Ni iki cyitwa gukara kw'ibere? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, & Ubuvuzi bwo mu rugo

Gukara kw'ibere ni utuntu duto twa kalisiyumu tugaragara nk'utudomo twera duto kuri mamogramu. Bikunze kuboneka cyane kandi biboneka ku bagore hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri bafite imyaka irenga 50, nubwo bishobora kubaho ku myaka iyo ari yo yose.

Bitekereze nk'utuntu duto tw'ibumba dukora mu buryo busanzwe mu gice cy'ibere uko igihe kigenda. Gukara kenshi ntigutera ingaruka kandi ntigusaba ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose. Ariko, uburyo bumwe na bumwe bushobora gukenera gukurikiranwa hafi kugirango umenye neza ko ubuzima bw'ibere ryawe bugenda neza.

Ni iki gukara kw'ibere aricyo?

Gukara kw'ibere ni ibintu bya minerale bikora mu buryo busanzwe mu gice cy'ibere ryawe. Bikozwe na kalisiyumu fosifati cyangwa kalisiyumu okisalate, ibintu bimwe bivumburwa mu magufa n'amenyo.

Utu tuntu duto dukora iyo kalisiyumu yiyongereye ahantu aho uturemangingo twapfuye cyangwa aho habayeho kubyimba. Umubiri wawe urabikora nk'igice cy'inzira yayo isanzwe yo gukira, nk'uko igikomere gikora uruhu ruzitira.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi abaganga bareba. Makrokalisifike ni ibintu binini, bikomeye bikunda kugaragaza impinduka nziza (zitari kanseri). Mikrokalisifike ni ibintu bito, byiza bikunze kutabangamira ariko rimwe na rimwe bikenera isuzuma riri hafi.

Gukara kw'ibere kumera gute?

Gukara kw'ibere muri rusange ntigutera ibimenyetso byose byumvikana. Ntabwo uzabona ibibyimba, ububabare, cyangwa impinduka mu isura y'ibere ryawe biturutse ku gukara gusa.

Abagore benshi bavumbura ko bafite gukara gusa iyo bigaragaye kuri mamogramu isanzwe. Ibintu bya kalisiyumu ni bito cyane ku buryo bitagaragara mugihe cyo kwisuzuma ibere cyangwa ndetse no mugihe cyo gusuzuma ibere ry'abaganga.

Niba urimo guhura n'ububabare bw'ibere, ibibyimba, cyangwa izindi mpinduka, ibi bimenyetso birashoboka ko bitajyanye no gukara. Muganga wawe azashaka gusuzuma ibi bibazo ukwabo kugirango amenye impamvu yabyo.

Ni iki gitera imyunyungugu mu ibere?

Imyunyungugu mu ibere iterwa n'inzira zitandukanye zisanzwe mu mubiri wawe. Kumva ibitera ibi bishobora kugufasha kumenya neza ibyerekeye iki kintu gisanzwe.

Impamvu zisanzwe zitera imyunyungugu zirimo:

• Gusaza bisanzwe uko imiterere y'ibere ihinduka uko igihe gihita
• Ubukomere bwabayeho ku ibere cyangwa ibikomere byakize
• Indwara za kera mu gice cy'ibere
• Indwara z'ibere zitari kanseri nka fibroadenomas cyangwa ibibyimba
• Kubagwa mu ibere kwabayeho mbere cyangwa kubaga kugira ngo hakorwe biopsy
• Impinduka mu miyoboro ijyana amata zifitanye isano no konsa cyangwa impinduka za hormone
• Indwara z'uruhu cyangwa imiti yatewe mu gatuza mbere

Mu buryo butajegajega, imyunyungugu ishobora kwibumbira ahantu hari impinduka za selile zikeneye gukurikiranwa. Ibi birimo indwara nka ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cyangwa, rimwe na rimwe, kanseri y'ibere yateye.

Uburyo ubaho ntibugira uruhare rutaziguye mu gutera imyunyungugu mu ibere. Gufata imiti yongera kalisiyumu cyangwa kurya ibiryo birimo kalisiyumu ntibizongera ibyago byo kuyigira.

Ibyo imyunyungugu mu ibere igaragaza cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'iki?

Imyunyungugu myinshi mu ibere igaragaza impinduka zidakurikiranwa mu gice cy'ibere ryawe. Hafi 80% by'imyunyungugu bigaragaza gusaza bisanzwe cyangwa inzira yo gukira itagira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe.

Indwara zisanzwe zitari kanseri zifitanye isano n'imyunyungugu zirimo:

• Impinduka za fibrocystic mu ibere (amabere yuzuye ibibyimba, araryana)
• Fibroadenomas (ibibyimba bikomeye, bitari kanseri)
• Fat necrosis (igice cy'ibice byangiritse, akenshi biterwa n'imvune)
• Ductal ectasia (imiyoboro y'amata yagutse)
• Sclerosing adenosis (imikurire y'ibice byinshi mu gice cy'ibere)
• Mastitis yabayeho mbere (indwara y'ibere)

Rimwe na rimwe, uburyo bumwe na bumwe bw'imyunyungugu mito bushobora kugaragaza impinduka ziri hafi ya kanseri nka atypical ductal hyperplasia cyangwa ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Rimwe na rimwe, bishobora gufitanye isano na kanseri y'ibere yateye.

Umu radiologiste wawe azasesengura neza ubunini, imiterere, n'uko imyunyu ngugu y'amabere ikwirakwira kugira ngo amenye niba bigaragaza impinduka zisanzwe cyangwa niba hakenewe isuzuma ryimbitse. Uburyo n'ukwibumbira ry'imyunyu ngugu y'amabere bifite agaciro kurusha uko ihari gusa.

Ese imyunyu ngugu y'amabere irashobora kuzimira yonyine?

Imyunyu ngugu y'amabere mubisanzwe ntizimira iyo imaze kuremwa. Ni ibintu bihoraho biguma bihamye uko igihe kigenda, nk'uko imyunyu ngugu ya kalisiyumu mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe.

Ariko, imyunyu ngugu y'amabere ntikura cyangwa ngo ikwire nk'uko icyorezo cyakora. Zirahari gusa, mubisanzwe ntizitera ibibazo kandi ntizisaba kuvurwa.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, imyunyu ngugu y'amabere irashobora kugaragara itagaragara cyane kuri mammogram zikurikira kubera impamvu z'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa impinduka mu gice cy'amabere. Muganga wawe azakurikiza impinduka zose mugihe cyo gupima mammogram zisanzwe.

Ni gute imyunyu ngugu y'amabere ivurwa murugo?

Imyunyu ngugu y'amabere ntisaba kuvurwa murugo kuko atari indwara ikeneye

Udufuka twinshi twa mu ibere ntihakenewe kuvurwa. Muganga wawe ashobora gusaba gukomeza gukoresha mammogram buri gihe kugira ngo ubagenzure uko iminsi igenda.

Niba udufuka twawe dufite isura iteye impungenge, muganga wawe ashobora gutanga ibindi bisuzumwa. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo gukoresha mammogram yongereye ubushobozi cyangwa MRI y'ibere kugira ngo abone ishusho isobanutse y'udufuka.

Iyo udufuka bigaragara ko biteye impungenge, muganga wawe ashobora gusaba kubaga ibere hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa stereotactic. Muri ubu buryo, icyitegererezo gito cy'umubiri gifatwa mu gace karimo udufuka kugira ngo kigenzurwe hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi.

Niba biopsy igaragaje impinduka ziteye ubwoba nka DCIS, uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba harimo gukuraho igice cyagizweho ingaruka cyangwa gukurikiranwa hafi. Umuganga wawe w'indwara z'umwijima azaganira ku buryo bwiza bushingiye ku miterere yawe n'ibyo ukunda.

Ku dufuka tudafite ubwoba, nta kuvurwa bikenewe uretse gukurikiranwa na mammogram buri gihe. Muganga wawe azashyiraho gahunda yo kugenzura ikwiriye imiterere yawe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona muganga kubera udufuka tw'ibere?

Ukwiye gukurikiranwa na muganga wawe niba udufuka dusanzwe kuri mammogram yawe. Nubwo twinshi ari byiza, ni ngombwa ko bisuzumwa neza kandi bigashyirwa mu byiciro.

Teganya gahunda niba ubonye impinduka nshya mu ibere ryawe, harimo:

• Uduce dushya cyangwa gukomera mu ibere ryawe cyangwa mu gace ko mu kwaha
• Impinduka mu bunini cyangwa imiterere y'ibere
• Amavuta ava mu konje atari amata
• Impinduka z'uruhu nk'ukwihisha, gukorana, cyangwa gutukura
• Urubavu rurambye rw'ibere mu gace kamwe
• Umunwa w'ibere uhindukira imbere igihe kitariho mbere

Vugana na muganga wawe niba ufite amateka y'umuryango w'indwara ya kanseri y'ibere cyangwa y'intanga ngore kandi ufite impungenge kubera udufuka twawe. Bashobora gusaba inama z'imibereho cyangwa uburyo bwo gupima bwongerewe.

Ntugatezere gutegereza gushaka ubufasha bw'abaganga niba wumva ufite impungenge ku bijyanye n'ibibara byawe. Umuganga wawe ashobora gutanga ihumure ryihariye kandi agashyiraho gahunda yo kugenzura iguha amahoro mu mutwe.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ibibara mu mabere?

Imyaka ni kimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ibibara mu mabere. Bigenda byiyongera uko ugenda usaza, aho abagore benshi bagira ibibara runaka bageze mu myaka 60.

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira ibibara:

• Ubukomere cyangwa imvune mu ibere ryabayeho mbere
• Amateka y'indwara z'amabere cyangwa mastitis
• Kubagwa mu mabere cyangwa kubaga ibice by'amabere byabayeho mbere
• Ubuvuzi bwo gukoresha imirasire mu gatuza
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amabere zitari mbi
• Impinduka za hormone mu gihe cyo gucura

Kugira urugingo rw'ibere ruzitanye ntibitera ibibara mu buryo butaziguye, ariko bishobora gutuma bigaragara cyane kuri mammogram. Abagore bafite amabere azitanye bashobora gukenera uburyo bwo gupima bwongereweho kugira ngo basuzume neza ibibara.

Indwara zidakunze kuboneka zishingiye ku mikorere ya genetike zishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibara, ariko ibi bintu ntibisanzwe. Muganga wawe azatekereza ku bintu byawe byihariye byongera ibyago igihe asobanura ibisubizo bya mammogram yawe.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibibara mu mabere?

Ibibara byinshi byo mu mabere ntibitera ingaruka zose. Ni ibintu bishyize hamwe bitagenda bikura, bikwirakwira, cyangwa ngo bibangamire imikorere y'ibere.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko uburyo bumwe na bumwe bw'ibibara bushobora kugaragaza ahantu hakeneye kugenzurwa hafi. Ibi bishobora gutuma hakorwa isuzuma ryongereweho, kubaga ibice by'amabere, cyangwa mammogram ikorwa kenshi kurusha uko bisanzwe bikorwa.

Mu buryo butazwi, ibibara bishobora guhuzwa n'impinduka ziri hafi ya kanseri cyangwa kanseri y'ibere yo mu ntangiriro. Ariko, kubona izi mpinduka hakiri kare binyuze mu isuzuma rya mammogram mu by'ukuri bituma imikorere y'ubuvuzi igenda neza cyane.

Kugira impungenge ku bijyanye no kuboneka kwa calcifications bishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye ku bagore benshi. Bisanzwe rwose kumva ufite impungenge iyo wumvise ibyavuye mu isuzuma rya mammogram bitari bisanzwe, kabone n'iyo bishoboka ko ari byiza.

Abagore bamwe barwara amabere cyangwa kumva ababara hafi y'igihe cyo gukora mammograms cyangwa biopsies, ariko ibi bikunze gukira vuba. Calcifications ubwazo ntizitera ububabare burambye cyangwa kutumva neza.

Ese calcifications zo mu ibere ni nziza cyangwa mbi ku buzima bw'ibere?

Calcifications zo mu ibere muri rusange ntacyo zikora ku buzima bw'ibere ryawe. Ntabwo ari nziza cyangwa mbi, ahubwo ni ibintu bisanzwe bigaragaza impinduka zisanzwe mu gice cy'ibere uko imyaka igenda yiyongera.

Calcifications nyinshi zigaragaza ko igice cy'ibere ryawe gisubiza mu buryo busanzwe ku gusaza, ibikomere byabayeho mbere, cyangwa ibintu byiza. Ntizongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere mu gihe kizaza.

Mu buryo bumwe, kugira calcifications birashobora kuba byiza kuko bituma mammograms yawe yoroha gusoma. Zikora nk'ahantu hasobanutse hafasha abaganga b'indwara z'amabere kumenya impinduka nshya mu gice cy'ibere ryawe.

Inyungu nyamukuru ni uko calcifications zigaragara kuri mammograms, bigatuma bimenyekana hakiri kare niba hari impinduka ziteye impungenge zigaragaye. Ubu bushobozi bwo kumenya hakiri kare ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi mu kurinda ubuzima bw'ibere.

Ni iki calcifications zo mu ibere zishobora kwitiranywa na cyo?

Calcifications zo mu ibere zigaragara mu buryo bwihariye kuri mammograms abaganga b'indwara z'amabere bafite uburambe bashobora kumenya byoroshye. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe zivangirwa n'ibindi bintu, cyane cyane n'abantu bareba amashusho yabo.

Igice cy'ibere gifite ubucucike bushobora kugaragara nk'umweru kuri mammograms, kimwe na calcifications. Ariko, igice gifite ubucucike gifite uburyo butandukanye n'imiterere abaganga b'indwara z'amabere bashobora gutandukanya n'ibice bya kalisiyumu.

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gushushanya amashusho yo mu gihe cyashize bishobora gusiga ibisigazwa bishobora kwitiranywa n'amabuye. Umuganga wawe w'indwara z'amashusho azasuzuma amateka yawe y'amashusho kugira ngo yite ku buryo bushoboka.

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kwisiga, ifu, cyangwa amavuta bishobora guteza amabara yera kuri mammogram ashobora kubanza kugaragara nk'amabuye. Iyi niyo mpamvu usabwa kwirinda ibi bikoresho mbere ya mammogram yawe.

Ibindi bintu byiza nk'ibibumbe bya fibroadenomas cyangwa imitsi ya lymph, bishobora kugira amabuye muri byo, ariko ibi bifite imiterere yihariye ifasha abaganga b'indwara z'amashusho gukora isuzuma ryiza.

Ibikoresho bikunze kubazwa ku mabuye yo mu ibere

Q1: Ese amabuye yo mu ibere asobanura ko mfite kanseri?

Oya, amabuye yo mu ibere ntashaka ko ufite kanseri. Hafi 80% by'amabuye ni byiza rwose kandi bigaragaza impinduka zisanzwe mu gice cy'ibere. N'iyo amabuye afite ibintu bikekwa, inyinshi muri biopsies ziracyagaruka zerekana ibisubizo byiza.

Q2: Ese ngomba guhagarika gufata ibiyobyabwenge bya kalisiyumu niba mfite amabuye yo mu ibere?

Oya, ntugomba guhagarika gufata ibiyobyabwenge bya kalisiyumu. Kalisiyumu iri mu mirire yawe cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge ntibigira uruhare mu mabuye yo mu ibere. Ibi bisigazwa biva mu mpinduka z'ibice byaho, ntabwo biva kuri kalisiyumu nyinshi mu maraso yawe.

Q3: Ese amabuye yo mu ibere azatuma mammogram zanjye zirushaho kuribwa?

Amabuye yo mu ibere ubwayo ntashobora gutuma mammogram zirushaho kuribwa. Ikibazo wumva mugihe cya mammography kiva mu gushyira igitutu gikenewe kugirango ukwirakwize igice cy'ibere, ntabwo biva ku mabuye ubwayo.

Q4: Ese amabuye yo mu ibere ashobora guhinduka kanseri?

Amabuye yo mu ibere ntahinduka kanseri. Ariko, kanseri zimwe na zimwe cyangwa impinduka ziri hafi ya kanseri zishobora kwiteza amabuye yabo uko bakura. Iyi niyo mpamvu gukurikirana amabuye uko igihe kigenda ari ngombwa.

Q5: Ese ngomba gukora mammogram kangahe niba mfite amabuye yo mu ibere?

Uburyo bwo gukora mammogram bigendana n'ubwoko n'imiterere bya calcifications ufite. Abagore benshi bafite calcifications nziza bashobora gukurikiza amabwiriza asanzwe yo gupima. Muganga wawe azagusaba gahunda yihariye ishingiye ku miterere yawe bwite.