Enzymes zazamutse zo mu mwijima ni iki? Ibimenyetso, impamvu, & Ubuvuzi bwo mu rugo

Enzymes zazamutse zo mu mwijima ni urwego ruri hejuru y'ibisanzwe rwa poroteyine zihariye mu maraso yawe zerekana ko selile zo mu mwijima wawe zangiritse cyangwa zifite umunaniro. Iyo umwijima wawe ukora cyane kurusha uko bisanzwe cyangwa ufite uburyo bumwe bwo gukomereka, ureka izi enzymes nyinshi mu maraso yawe, ibyo bikagaragara mu bizami bisanzwe by'amaraso.

Tekereza izi enzymes nk'intumwa zibwira muganga wawe uko umwijima wawe ukora neza. Mugihe kuvumbura urwego ruzamutse rushobora kumvikana ko biteye impungenge, ni ngombwa kumenya ko iki kintu gisanzwe kandi akenshi kerekana ibibazo bivurwa aho kuba indwara ikomeye yo mu mwijima.

Enzymes zazamutse zo mu mwijima ni iki?

Enzymes zazamutse zo mu mwijima zivuga ku rwego ruzamutse rw'amaraso rwa poroteyine zisanzwe zikora imbere muri selile zo mu mwijima wawe. Enzymes zikunze gupimwa ni ALT (alanine aminotransferase) na AST (aspartate aminotransferase), hamwe na ALP (alkaline phosphatase) na GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase).

Iyo selile zo mu mwijima zangiritse cyangwa zikabyimba, zirekura izi enzymes mu maraso yawe mu bwinshi kurusha uko bisanzwe. Muganga wawe abivumbura binyuze mu kizamini cy'amaraso cyoroshye cyitwa panel yo gukora umwijima cyangwa panel ya metabolike yuzuye.

Izamuka ubwaryo si indwara ahubwo ni ikimenyetso cyerekana ko umwijima wawe ukeneye kwitabwaho. Abantu benshi bafite enzymes zazamutse gato bumva bameze neza rwose kandi bamenya ikibazo gusa binyuze mu gusuzuma bisanzwe.

Kumva ufite enzymes zazamutse zo mu mwijima bimeze gute?

Abantu benshi bafite enzymes zazamutse zo mu mwijima ntibagira ibimenyetso na gato. Izamuka akenshi rivumburwa mugihe cyo gukora amaraso bisanzwe mugihe wumva umeze neza rwose.

Iyo ibimenyetso bibayeho, bikunda kuba bigufi kandi bitagaragaza neza. Ushobora kubona umunaniro utagira icyo uhindura mugihe uruhutse, kumva muri rusange ko utameze neza, cyangwa kutumva neza gato mu gice cyo hejuru cy'iburyo bw'inda yawe aho umwijima wawe uri.

Abantu bamwe bahura n'imihindukire mu igogora nk'isukaruka, kutagira ubushake bwo kurya, cyangwa kumva bahaze vuba nyuma yo kurya ibintu bito. Ibi bimenyetso biroroshye kwitiranya n'umunabi, gusinzira nabi, cyangwa ibibazo bisanzwe by'igogora.

Mu gihe ibintu bikomeye, ushobora kubona uruhu rwawe cyangwa amaso yawe yera (umuhondo), inkari z'umukara, cyangwa imyanda y'umweru. Ariko, ibi bimenyetso bikunda kugaragara gusa iyo imikorere y'umwijima yagizweho ingaruka zikomeye.

Ni iki gitera imyunyu y'umwijima yiyongera?

Imiyungure y'umwijima yiyongera irashobora guterwa n'ibintu byinshi bitandukanye, kuva ku bihe by'agateganyo kugeza ku bibazo by'ubuzima bihoraho. Gusobanukirwa impamvu zitandukanye birashobora kugufasha gukorana na muganga wawe kugirango umenye icyo gishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwijima wawe.

Dore impamvu zisanzwe, dutangira n'izo abaganga bakunda kubona cyane:

• Imiti: Imiti myinshi yandikwa na muganga ndetse n'iyo ugura nta cyangombwa, irashobora kuzamura by'agateganyo imyunyu y'umwijima, harimo acetaminophen (Tylenol), statins yo kugabanya cholesterol, na antibiyotike zimwe na zimwe
• Indwara y'umwijima w'ibinure: Kwiyongera kw'ibinure byinshi mu turemangingo tw'umwijima, akenshi bifitanye isano n'imirire, uburemere, cyangwa ibibazo bya metabolike
• Gukoresha inzoga: Kunywa inzoga buri gihe, ndetse n'inzoga ziciriritse, birashobora gutera izamuka ry'imyunyu mu bantu bamwe
• Hepatite ya virusi: Indwara nka hepatite A, B, cyangwa C zigamije cyane uturemangingo tw'umwijima
• Indwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri: Sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri yibasira amaso y'umwijima
• Ukwangirika kw'imitsi: Kubera ko AST iboneka no mu mitsi, imyitozo ikabije cyangwa kwangirika kw'imitsi birashobora kuzamura urwego rwayo

Impamvu zitagaragara cyane ariko z'ingenzi zirimo indwara zarazwe nka Wilson cyangwa hemochromatosis, ibiyobyabwenge bimwe na bimwe by'ibyatsi, kandi rimwe na rimwe, ibibyimba by'umwijima cyangwa ibibazo by'inzira y'igifu.

Ni iki imyunyu y'umwijima yiyongera igaragaza cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'iki?

Enzymes ziri hejuru mu mwijima zishobora kwerekana indwara zitandukanye zihishe, nubwo uburyo bwihariye bwo kuzamuka bufasha abaganga kumenya neza ibishoboka. Muganga wawe azareba izihe enzymes zazamutse kandi zazamutse ku rugero rungana iki kugirango ayobore iperereza rye.

Indwara zisanzwe zifitanye isano na enzymes ziri hejuru mu mwijima zirimo:

• Indwara y'umwijima idafite alukolo (NAFLD): Impamvu isanzwe mu bihugu byateye imbere, akenshi ifitanye isano no kubyibuha bikabije, diyabete, cyangwa syndrome ya metabolike
• Indwara y'umwijima ya alukolo: Kwangirika guterwa no kunywa alukolo buri gihe, niyo bitaba byinshi
• Hepatite ya virusi: Indwara zibasira by'umwihariko selile z'umwijima kandi zikatera kubyimbirwa
• Ukwangirika kw'umwijima guterwa n'imiti: Ibikorwa bya imiti, ibyongerera imbaraga, cyangwa ibicuruzwa by'ibyatsi
• Hepatite ya autoimmune: Sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi iterera imbere imitsi y'umwijima wawe
• Hemochromatose: Icyuma cyinshi cyiyongera mu mwijima wawe uko igihe kigenda gihita

Indwara zitazwi cyane zishobora gutera izamuka zirimo indwara ya Wilson (gukusanya umuringa), kubura kwa alpha-1 antitrypsin, cholangitis ya mbere ya biliary, n'indwara zimwe na zimwe za genetike. Muganga wawe azatekereza ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi bisubizo by'ibizamini kugirango amenye indwara ishoboka cyane.

Ese enzymes ziri hejuru mu mwijima zishobora gushira zonyine?

Yego, enzymes ziri hejuru mu mwijima akenshi zisubira mu buryo busanzwe zonyine, cyane cyane iyo ziterwa n'ibintu by'agateganyo. Niba izamuka riterwa n'umuti, indwara iherutse, cyangwa umunaniro w'igihe gito ku mwijima wawe, urwego rurasanzwe mu byumweru kugeza ku mezi.

Urugero, niba wafashe acetaminophen iminsi mike cyangwa wari ufite indwara ya virusi yoroheje, enzymes zawe z'umwijima zishobora kuzamuka by'agateganyo ariko zigomba gusubira mu buryo busanzwe uko umwijima wawe ukira. Kimwe n'ibyo, niba imyitozo ikomeye yateje izamuka ry'enzyme rifitanye isano n'imitsi, urwego rurasanzwe rumanuka mu minsi mike.

Ariko, niba hari ikibazo gikomeje nk'indwara y'umwijima wuzuye amavuta, gukoresha imiti ya kinyamwuga, cyangwa indwara y'ubwirinzi, imyunyu ngugu ishobora gukomeza kuzamuka kugeza igihe ikibazo cyakemuwe. Ibi nibyo bituma muganga wawe ashaka kongera kugenzura urwego rwawe akongera gukora iperereza niba bitagabanuka.

Ni gute imyunyu ngugu y'umwijima yazamutse ivurwa mu rugo?

Nubwo udashobora kuvura imyunyu ngugu y'umwijima yazamutse mu rugo, urashobora gushyigikira uburyo umwijima wawe ukira mu buryo bwa kamere kandi ugakemura bimwe mu bibazo bisanzwe. Ubu buryo bworoshye bushobora gufasha umwijima wawe gukora neza.

Dore ingamba zishobora gufasha umwijima wawe gukira:

• Kugabanya kunywa inzoga: Ndetse no kunywa inzoga mu rugero ruto bishobora gushyira umwijima wawe mu gihirahiro, bityo kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho inzoga biha umwijima wawe umwanya wo gukira
• Kugumana uburemere buzima: Kugabanya ibiro buhoro buhoro binyuze mu kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri zihagije bishobora kugabanya amavuta mu mwijima wawe
• Kuguma ufite amazi ahagije: Kunywa amazi menshi bifasha umwijima wawe gutunganya imyanda neza
• Kurya ibiryo byiza ku mwijima: Shyiramo imboga nyinshi, poroteyine zifite intungamubiri nke, n'ibinyampeke byuzuye mugihe ugabanya ibiryo byatunganyijwe n'isukari yongewemo
• Suzuma imiti yawe: Ganira na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'ibiyobyabwenge bitari ngombwa cyangwa imiti yo ku isoko urimo gufata
• Kugira ibitotsi bihagije: Umwijima wawe ukora byinshi mu bikorwa byo kwisana mugihe uryamye

Wibuke ko izi mpinduka z'imibereho zikora neza nk'igice cy'umugambi mugari wateguwe hamwe n'umuganga wawe, atari nk'umusimbura isuzuma ryo kwa muganga n'imiti.

Ni iyihe miti yo kwa muganga yo kuvura imyunyu ngugu y'umwijima yazamutse?

Ubuvuzi bw’indwara zifitanye isano n’imisemburo yo mu mwijima mwinshi bushingiye ku gukemura ikibazo cyateye izamuka ry’imisemburo aho gushingira ku izamuka ryayo ubwaryo. Muganga wawe azabanza gukora kugira ngo amenye icyateye umwijima wawe guhangana n’ibibazo, hanyuma akore gahunda y’ubuvuzi bwihariye.

Ubuvuzi bwihariye bushingiye rwose ku cyateye izamuka ry’imisemburo. Niba imiti ari yo ntandaro, muganga wawe ashobora guhindura doze, guhindura imiti, cyangwa guhagarika by’agateganyo imiti imwe n’imwe mu gihe akurikirana imikorere y’umwijima wawe.

Ku ndwara y’umwijima wuzuye amavuta, ubuvuzi busanzwe bukubiyemo guhindura imibereho nk’imicungire y’ibiro, guhindura imirire, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, rimwe na rimwe bikomatanywa n’imiti yo kugenzura diyabete cyangwa kolesteroli niba zihari. Niba hepatite ya virusi ari yo ntandaro, imiti irwanya virusi ishobora kwandikwa.

Mu gihe cy’indwara z’umwijima ziterwa n’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri, imiti igabanya ubwirinzi bw’umubiri ifasha kugabanya umuvumo no gukumira kwangirika kw’umwijima. Ku ndwara ziterwa n’imirerere nk’hemochromatosis, ubuvuzi bushobora gukubiyemo gukuraho amaraso buri gihe kugira ngo bagabanye urugero rw’icyuma.

Muganga wawe azakurikirana urugero rw’imisemburo yawe buri gihe kugira ngo yemeze ko ubuvuzi bukora kandi ahindure uburyo nk'uko bikwiye. Abantu benshi babona impinduka mu mezi make igihe ikibazo cyateye indwara kivuwe neza.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona muganga kubera imisemburo yo mu mwijima yiyongereye?

Ukwiye kubona muganga vuba na bwangu niba ubona ibimenyetso bigaragaza ibibazo bikomeye by’umwijima. Izi mpungenge zerekana ko umwijima wawe ushobora kuba uri mu bibazo bikomeye kandi ukeneye ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Shaka ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi vuba na bwangu niba ubona kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Uburwayi bwa Jaundice: Uruhu rwawe cyangwa amaso yawe yera byahinduye ibara ry'umuhondo
• Urubavu rukabije: By'umwihariko mu gice cyo hejuru cy'iburyo aho umwijima wawe uherereye
• Inkari z'umukara cyangwa imyanda y'umweru: Impinduka mu ibara zimara umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri
• Isesemi n'umuriro bihoraho: By'umwihariko iyo biherekejwe no kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Umunaniro udasanzwe: Umunaniro ukabije utagabanuka iyo uruhutse
• Ukubura: Amazi yiyongera mu maguru yawe, mu birenge, cyangwa mu nda

N'ubwo utagira ibimenyetso, jya kwa muganga niba ibizamini by'amaraso bisanzwe byerekana ko imyunyu ngugu yo mu mwijima yazamutse. Kumenya no kuvura ibibazo by'umwijima hakiri kare mubisanzwe bitanga umusaruro mwiza cyane kuruta gutegereza ko ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira imyunyu ngugu yo mu mwijima yazamutse?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira imyunyu ngugu yo mu mwijima yazamutse, nubwo kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibivuze ko uzagira iyi ndwara. Kumva ibi bintu bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda no kumenya igihe cyo kurushaho kwita ku buzima bw'umwijima.

Ibintu byongera ibyago cyane birimo:

• Umubyibuho ukabije: Kubyibuha bikabije, cyane cyane ku gice cyo hagati, byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y’umwijima wuzuye ibinure
• Indwara ya diyabete na syndrome ya metabolike: Isukari nyinshi mu maraso no kutitabira insuline bishobora gutuma ibinure byiyongera mu mwijima
• Gukoresha inzoga buri gihe: Ndetse no kunywa inzoga mu rugero ruto bishobora gutuma enzymes z’umwijima zizamuka ku bantu bamwe
• Imiti imwe n'imwe: Gukoresha acetaminophen, statins, cyangwa izindi miti yangiza umwijima mu gihe kirekire
• Kwandura hepatite ya virusi: Binyuze mu maraso yanduye, imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, cyangwa ibiryo n'amazi byanduye
• Amateka y'umuryango: Indwara zishingiye ku mikorere y'uturemangingo nk'indwara ya hemochromatosis cyangwa indwara ya Wilson zikunda kwibasira imiryango

Izindi mpamvu zongera ibyago zirimo imyaka (imikorere y'umwijima irashobora kugabanuka uko imyaka igenda), guhura n'imiti cyangwa uburozi runaka, no kurwara izindi ndwara zifitanye isano n'ubudahangarwa. Ariko, abantu benshi bafite izi mpamvu zongera ibyago ntibigeze barwara indwara z'umwijima, mu gihe abandi badafite izi mpamvu zigaragara barwara.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no kuzamuka kwa enzymes z'umwijima?

Ingaruka ziterwa no kuzamuka kwa enzymes z'umwijima ziterwa rwose n'icyateye iyo ndwara n'igihe imaze idafatwa. Kuzamuka guto kandi kw'igihe gito ntigutera ibibazo birambye, mu gihe kuzamuka guhoraho bishobora gutera kwangirika gukomeye kw'umwijima uko igihe kigenda.

Iyo idafashwe, zimwe mu ndwara ziteza kuzamuka kwa enzymes z'umwijima zishobora kugera ku ngaruka zikomeye:

• Fibrosis y'umwijima: Imitsi y'imvune isimbura buhoro buhoro imitsi y'umwijima yuzuye, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umwijima
• Cirrhose: Imvune zateye imbere zishobora kubangamira cyane imikorere y'umwijima kandi akenshi ntizishobora guhinduka
• Kunanirwa kw'umwijima: Umwijima ntushobora gukora imirimo yawo y'ingenzi
• Umubyigano wa portal: Umuvuduko wiyongereye mu miyoboro y'amaraso y'umwijima, ushobora gutera kuva amaraso akomeye
• Kiyongera cy'ibibazo by'indwara: Kugabanuka kw'imikorere y'umwijima bishobora kubangamira urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa
• Kanseri y'umwijima: Bimwe mu bibazo by'umwijima by'igihe kirekire byongera ibyago byo guteza ibibyimba by'umwijima

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ibi bibazo bikomeye akenshi biterwa nyuma y'imyaka y'indwara y'umwijima itavuwe. Abantu benshi bafite enzymes z'umwijima zazamutse bakira ubuvuzi bukwiye ntibigera bahura n'ibi bibazo.

Ni iki enzymes z'umwijima zazamutse zishobora kwitiranywa na?

Enzymes z'umwijima zazamutse rimwe na rimwe zishobora kwitiranywa n'izindi ndwara, cyane cyane iyo ibimenyetso bihari. Imiterere idasobanutse y'ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'umwijima bivuze ko akenshi bigaragarira hamwe n'ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima.

Indwara zisanzwe zifite ibimenyetso bisa harimo:

• Indwara y'igifu: Ishobora gutera uburibwe bwo mu nda yo hejuru n'ibimenyetso byo mu gihe cyo gucukura ibiryo
• Indwara z'imitsi: Kubera ko AST iboneka no mu mikaya, kubyimba kw'imitsi bishobora gutera izamuka rya enzyme
• Ibibazo by'umutima: Gutera umutima nabyo bishobora kuzamura urwego rwa AST
• Indwara z'imitsi: Zishobora gutera umunaniro usa n'uwo, n'imihindagurikire y'imikorere y'umubiri
• Indwara zo mu gihe cyo gucukura ibiryo: Indwara nka indwara yo mu gifu itera ibimenyetso bigaragarira hamwe
• Umunaniro udashira: Isangira ikimenyetso cyo kumva unaniwe buri gihe

Ibi nibyo bituma muganga wawe azatekereza ishusho yuzuye yubuzima bwawe, harimo no gupimwa umubiri, amateka yubuvuzi, hamwe nizindi igeragezwa, aho kwishingikiriza gusa ku rwego rwa enzyme zo mu mwijima kugirango akore isuzuma.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa bijyanye na enzyme zo mu mwijima zazamutse

Q1. Bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango enzyme zo mu mwijima zisubire mu buryo busanzwe?

Igihe bifata kugirango enzyme zo mu mwijima zisanzure bitandukanye cyane bitewe nicyateye ikibazo. Niba izamuka riterwa nimpamvu yigihe gito nkumuti cyangwa indwara ntoya, urwego akenshi rusubira mu buryo busanzwe muminsi 2-6 nyuma yo gukuraho icyateye ikibazo.

Kubibazo nk'indwara y'umwijima w'ibinure cyangwa hepatite idakira, birashobora gufata amezi menshi yo kuvurwa mbere yuko enzyme zisanzura. Abantu bamwe babona impinduka muminsi 3-6 nyuma yo guhindura imibereho, mugihe abandi bishobora gufata umwaka cyangwa kurenza.

Q2. Umunaniro ushobora gutera enzyme zo mu mwijima zazamutse?

Nubwo umunaniro wo mumutwe wenyine udatera izamuka ry'enzyme zo mu mwijima, umunaniro udakira ushobora gutuma imyitwarire n'ibibazo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umwijima. Umunaniro ushobora gutera imyifatire mibi yo kurya, kongera kunywa inzoga, cyangwa gukomerwa kw'ibibazo nka diyabete.

Ariko, umunaniro wo kumubiri uterwa nindwara, kubagwa, cyangwa imiti birashobora kuzamura by'agateganyo enzyme zo mu mwijima. Muganga wawe azagufasha kumenya niba umunaniro ushobora kugira uruhare mubibazo byawe byihariye.

Q3. Ese enzyme zo mu mwijima zazamutse buri gihe ni ibintu bikomeye?

Oya, enzyme zo mu mwijima zazamutse ntabwo buri gihe zikomeye. Abantu benshi bafite izamuka rito risubira muribyo cyangwa hamwe no guhindura imibereho yoroshye. Akamaro kiterwa nuburyo urwego ruri hejuru, enzyme zihariye zazamutse, niba hari ibimenyetso bijyana nabyo.

Izamuka rito (ritarenze kabiri urwego rusanzwe) akenshi ni iry'agateganyo kandi ntacyo ritwaye, mugihe urwego rwo hejuru cyane cyangwa izamuka rihoraho risaba kwitabwaho vuba kandi no gukora iperereza.

Q4. Imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora kugira ingaruka ku rwego rwa enzyme zo mu mwijima?

Yego, imyitozo ikaze ishobora kuzamura by'agateganyo zimwe mu nzego zifasha umwijima, cyane cyane AST, kuko iyi nzego iboneka no mu mitsi. Imyitozo ikomeye, cyane cyane niba utamenyereye urwo rwego rw'ibikorwa, bishobora gutera imitsi gushwanyuka bikareka AST mu maraso yawe.

Ubu bwoko bwo kuzamuka mubisanzwe buragufi kandi busubira mu buryo busanzwe mu minsi mike. Ariko, imyitozo ngororamubiri ya buri gihe ifasha umwijima kandi ishobora gufasha kugabanya urwego rw'inzego mu bantu barwaye indwara y'umwijima w'ibinure.

Q5. Nkwiriye guhagarika gufata imiti yose niba inzego zifasha umwijima wanjye zazamutse?

Ntugasize gufata imiti wandikiwe utabanje kubaza muganga wawe, kabone niyo ukeka ko ishobora gutera kuzamuka kw'inzego zifasha umwijima. Imwe mu miti ni ngombwa ku buzima bwawe, kandi kuyihagarika ako kanya bishobora guteza akaga.

Muganga wawe ashobora gufasha kumenya niba imwe mu miti yawe ishobora gutera kuzamuka kandi niba byemewe kuyihindura cyangwa kuyihagarika. Bashobora kandi gushishikariza gukurikirana imikorere y'umwijima wawe hafi cyane mugihe ukomeje kuvura ibikenewe.