya cyane ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bagomba kuganira n'abaganga babo ku gihe cyo kuyifata. Nubwo urukingo rwemewe ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke, muganga wawe ashobora gushaka guhindura igihe cyo kuyifata bitewe n'uburyo bwawe bwihariye bwo kuvurwa.

Amazina y'ubwoko bw'urukingo rwa Zoster

Shingrix ni izina ry'ubwoko bw'urukingo rwa zoster rukorwa na GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). Ubu ni rwo rukingo rwa zoster rukoreshwa na CDC ku bantu bakuru bafite imyaka 50 n'abarenzeho.

Ushobora kandi kumva kuri Zostavax, urukingo rwa kera rwa zoster ruzima, ariko ntirukiboneka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika kuva mu 2020. Niba warahawe Zostavax mu gihe gishize, ugomba guhabwa Shingrix kugira ngo urindwe neza.

Mugihe utegura gahunda yawe, usaba gusa "urukingo rwa shingles" cyangwa "Shingrix" - abaganga bazamenya neza icyo uvuga. Amavuriro menshi, ibiro by'abaganga, n'amavuriro y'ubuzima afite uru rukingo.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza urukingo rwa Zoster

Ubu, nta rukingo rindi rwo gusimbuza Shingrix mu kurwanya shingles. Shingrix nicyo rukingo rukoreshwa kandi rukaba rwemewe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika kuva Zostavax yahagarikwa.

Niba udashobora guhabwa Shingrix kubera allergie cyangwa izindi mpamvu z'ubuvuzi, nta zindi nkingo zishobora gutangwa. Ariko, niba urwaye shingles, imiti irwanya virusi nka acyclovir, valacyclovir, cyangwa famciclovir ishobora gufasha kugabanya ubukana n'igihe cy'ibimenyetso mugihe itangiye kare.

Abantu bamwe bibaza kubyerekeye ibindi bisubizo bisanzwe cyangwa ibyongerera imbaraga, ariko nta bicuruzwa bisanzwe byagaragaye ko birinda shingles hamwe nubushobozi bungana na Shingrix. Kugumana ubuzima bwiza muri rusange, gucunga umunaniro, no gusinzira bihagije bishobora gushyigikira urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa, ariko ibi bikorwa byonyine ntibishobora gutanga uburinzi bwihariye urukingo rutanga.

Ese Shingrix iruta Zostavax?

Yego, Shingrix iruta cyane urukingo rwa kera rwa Zostavax. Mugihe Zostavax yatanze uburinzi bugera kuri 50% kurwanya shingles kubantu bafite imyaka 60-69, Shingrix itanga uburinzi burenga 90% mubyiciro byose byimyaka, harimo nabafite imyaka irenga 70.

Shingrix kandi itanga uburinzi bwiza kurwanya postherpetic neuralgia, indwara y'uburibwe burambye bushobora gukurikira shingles. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko Shingrix igabanya ibyago bya PHN birenga 90%, ugereranije no kugabanya hafi 67% hamwe na Zostavax.

Uburinzi butangwa na Shingrix buramba kandi. Mu gihe imikorere ya Zostavax yagabanukaga cyane nyuma y'imyaka 5, Shingrix ikomeza kugira imikorere myiza mu gihe cy'imyaka 7 nibura, ndetse birashoboka ko birenzeho. Ubu burinzi bwiza kandi buramba ni cyo gituma inzego z'ubuzima zasimbuje Zostavax na Shingrix.

N'ubwo waba warahawe Zostavax mbere, ugomba guhabwa Shingrix kugira ngo urindwe neza. Ushobora guhabwa Shingrix igihe icyo aricyo cyose umaze guhabwa Zostavax – nta gihe cyo gutegereza gitegetswe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye na urukingo rwa Zoster

Ese Shingrix irinzwe ku bantu barwaye diyabete?

Yego, Shingrix irinzwe kandi ni ingenzi cyane ku bantu barwaye diyabete. Diyabete ishobora kunaniza ubudahangarwa bwawe, bigatuma wibasirwa cyane na shingles n'ingaruka zayo.

Abantu barwaye diyabete baramutse barwaye shingles, bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye kandi bagakira bitinda. Urukingo rutanga uburinzi bwiza ku bantu barwaye diyabete kimwe n'abatarwaye, bigatuma urukingo ruba uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda. Urwego rw'isukari mu maraso yawe ntirwagombye guhinduka cyane bitewe n'urukingo, nubwo wenda wifuza kurukurikiranira hafi mu minsi mike umaze guhabwa urukingo niba usanzwe ufite uburyo bwo kugenzura neza urugero rwa glucose.

Ninkora iki niba mbonye doze nyinshi za Shingrix ku buryo butunguranye?

Niba ubonye doze y'inyongera ya Shingrix ku buryo butunguranye, ntugahagarike – ibi ntibizatera ingaruka zikomeye. Vugana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo umubwire kuri iyo doze y'inyongera kandi muganire ku mpungenge zose.

Ushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kurusha uko byari bisanzwe, nk'ububabare bwinshi ahantu batera urukingo cyangwa ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwandura nk'ibicurane. Ibi bigomba gukira mu minsi mike. Kora urutonde rw'igihe wahawe doze yose kugira ngo wemeze ko habaye intera ikwiye y'inkingo zizaza. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba hari impinduka zikenewe ku ngengabihe yawe y'inkingo.

Ninkora iki niba ntasibye doze ya kabiri ya Shingrix?

Niba wareranywe urukingo rwa kabiri rwa Shingrix, urutegure vuba bishoboka. Ntabwo ukeneye gutangira urukurikirane - fata urukingo rwa kabiri igihe cyose ushoboye, kabone niyo byaba byarenze amezi 6 uhereye ku rukingo rwa mbere.

Mugihe intera isabwa ari amezi 2-6 hagati y'inkingo, guhabwa urukingo rwa kabiri nyuma yuko byateganyijwe ntizagabanya imikorere yayo. Sisitemu yawe y'umubiri iracyasubiza neza ku rukingo rwa kabiri rutinze. Ariko, ntuzagira uburinzi bwuzuye kuri shingles kugeza urangije inkingo zombi, bityo ntutinde bitari ngombwa.

Ni ryari nshobora kureka guhangayika kuri Shingles nyuma yo guhabwa Shingrix?

Ushobora kumva ufite icyizere cyo kurinda shingles hafi y'ibyumweru 2-4 nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa kabiri rwa Shingrix. Iki nicyo gihe sisitemu yawe y'umubiri yitabiriye urukingo rwuzuye kandi yubatse uburinzi bwuzuye.

Urukingo rutanga uburinzi burenze 90%, bivuze ko ibyago byo kurwara shingles bigabanuka cyane. Ariko, wibuke ko nta rukingo rufite 100% y'imikorere, bityo amahirwe make yo kurwara shingles aracyahari. Niba urwaye shingles nyuma yo gukingirwa, birashoboka ko bizaba byoroshye kandi bigufi kuruta uko byari kuba bitarakingirwa.

Nshobora guhabwa Shingrix niba mfata imiti ituma amaraso ataguma?

Yego, urashobora guhabwa Shingrix neza niba ufata imiti ituma amaraso ataguma nka warfarin, apixaban, cyangwa aspirine. Urukingo rutangwa nk'urushinge rwinjizwa mu mikaya, kandi mugihe hashobora kubaho gusa gusa gusa ahantu batera urushinge, ibi ntibiteje akaga.

Menyesha umuganga wawe imiti ufata ituma amaraso ataguma mbere yo gukingirwa. Barashobora gushyira igitutu ahantu batera urushinge igihe gito kirenze uko bisanzwe kugirango bagabanye gukomeretsa. Inyungu zo kwirinda shingles ziruta cyane ibyago bito byo kwiyongera gukomeretsa, cyane cyane ko abantu bafata imiti ituma amaraso ataguma bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n'ingorane za shingles.