Ni iki cyitwa Hyperkalemia? Ibimenyetso, Ibiteye, & Uko Wavura Uwikururira

Hyperkalemia ibaho iyo ufite potasiyumu nyinshi mu maraso yawe. Umubiri wawe ukeneye potasiyumu kugira ngo ifashe umutima wawe gutera neza n'imitsi yawe gukora, ariko iyo urwego ruri hejuru cyane, bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye ku mutima wawe n'imikorere y'imitsi.

Iyi ndwara ikunda kubaho cyane kurusha uko wabitekereza, cyane cyane niba ufite ibibazo by'impyiko cyangwa ufata imiti imwe n'imwe. Inkuru nziza ni uko hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiriye, hyperkalemia ishobora guhangana nayo neza.

Hyperkalemia ni iki?

Hyperkalemia ni indwara yo mu buvuzi aho urwego rwa potasiyumu mu maraso yawe ruzamuka hejuru ya 5.0 milliequivalents kuri litiro (mEq/L). Urwego rusanzwe rwa potasiyumu ruri hagati ya 3.5 kugeza kuri 5.0 mEq/L.

Impyiko zawe mubisanzwe zikora akazi gakomeye ko kugumisha urwego rwa potasiyumu ruringaniye mu gukuraho potasiyumu yinyongera binyuze mu nkari. Iyo iyi sisitemu idakora neza, potasiyumu yiyongera mu maraso yawe.

Tekereza potasiyumu nk'urwego rw'amashanyarazi mu mubiri wawe. Nyinshi cyane zirashobora gutuma insinga zidakora neza, cyane cyane zikora ku mutima wawe n'imitsi yawe.

Hyperkalemia yumvikana gute?

Abantu benshi bafite hyperkalemia yoroheje ntibumva ibimenyetso na gato. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragara, akenshi bikura buhoro buhoro kandi birashobora koroha kubura.

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bisanzwe birimo intege nke z'imitsi no kunanirwa bitandukanye no kurambirwa bisanzwe. Urashobora kubona imitsi yawe yumva iremereye cyangwa ko imirimo yoroshye isa nkaho igoye kurusha uko byari bisanzwe.

Dore ibimenyetso ushobora guhura nabyo, uhereye ku bisanzwe:

• Intege nke z'imitsi, cyane cyane mu maboko yawe n'amaguru
• Umunaniro udakosorwa no kuruhuka
• Isesemi cyangwa kumva urwaye mu gifu cyawe
• Kugira urugero cyangwa guhuma mu ntoki zawe n'ibirenge
• Kuribwa cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi kw'imitsi
• Umutima utera nabi cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi
• Kugorana guhumeka
• Uburibwe mu gituza

Hyperkalemia ikabije ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bikomeye nko guhagarara umubiri cyangwa impinduka ziteye akaga mu mutima. Ibi bimenyetso bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga.

Ibitera Hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia iterwa iyo umubiri wawe ufata potasiyumu nyinshi cyane, ntishobore kuyikuramo ihagije binyuze mu mpyiko zawe, cyangwa yimurira potasiyumu iva mu ngingo zawe ikajya mu maraso yawe.

Ibibazo by'impyiko ni byo biza ku isonga mu bitera iyi ndwara kuko impyiko zikora neza zikuramo hafi 90% ya potasiyumu ufashe. Iyo impyiko zitagikora neza, potasiyumu yiyongera mu maraso yawe.

Impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutera hyperkalemia, kandi kuzisobanukirwa biragufasha gukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo uyirinde:

• Indwara y'impyiko ihoraho cyangwa kunanirwa kw'impyiko
• Imiti imwe n'imwe nka ACE inhibitors, ARBs, cyangwa imiti ituma amazi atava mu mubiri
• Diyabete, cyane cyane iyo isukari yo mu maraso itagenzurwa neza
• Indwara ya Addison (kutagira umusemburo wa adrenal uhagije)
• Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi mu mubiri
• Kurya ibiryo byinshi bikungahaye kuri potasiyumu cyangwa gufata imiti yongera potasiyumu
• Infesiyo zikomeye cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibice by'umubiri
• Kuvunikisha amaraso (mu bihe bidasanzwe)

Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara nubwo impyiko zawe zikora neza. Buri gihe bwire muganga wawe imiti yose n'ibiyobyabwenge urimo gufata.

Hyperkalemia ni ikimenyetso cy'iki?

Hyperkalemia akenshi ni ikimenyetso cyerekana ko hari ikindi kiba mu mubiri wawe, cyane cyane ku mpyiko zawe cyangwa sisitemu y'imisemburo. Ni gake iba ari indwara yigenga.

Indwara zisanzwe zikubiyemo indwara y'impyiko ihoraho, igira uruhare mu mikorere y'impyiko zawe mu gukuramo imyanda na potasiyumu nyinshi mu maraso yawe.

Dore indwara zikomeye hyperkalemia ishobora kwerekana:

• Indwara ya impyiko ihoraho (ibice 3-5)
• Ubukomere bw'impyiko bwihuse
• Diyabete ifite ubugenzuzi buke bw'isukari mu maraso
• Indwara ya Addison (ibibazo by'ingirangingo zikora imisemburo ya adrenal)
• Kunanirwa k'umutima (iyo ufata imiti imwe)
• Ubwuma bukomeye bw'umubiri
• Rhabdomyolysis (isenyuka ry'imitsi)
• Hemolysis (isenyuka ry'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso)

Mu bice bimwe na bimwe, hyperkalemia ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cyerekana ko umuganga wawe azi ikibazo cy'impyiko utari uzi ko ufite.

Ese Hyperkalemia irashobora gukira yonyine?

Hyperkalemia yoroheje rimwe na rimwe irakira yonyine niba icyayiteye ari icy'igihe gito, nk'ubwuma bw'umubiri cyangwa indwara y'igihe gito. Ariko, ntugomba gutegereza ngo urebe niba ikira udafashijwe n'abaganga.

Ibice byinshi bya hyperkalemia bikenera kuvurwa n'abaganga kuko ibyateye akenshi bisaba gukurikiranwa buri gihe. N'iyo urwego rwarushaho gukira by'agateganyo, iyo ndwara akenshi isubira inyuma itavuwe neza.

Umuganga wawe akeneye kumenya icyateye urwego rwawe rwo hejuru rwa potasiyumu no gukemura icyo kibazo. Ibi bishobora gushoboka mu guhindura imiti, kuvura ibibazo by'impyiko, cyangwa gucunga diyabete neza.

Ni gute hyperkalemia ivurwa mu rugo?

Mugihe hyperkalemia isaba kugenzurwa n'abaganga, hariho impinduka zimwe z'imirire zishobora gufasha gahunda yawe yo kuvura. Ibi bigomba gukorwa buri gihe hakurikijwe ubuyobozi bw'umuganga wawe.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gucunga mu rugo burimo kugabanya ibiryo birimo potasiyumu nyinshi mu mirire yawe. Ibi ntibisobanura gukuraho potasiyumu yose, ahubwo guhitamo ibirimo potasiyumu nkeya igihe bishoboka.

Dore uburyo bwo kurya bushobora gufasha:

• Banza ugabanye amata, amacunga, n'ibindi byose birimo potasiyumu nyinshi
• Hitamo umugati wera na pasta kurusha ibikorerwa mu ngano zose
• Irinda imboga zirimo potasiyumu nyinshi nka epinari, ibirayi, na tungomanga
• Soma amabwiriza y'ibiryo witonze kugira ngo urebe niba harimo potasiyumu yongerewe
• Irinda ibisimbuza umunyu birimo potasiyumu kloride
• Guma ufite amazi ahagije (keretse muganga wawe akubwiye kubigabanya)
• Fata imiti uko yategetswe

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata imiti wategetswe utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe. Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kuzamura potasiyumu ni ingenzi mu kuvura izindi ndwara zikomeye.

Ni iki kivurwa mu buvuzi bwa hyperkalemia?

Ubuvuzi bwa hyperkalemia bushingiye ku kigero cya potasiyumu yawe kiri hejuru kandi n'uko igomba kugabanywa vuba. Muganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bukwiye cyane kuri wowe.

Muri hyperkalemia yoroheje, kuvurwa bishobora gukubiyemo guhindura imirire yawe n'imiti. Ibyago bikomeye bisaba ubufasha bwihuse kugira ngo birinde ibibazo by'umutima biteye akaga.

Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo:

• Kugabanya potasiyumu mu mirire hamwe n'ubuyobozi bw'umuhanga mu by'imirire
• Guhindura cyangwa guhindura imiti
• Imiti ifunga potasiyumu ifasha gukuraho potasiyumu nyinshi
• Imiti ituma umuntu anyara cyane kugira ngo yongere ikurwamo rya potasiyumu binyuze mu nkari
• Calcium gluconate yo kurinda umutima (mu byago bikomeye)
• Insulin na glucose kugira ngo yimure potasiyumu mu nini z'umubiri
• Dialysis ku byago bikomeye cyangwa guhagarara kw'impyiko

Muganga wawe azagenzura urwego rwa potasiyumu yawe buri gihe kugira ngo arebe niba kuvurwa bikora neza. Ibi mubisanzwe bikubiyemo ibizamini by'amaraso bya buri gihe kugira ngo ukurikirane iterambere ryawe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona muganga kubera hyperkalemia?

Ukwiriye kubona muganga ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso nk'uburibwe mu gituza, umutima utera nabi, intege nke zikabije mu mikaya, cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya hyperkalemia iteye akaga.

Niba ufite ibintu byongera ibyago byo kugira hyperkalemia, gukurikiranwa buri gihe n'umuganga wawe ni ingenzi kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Abantu benshi ntibagira ibimenyetso kugeza igihe urugero rugeze hejuru cyane.

Shaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi niba ubona ibi bikurikira:

• Uburibwe mu gituza cyangwa umutima utera nabi
• Ubugufi bukomeye bw'imitsi cyangwa urugingo rw'umubiri rutagikora
• Kugorwa no guhumeka
• Isesemi rihoraho no kuruka
• Umunaniro ukabije utuma utabasha gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi
• Umutsi w'umubiri utagikora cyangwa kumva urumuri birushaho kuba bibi

Niba ufata imiti ishobora kuzamura urugero rwa potasiyumu, muganga wawe agomba gukurikirana urugero ruri mu maraso yawe buri gihe. Ntukibagirwe izi gahunda kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza.

Ni Ibihe Bintu Byongera Ibyago Byo Kugira Hyperkalemia?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira hyperkalemia. Kumva ibi bintu byongera ibyago bifasha wowe n'umuganga wawe gufata ingamba zo gukumira ibibazo.

Imyaka igira uruhare kuko imikorere y'impyiko igabanuka uko tugenda dusaza. Abantu barengeje imyaka 65 bafite ibyago byinshi, cyane cyane niba bafite izindi ndwara.

Ibintu bisanzwe byongera ibyago birimo:

• Indwara z'impyiko zihoraho cyangwa imikorere y'impyiko yagabanutse
• Diyabete, cyane cyane iyo isukari yo mu maraso itagenzurwa neza
• Kunanirwa k'umutima bisaba imiti imwe
• Gufata imiti ya ACE inhibitors, ARBs, cyangwa imiti ituma amazi atava mu mubiri irimo potasiyumu
• Kumuka cyangwa kugabanuka kw'amazi mu mubiri
• Indwara ya Addison cyangwa izindi ndwara z'ingirangingo zikora imisemburo y'amavuta
• Imyaka irenze 65
• Gukoresha buri gihe imiti ya NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen)

Kugira kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira hyperkalemia, ariko bisobanura ko ugomba gukurikiranwa cyane n'umuganga wawe.

Ni Ibihe Bibazo Bishobora Kuvuka Biturutse kuri Hyperkalemia?

Ikibazo gikomeye cyane cya hyperkalemia kigira uruhare ku mutima wawe. Urugero rwa potasiyumu ruri hejuru rushobora gutera umutima utera nabi kandi bishobora gutera urupfu niba bitavuwe vuba.

Umutima wawe wifashisha ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi by'ukuri kugira ngo utere neza. Iyo urugero rwa potasiyumu ruzamutse cyane, ibi bimenyetso birahungabana, bishobora gutuma umutima wawe utera gahoro cyane, vuba cyane, cyangwa mu buryo butari bwo.

Ingorane zishobora kuvuka zirimo:

• Uburwayi bw'umutima (umutima utera nabi)
• Gufunga umutima rwose
• Umutima guhagarara
• Ubumuga bw'imitsi
• Kunanirwa guhumeka (mu gihe gikomeye)
• Imikorere y'impyiko irushaho kuba mibi

Izi ngorane zishoboka cyane iyo urugero rwa potasiyumu ruzamuka vuba cyangwa rugera ku rugero rwo hejuru cyane. Hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye no gukurikiranwa, abantu benshi bafite hyperkalemia bashobora kwirinda izi ngorane zikomeye.

Icyo hyperkalemia ishobora kwitiranywa nacyo?

Ibimenyetso bya hyperkalemia bishobora kuba bidafite ishingiro kandi bisa n'izindi ndwara nyinshi. Iyi ni yo mpamvu ibizamini by'amaraso ari ngombwa kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma ryiza.

Ubugwari bw'imitsi no kunanirwa bikomoka kuri hyperkalemia bishobora kwitiranywa no gucika intege gusa, kwiheba, cyangwa izindi ndwara z'imitsi. Impinduka z'umuvuduko w'umutima zishobora guterwa n'umujinya cyangwa izindi ndwara z'umutima.

Hyperkalemia rimwe na rimwe ivurwa nabi na:

• Uburwayi bwo gucika intege gakondo
• Kwiheba cyangwa umujinya
• Indwara z'imitsi nka myasthenia gravis
• Uburwayi bw'umutima buturuka ku zindi mpamvu
• Kumuka cyangwa kutaringaniza imyunyu ngugu
• Ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti
• Fibromyalgia

Muganga wawe azakoresha ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo apime urugero rwa potasiyumu yawe kandi akureho izindi ndwara. Rimwe na rimwe ibindi bizamini birakenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane icyateye ikibazo.

Ibikunze kubazwa kuri hyperkalemia

Q1: Nshobora kurya ibitoki niba mfite hyperkalemia?

Ushobora gukenera kugabanya ibitoki n'izindi mbuto zifite potasiyumu nyinshi, ariko ibi biterwa n'urugero rwawe rwa potasiyumu n'uburyo bwo kuvura muri rusange. Kora hamwe na muganga wawe cyangwa umuhanga mu by'imirire kugira ngo ukore gahunda y'imirire ikwiriye kuri wowe mugihe ugifite imirire myiza.

Q2: Ese hyperkalemia ni kimwe na umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso?

Oya, hyperkalemia ni potasiyumu nyinshi mu maraso yawe, naho umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso ugizwe n'imbaraga z'amaraso ku nkuta z'imitsi yawe. Ariko, imiti imwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso ishobora kongera urugero rwa potasiyumu, bityo ibi bibazo byombi bikaba bishobora kubaho icyarimwe.

Q3: Hyperkalemia ishobora guteza imbere vuba gute?

Hyperkalemia ishobora guteza imbere mu minsi cyangwa mu byumweru, bitewe n'icyateye. Uburwayi bukomeye bw'impyiko bushobora gutuma urugero ruzamuka vuba, naho indwara z'impyiko zidakira akenshi zituma urugero ruzamuka buhoro buhoro. Ibi nibyo bituma gukurikiranwa buri gihe ari ngombwa niba ufite ibintu byongera ibyago.

Q4: Ese umunaniro ushobora gutera hyperkalemia?

Umunaniro ubwawo ntutera hyperkalemia mu buryo butaziguye, ariko umunaniro ukabije wo mu mubiri cyangwa uburwayi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kubigiramo uruhare. Umunaniro kandi ushobora kugira ingaruka ku kugenzura isukari mu maraso ku bantu barwaye diyabete, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira uruhare rutaziguye ku rugero rwa potasiyumu.

Q5: Ese nzaba ngomba kurya ibiryo birimo potasiyumu nkeya ubuziraherezo?

Ibi biterwa n'icyateye hyperkalemia yawe. Niba bifitanye isano n'indwara y'impyiko, ushobora gukenera impinduka mu mirire y'igihe kirekire. Niba biterwa n'umuti ushobora guhindurwa cyangwa ikibazo cy'igihe gito, ibizira mu mirire bishobora kuba by'igihe gito. Muganga wawe azakuyobora ashingiye ku miterere yawe yihariye.