Potasiyumu nkeya ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Ibiteye, & Ubuvuzi bwo mu rugo

Potasiyumu nkeya, yitwa kandi hypokalemia, bibaho iyo umubiri wawe udafite iyi mineyere ngombwa mu maraso yawe. Umubiri wawe ukeneye potasiyumu kugira ngo ifashe imitsi yawe, imitsi y'ubwonko, n'umutima gukora neza, bityo iyo urwego rwayo rugabanutse cyane, ushobora kubona ibimenyetso bimwe bikwiye kwitabwaho.

Potasiyumu nkeya ni iki?

Potasiyumu nkeya bivuze ko urwego rwa potasiyumu mu maraso yawe rwagabanutse munsi ya 3.5 millimoles kuri litiro. Tekereza potasiyumu nk'umufasha w'amashanyarazi mu mubiri wawe – ituma umutima wawe utera neza kandi imitsi yawe igakora neza.

Iyo urwego rwa potasiyumu rugabanutse, imikorere isanzwe y'umubiri wawe irashobora guhungabana. Iyi ndwara ifata abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi hose kandi irashobora kuva ku gito kugeza ku gikomeye bitewe n'uko urwego rwawe ruri hasi.

Potasiyumu nkeya yumva ite?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya potasiyumu nkeya akenshi byumvikana nk'umunaniro rusange cyangwa intege nke itagira icyo ihindura iyo uruhutse. Ushobora kubona imitsi yawe yumva iremereye cyangwa irushye, cyane cyane iyo uzamuka amategeko cyangwa ukora imirimo ya buri munsi.

Iyo urwego rwa potasiyumu rukomeje kugabanuka, ushobora guhura n'ibimenyetso bigaragara cyane bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Hano hari ibimenyetso bisanzwe umubiri wawe ushobora kukubwira kuri potasiyumu nkeya:

• Intege nke cyangwa umunaniro wumvikana nk'udateye isoni kuri wowe
• Imitsi y'imitsi cyangwa imitsi, cyane cyane mu maguru yawe
• Umutima utera nabi cyangwa umutima utera cyane
• Kugugara kw'igifu bisa nk'aho bidashira
• Kumva wumva inyota cyangwa kunyara kenshi
• Kumva urugero cyangwa ububabare mu ntoki cyangwa mu birenge
• Impinduka z'amarangamutima nk'umujinya cyangwa urujijo

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutera buhoro buhoro, bityo ushobora kutabibona ako kanya. Umubiri wawe urashobora guhuza neza, ariko ni ngombwa kwitondera iyo hari ikintu kitagenda neza.

Ibiteye potasiyumu nkeya?

Potasiyumu nke akenshi biterwa n’uko umubiri wawe utakaza potasiyumu nyinshi kuruta uko uyinjiza, aho guterwa no kutarya ibiryo bikungahaye kuri potasiyumu. Ikintu gikunze kubitera ni ugutakaza nyinshi binyuze mu nzira yo mu gifu cyangwa mu mpyiko.

Ibyago byinshi bya buri munsi bishobora gutera gutakaza potasiyumu, kandi kubisobanukirwa bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ushobora kuba uri mu kaga. Dore impamvu nyamukuru zituma urwego rwa potasiyumu rushobora kugabanuka:

• Kuruka cyangwa guhitwa byamaze igihe biterwa n’indwara
• Imiti imwe n’imwe nka diyuretike (imiti y’amazi) cyangwa imiti y’imitsi
• Kuvuza ibyuya birenze urugero biterwa n’imyitozo ikaze cyangwa ikirere gishyushye
• Indwara zo kurya zirimo imyitwarire yo kwisukura
• Ibibazo by’impyiko bigira ingaruka ku kuringaniza imyunyu ngugu
• Gukoresha inzoga nyinshi, bishobora kubuza potasiyumu gukurwa mu mubiri
• Antibiyotike zimwe na zimwe cyangwa imiti y’umutima

Mu buryo butajegajega, indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubuza umubiri wawe gukora potasiyumu. Ibi byago bisaba ubufasha bwa muganga kugira ngo bakemure icyateye ikibazo.

Potasiyumu nke ni ikimenyetso cyangwa ikimenyetso cy’iki?

Potasiyumu nke ishobora kugaragaza indwara zitandukanye zishingiye ku buzima zigira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe ukoresha iyi myunyu ngugu y’ingenzi. Rimwe na rimwe ni igisubizo cy’igihe gito cy’indwara, ariko mu bindi bihe bigaragaza ibibazo by’ubuzima bikomeje bikeneye kwitabwaho.

Iyo urwego rwa potasiyumu rukomeje kuba ruto, rishobora kugaragaza imwe muri izi ndwara zisanzwe:

• Indwara y’impyiko cyangwa imikorere mibi
• Hyperaldosteronism (ibinyabuzima bya adrenal bikabije)
• Indwara yo mu gifu
• Ibibazo by’ihitwa rihoraho
• Indwara zo kurya nka bulimia cyangwa anorexie
• Ibibazo bya diyabete
• Indwara z’imitsi

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, potasiyumu nke ishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bikomeye bisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa:

• Indwara ya Conn (impyiko idasanzwe y'umubiri)
• Indwara ya Bartter (indwara ya genetike y'impyiko)
• Indwara ya Gitelman (indi ndwara ya genetike igira ingaruka ku mpyiko)
• Imirire mibi ikabije cyangwa indwara zo kutagira ibinyamutungo bihagije

Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba potasiyumu yawe nkeya yerekeza ku ndwara yihishe ikeneye kuvurwa. Ibibazo byinshi birashobora gucungwa iyo impamvu yamenyekanye.

Ese potasiyumu nkeya irashobora gushira yonyine?

Ibibazo byoroheje bya potasiyumu nkeya rimwe na rimwe birashobora gukemuka byonyine, cyane cyane niba biterwa n'ibintu by'agateganyo nk'uburwayi bugufi cyangwa kumva amazi. Ariko, ntugomba kwiringira ko bizabaho utagize impinduka.

Niba potasiyumu yawe nkeya iterwa n'imiti cyangwa indwara ikomeje, ntizongera kugeza igihe uvuye ku mpamvu yabyo. Umubiri wawe ukeneye urwego rwa potasiyumu ruhamye kugirango ukore neza, bityo no kubura guto bifite akamaro ko kwitabwaho.

Urufunguzo ni ukumenya icyateye potasiyumu yawe kugabanuka mbere na mbere. Iyo uzi impamvu, urashobora gufata ingamba zo kubuza ko bitongera kubaho no gushyigikira uburyo umubiri wawe ukira mu buryo busanzwe.

Ni gute potasiyumu nkeya ivurwa mu rugo?

Kubibazo byoroheje bya potasiyumu nkeya, kongera imirire yawe y'ibiryo bikungahaye kuri potasiyumu birashobora gufasha kugarura uburinganire mu buryo busanzwe. Ubu buryo bukora neza iyo urwego rwa potasiyumu yawe rudakabije kandi ntabwo urimo guhangana n'indwara zikomeje.

Dore uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyigikira urwego rwa potasiyumu yawe murugo:

• Kurya imineke, amacunga, cyangwa izindi mbuto zikungahaye kuri potasiyumu buri munsi
• Gushyiramo imboga zifite amababi nk'isipinashi cyangwa Swiss chard mu mafunguro yawe
• Hitamo ibirayi bifite uruhu, bifite isoko nziza ya potasiyumu
• Ongeraho ibishyimbo, lentile, cyangwa imbuto z'ibiti mu mirire yawe isanzwe
• Kunywa amazi ya coco, asanzwe arimo potasiyumu
• Gushyiramo avoka, zikungahaye ku mavuta meza na potasiyumu

Nywa amazi ahagije kandi wirinde inzoga nyinshi, zishobora kubuza umubiri gukurura potasiyumu. Niba ufata imiti ishobora kugira ingaruka ku rwego rwa potasiyumu, ganira na muganga wawe mbere yo guhindura cyane imirire yawe.

Wibuke ko urwego rwa potasiyumu ruri hasi cyane rukenera ubuvuzi, atari uguhindura imirire gusa. Imiti yo mu rugo ikora neza nk'uburyo bwo gufasha hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni iki cyakorwa mu buvuzi ku rwego rwa potasiyumu ruri hasi?

Ubuvuzi ku rwego rwa potasiyumu ruri hasi buterwa n'uburemere bw'ikibazo cyawe n'icyo kibitera. Muganga wawe azatangira akoresheje uburyo bworoheje bushobora kuzamura urwego rwa potasiyumu yawe neza.

Ku rwego ruri hagati, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ibiyobyabwenge bya potasiyumu byo kunywa mu kanwa. Ibi biza mu buryo butandukanye n'imbaraga zitandukanye, kandi muganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku miterere yawe yihariye.

Ibyago bikomeye bishobora gusaba potasiyumu ya intravenous (IV), ijya mu maraso yawe yinyuze mu urwungano rw'imitsi. Ubu buryo bukora vuba ariko busaba gukurikiranwa neza mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi kugirango urebe ko urwego rwawe rutazamuka vuba cyane.

Muganga wawe azanavura ibibazo byose byateye urwego rwa potasiyumu ruri hasi. Ibi bishobora gusobanura guhindura imiti, kuvura indwara z'impyiko, cyangwa gucunga izindi ndwara zigira ingaruka ku gipimo cya potasiyumu.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona muganga kubera urwego rwa potasiyumu ruri hasi?

Ukwiriye kubona muganga niba urimo guhura n'ibimenyetso byerekana urwego rwa potasiyumu ruri hasi, cyane cyane niba bibangamiye imirimo yawe ya buri munsi. Kwinjira hakiri kare birinda ingorane zikomeye zo gutezwa imbere.

Shaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi ako kanya niba ubonye ibi bimenyetso byo kwitondera:

• Ubugoyagoye bukomeye bw'imitsi butuma bigorana kugenda neza
• Umutima utera cyane cyangwa umutima utera nabi
• Kuribwa kw'imitsi kudahagarara kudakosorwa no kuruhuka
• Kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka bigufi
• Umunaniro ukabije udakosorwa no gusinzira
• Urujijo cyangwa impinduka mu mitekerereze

Gana ubuvuzi bwihutirwa ako kanya niba wumva ububabare mu gituza, kugorwa cyane no guhumeka, cyangwa guhagarara kw'ingingo. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kwerekana urwego rwa potasiyumu ruri hasi cyane rukeneye kuvurwa byihutirwa.

Niba ufata imiti izwiho kugira ingaruka ku rwego rwa potasiyumu, gukurikiranwa buri gihe na muganga wawe birashobora gufasha kumenya ibibazo hakiri kare mbere yuko biba bikomeye.

Ni iki gitera ibyago byo kugira potasiyumu nkeya?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira potasiyumu nkeya, kandi kumenya ibi bintu bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda. Ibintu bimwe na bimwe by'ibyago ushobora kugenzura, mu gihe ibindi bigize amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi cyangwa imiterere yawe.

Ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byinshi niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bintu bisanzwe:

• Gufata imiti ituma umubiri usohora amazi (imiti yo gusohora amazi) cyangwa imiti imwe na rimwe y'umutima
• Kugira indwara y'impyiko idakira cyangwa imikorere y'impyiko idahagije
• Kugira umuriro mwinshi cyangwa impiswi
• Gukurikiza imirire ifite intungamubiri nkeya cyane cyangwa kugira indwara yo kurya
• Kuba umukinnyi ukunda gukora imyitozo ikomeye
• Kugira diyabete, cyane cyane niba itagenzurwa neza
• Gukoresha imiti ituma umuntu yituma buri gihe

Abantu bamwe bahura n'ibindi byago bitewe n'ibintu bitamenyerewe:

• Kugira hyperaldosteronism cyangwa izindi ndwara z'ingingo zikora imisemburo
• Gufata imiti imwe na rimwe yica mikorobe cyangwa imiti irwanya imyungu
• Kugira indwara yo mu gifu cyangwa izindi ndwara zo mu gifu
• Kuba ushaje, kuko imikorere y'impyiko igabanuka mu buryo busanzwe uko umuntu ashaje

Kumenya ibikuranga byawe bifasha gukorana na muganga wawe kugenzura urugero rwa potasiyumu yawe no gukora impinduka igihe bibaye ngombwa. Byinshi muri ibi bikuranga bishobora gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa na potasiyumu nkeya?

Iyo potasiyumu nkeya itavuwe, bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye zikora ku mutima wawe, imitsi yawe, n'izindi ngingo z'ingenzi. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye no kugenzura.

Ingaruka ziteye impungenge cyane zikubiyemo imikorere y'umutima wawe n'imitsi. Ibi nibyo bishobora kuba iyo urugero rwa potasiyumu rukomeje kuba ruto cyane:

• Ibibazo by'umuvuduko w'umutima uteye akaga (arrhythmias)
• Ubugwari bukomeye bw'imitsi cyangwa ubumuga
• Ukwangirika kw'impyiko bitewe n'uburangare burambye
• Umubyimba mwinshi w'amaraso bigoye kugenzura
• Ingorane zo guhumeka niba imitsi ihumeka yagizweho ingaruka
• Ibibazo byo mu gihe cy'igogora nk'ukwigunga gukomeye cyangwa guhagarara kw'amara

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, potasiyumu nkeya cyane ishobora gutera ingaruka ziteye ubuzima akaga:

• Ubumuga bw'imitsi bwuzuye (ubumuga bwa buri gihe)
• Guhagarara k'umutima biturutse ku bibazo bikomeye by'umuvuduko w'umutima
• Kunanirwa guhumeka niba imitsi ihumeka ihagaritse gukora neza
• Rhabdomyolysis (guseneka kw'imitsi bishobora kwangiza impyiko)

Izi ngaruka zikomeye zerekana impamvu ari ngombwa gufata potasiyumu nkeya nk'ikintu gikomeye no gukorana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo ugumane urugero rwiza. Abantu benshi babaho neza cyane bafashwe neza.

Ni iki potasiyumu nkeya ishobora kwitiranywa nacyo?

Ibimenyetso bya potasiyumu nkeya birashobora kwitiranywa byoroshye n'izindi ndwara zisanzwe, rimwe na rimwe bikaba bituma gupimwa bitinda. Umunaniro n'ubugwari bw'imitsi akenshi bishyirwa ku gusharira, gusaza, cyangwa kutagira imbaraga.

Ibimenyetso byawe bishobora kwitiranywa n'izi ndwara:

• Indwara yo kunanirwa kw'ibihe byose bitewe no gucika intege bihoraho
• Umunabi bitewe n'imihindagurikire y'amarangamutima no gucika intege
• Fibromyalgia bitewe n'ububabare bw'imitsi no kunanuka
• Indwara z'imitsi ya thyroïde bitewe no gucika intege n'ibimenyetso by'umutima
• Indwara z'umutima igihe umutima utera cyane
• Ibibazo byo mu gifu igihe guhagarara k'umwanda ari cyo kimenyetso nyamukuru

Rimwe na rimwe potasiyumu nke ntisuzumwa kuko ibimenyetso byayo bizamuka buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kugaragara nk'ibisanzwe mu buzima. Ibi nibyo bituma ari ngombwa kuvuga ibimenyetso byawe byose kwa muganga wawe, kabone n'iyo bisa nk'ibidafitanye isano.

Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora gutandukanya vuba potasiyumu nke n'izindi ndwara. Niba urimo guhura n'ibimenyetso byinshi bisa nk'ibidahuye, kubaza ku bijyanye n'urugero rwa potasiyumu birashobora gufasha kumenya icyo gikomeje kuba.

Ibikunze kubazwa kuri potasiyumu nke

Q: Kwiyongera kunywa amazi bishobora gutera potasiyumu nke?

Kunywa amazi menshi cyane bishobora kugabanya urugero rwa potasiyumu mu maraso yawe, ariko ibi bikunda kuba iyo umuntu anywa amazi menshi cyane. Kunywa amazi bisanzwe ntibitera potasiyumu nke, kandi kuguma unywa amazi ahagije bifasha mu kugira urugero rwa potasiyumu ruzima ku bantu benshi.

Q: Imineke niyo soko nziza ya potasiyumu?

Nubwo imineke ari isoko nziza ya potasiyumu, siyo ifite nyinshi. Ibiryo nk'ibirayi bifite uruhu, epinari, ibishyimbo, na avoka bikubiyemo potasiyumu nyinshi mu gice kimwe. Uburyo bwiza ni ukurya ibiryo bitandukanye bikungahaye kuri potasiyumu aho kwishingikiriza ku isoko imwe gusa.

Q: Potasiyumu nke ishobora gutera kongera ibiro?

Potasiyumu nke ubwayo ntigira uruhare mu kongera ibiro, ariko ishobora gutera kubika amazi no kubyimba bigatuma wumva uremereye. Abantu bamwe kandi bahura no gucika intege bigabanya urwego rw'ibikorwa byabo, bishobora gutuma habaho impinduka z'ibiro uko igihe kigenda.

Q: Urugero rwa potasiyumu rushobora kugarurwa vuba gute?

Ubuke bworoshye bwa potasiyumu bushobora gukira mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru bike hakoreshejwe impinduka mu mirire cyangwa imiti yongera intungamubiri. Ibyabaye bikomeye bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi byo kuvurwa mu rwego rwo kubisubiza uko byari bimeze. Muganga wawe azakurikiza uko urimo urushaho neza akoresheje ibizamini by'amaraso bya buri gihe kugira ngo yemeze ko urimo urushaho neza mu buryo bwizewe.

Q: Bishoboka ko wagira potasiyumu nyinshi cyane?

Yego, kugira potasiyumu nyinshi cyane (hyperkalemia) bishobora kuba bibi nk'uko kugira nkeya. Iyi ni yo mpamvu imiti yongera potasiyumu igomba gufatwa gusa hakurikijwe ubuyobozi bwa muganga, kandi ni yo mpamvu muganga wawe akurikirana urwego rwawe iyo avura potasiyumu nkeya. Impyiko zawe zisanzwe zigenzura neza potasiyumu, ariko ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kubangamira iyi nzira.