Ni iki 3D Mammogram? Intego, Uburyo & Ibivamo

3D mammogram, yitwa kandi digital breast tomosynthesis, ni ikizamini cyateye imbere cyo kugaragaza amashusho y'ibere gitanga amashusho arambuye, afite ibice by'imyanya y'ibere ryawe. Tekereza nk'aho ufata ibice bito byinshi by'ibere ryawe ukabishyira hamwe kugira ngo ubone mu myanya ihishanya ishobora guhisha ibibazo muri mammogram isanzwe.

Ubu buhanga bushya bufasha abaganga kumenya kanseri y'ibere hakiri kare kandi bugabanya gukenera ibizamini byo gukurikirana. Abagore benshi basanga 3D mammograms bibaha icyizere cyinshi mu byavuye mu isuzuma ryabo kuko bitanga amashusho asobanutse kandi arambuye.

Ni iki 3D mammogram?

3D mammogram ikoresha imirasire ya X-ray ifite urugero ruto kugira ngo ifate amashusho menshi y'ibere ryawe ku mpande zitandukanye. Icyuma kigenda mu ntera nto hejuru y'ibere ryawe, gifata amashusho buri milimetero nkeya kugira ngo gihange ishusho ya gatatu.

Bitandukanye na mammogram ya 2D isanzwe ishyira imyanya y'ibere ryawe mu ishusho imwe, 3D mammograms ituma abaganga b'indwara z'amaraso basuzuma imyanya y'ibere ryawe urwego ku rundi. Ibi bivuze ko bashobora kubona mu myanya y'ibere ifatanye neza kandi bakamenya ibitagenda neza bito bishobora guhishwa inyuma y'indi myanya.

Ubu buhanga bufasha cyane abagore bafite imyanya y'ibere ifatanye, aho imyanya isanzwe ishobora guhishanya kandi bigatuma bigorana kumenya kanseri. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko 3D mammograms zibona kanseri y'ibere yateye imbere hafi 40% ugereranije na 2D mammograms gusa.

Kuki 3D mammogram ikorwa?

3D mammograms zikorerwa cyane cyane kugira ngo zisuzume kanseri y'ibere no gukora iperereza ku bibazo by'ibere birambuye. Zifite agaciro cyane kuko zishobora kumenya kanseri mammograms isanzwe ishobora kubura, cyane cyane mu myanya y'ibere ifatanye.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba 3D mammogram niba ufite imyanya y'ibere ifatanye, ikora ku bagore bagera kuri 40% bafite imyaka irenga 40. Imyanya ifatanye igaragara yera kuri mammograms, kimwe na za tumor, bigatuma bigorana kumenya ibibazo hamwe n'amashusho ya 2D asanzwe.

Ushobora no kubona mammogram ya 3D niba ufite amateka y'umuryango ya kanseri y'ibere cyangwa ya ovari, ufite impinduka za genetike nka BRCA1 cyangwa BRCA2, cyangwa wigeze gukorerwa biopsy y'ibere. Abagore bamwe bahitamo mammogram ya 3D kubera amahoro yo mu mutwe aza no gupima birambuye.

Iyi tekinike ikoreshwa kandi mu gukora isuzuma iyo ufite ibimenyetso nka ibibyimba by'ibere, kubabara, cyangwa amasohoka mu ntoki. Muri ibi bihe, amashusho arambuye afasha abaganga kumenya icyateye ibimenyetso byawe niba hari izindi igeragezwa rikwiye gukorwa.

Ni iki gikorwa cya mammogram ya 3D?

Gikorwa cya mammogram ya 3D gisa cyane na mammogram isanzwe, bifata iminota 10-15 yose. Uzambara imyenda kuva ku rukenyerero hejuru kandi wambare ikanzu y'ibitaro ifunguka imbere, kimwe na mammogram isanzwe.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe ukora mammogram ya 3D:

1. Umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga azakugira ahagaze imbere y'imashini ya mammografi
2. Ibere ryawe rishyirwa ku gipapuro cya plastike cyiza kandi rigahuzwa buhoro na paddle iva hejuru
3. Urugo rw'imirasire ya X ruzunguruka mu ntera nto hejuru y'ibere ryawe, rifata amashusho menshi mumasegonda 4
4. Bizakenera guhagarika umwuka gato mugihe cyamashusho
5. Iyi nzira irasubirwamo kuburyo butandukanye, mubisanzwe amashusho abiri kuri buri bere
6. Amabere yombi afotorezwaho uburyo bumwe kugirango bigereranwe

Guhuzwa birashobora kumvikana nabi, ariko ni ngombwa gukwirakwiza igitambaro kimwe no kubona amashusho asobanutse. Abagore benshi basobanura ko kutumva neza ari igitutu gito aho kuba ububabare. Uburyo bwose bwo gufotora busanzwe bufata iminota itarenze 10.

Urashobora gusubira mubikorwa bisanzwe nyuma yaho ukoreye mammogram yawe. Ibisubizo bisanzwe biboneka muminsi mike, kandi muganga wawe azaguhamagara akubwire ibyavuye muri ibyo.

Uburyo bwo kwitegura mammogram yawe ya 3D?

Kitegura kubona mamogramu ya 3D biroroshye kandi bisa no kwitegura mamogramu iyo ari yo yose. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni guteganya igihe cy'isaha yo kubona serivisi mu gihe cy'ukwezi kw'imihango niba ukigira imihango.

Dore intambwe z'ingenzi zo kwitegura kugira ngo bifashe kugira uburambe bwiza:

• Teganya isaha yo kubona serivisi mu cyumweru gikurikira imihango yawe igihe amabere atari matoto cyane
• Irinde gukoresha deodorant, parfum, cyangwa ifu ku gice cy'igituza cyawe ku munsi wo gukorerwa isuzuma
• Jyana imyenda igizwe n'ibice bibiri kugira ngo ukuremo imyenda uhereye mu gice cyo hejuru gusa
• Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose urimo gufata
• Bwira umuganga niba ufite ibihindura isura byo mu mabere cyangwa wigeze kubagwa amabere mbere
• Bamenyeshe niba ushobora kuba utwite

Niba ufite ubwoba bw'iki gikorwa, tekereza gufata umuti wo kurwanya ububabare utagomba kwandikwa na muganga isaha imwe mbere yo guhura na muganga. Abagore benshi basanga ibi bifasha kugabanya ububabare ubwo ari bwo bwose buturuka ku gushyirwa mu cyuma.

Zana amashusho yawe ya mamogramu ya mbere niba ugiye ahantu hashya. Ibi bifasha abaganga b'indwara z'amaraso kugereranya amashusho yawe y'ubu n'ayo hambere kugira ngo bamenye impinduka zose zigaragara uko igihe kigenda.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe bya mamogramu ya 3D?

Ibisubizo byawe bya mamogramu ya 3D bizaza mu buryo bwa raporo itangwa n'umuganga w'indwara z'amaraso wasuzumye amashusho yawe. Iyo raporo ikoresha sisitemu isanzwe yitwa BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) kugira ngo ishyire mu byiciro ibyavumbuwe.

Dore icyo ibyiciro bitandukanye bya BI-RADS bisobanura kuri wowe:

• BI-RADS 0: Isuzuma rituzuye - ibindi bisuzumwa birakenewe
• BI-RADS 1: Ntabwo bibi - nta kidasanzwe cyabonetse
• BI-RADS 2: Ibintu byiza - ntabwo ari kanseri, gukurikiranwa buri mwaka
• BI-RADS 3: Birashoboka ko ari byiza - gukurikiranwa mu gihe gito birasabwa nyuma y'amezi 6
• BI-RADS 4: Ikidasanzwe gikekwa - biopsy igomba gutekerezwa
• BI-RADS 5: Bivuga cyane kanseri - biopsy irasabwa cyane
• BI-RADS 6: Kanseri izwi - kubera ibibazo aho kanseri imaze kumenyekana

Ibyavuye mu isuzuma rya mammogram akenshi bigwa mu byiciro bya 1 cyangwa 2, bivuze ko byose bisa nkibisanzwe cyangwa bigaragaza impinduka zitari kanseri. Niba wakira BI-RADS 0, ntugire impungenge - ibi bivuze gusa ko umuganga uzi iby'imirasire akeneye ibindi bisuzumwa cyangwa ibindi byerekana kugirango abone ishusho yuzuye.

Umuvuzi wawe azasobanura icyo ibisubizo byawe byihariye bisobanuye kandi aganire ku ntambwe zikurikira zasabwe. Wibuke ko nubwo ibindi bisuzumwa bikenewe, ibibazo byinshi byo mu mabere bigaragara ko ari byiza.

Ni izihe nyungu za mammogram ya 3D ugereranije na mammogram isanzwe?

Mammogram ya 3D itanga inyungu nyinshi z'ingenzi ugereranije na mammogram ya 2D isanzwe, ibituma ihitamo ryiza ryo gupima kanseri y'ibere. Inyungu ikomeye ni ukumenya kanseri neza, cyane cyane ku bagore bafite imitsi y'amabere yuzuye.

Dore inyungu z'ingenzi ushobora kwitega muri mammografi ya 3D:

• Ibona kanseri z'ibere zikomeye zikabije ku kigero cya 40% ugereranije na mammogram ya 2D gusa
• Igabanya ibisubizo by'ibinyoma kugeza kuri 40%, bivuze ko guhamagarwa kenshi bitari ngombwa
• Itanga amashusho asobanutse binyuze mu gice cy'ibere gifite umubyimba mwinshi
• Itanga ishusho nziza y'imipaka n'imiterere y'ibitagenda neza
• Ifasha gutandukanya hagati y'igice gisanzwe gisubiranamo n'ibitagenda neza nyabyo
• Ifasha abaganga b'indwara z'ibere kumenya neza aho ibintu byabonetse biherereye

Kugabanya ibisubizo by'ibinyoma ni ingenzi cyane kuko bivuze iminsi mike yo gutegereza ibizamini byongereweho bigaragaza ko byose ari bizima. Iri terambere mu buryo bw'ukuri rifitiye akamaro amahoro yawe n'ubuzima muri rusange.

Ku bagore bafite igice cy'ibere gifite umubyimba mwinshi, mammogram ya 3D irashobora guhindura ubuzima. Igice gifite umubyimba mwinshi gishobora guhisha ibibyimba kuri mammogram ya gakondo, ariko ishusho y'ibice bya tekinoloji ya 3D ifasha abaganga b'indwara z'ibere kubona neza binyuze muri iki gice.

Ese hari ibyago cyangwa imbogamizi za mammogram ya 3D?

Mammogram ya 3D muri rusange iratekanye cyane, ifite ibyago bike ku bagore benshi. Imirasire ihungabanya ni nini ugereranije na mammogram ya gakondo, ariko iracyafatwa nkito cyane kandi itekanye mu gusuzuma buri gihe.

Urugero rw'imirasire kuva muri mammogram ya 3D ni nka rwo wakwakira kuva ku mirasire isanzwe mu byumweru birindwi. Iyi nkongerano nto mu mirasire ifatwa nk'iyemewe bitewe n'akamaro kanini mu kumenya kanseri.

Hano hari imbogamizi nyamukuru n'ibitekerezo byo kwibuka:

• Igihe gito cyo gukora ikizamini ugereranije na mammogram ya 2D
• Birashobora kutagera kuri gahunda zose z'ubwishingizi
• Ntibiboneka ahantu hose hakorerwa ishusho
• Irashobora gucikanwa na kanseri zimwe, cyane cyane izo zitagaragara neza kuri X-ray
• Irashobora kumenya ibitagenda neza bito cyane bishobora kutazigera bitera ibibazo
• Irakenera guhuzwa, bishobora kutaba byiza

Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko nta kizamini cyo gupima cyuzuye. Nubwo mammogram ya 3D ari nziza mu kuvumbura kanseri y'ibere, ntishobora kuvumbura buri kanseri. Kanseri zimwe na zimwe ntizishobora kugaragara kuri mammogram y'ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose, ni yo mpamvu ibizamini by'ibere by'abaganga no kumenya impinduka mu mabere yawe bikomeza kuba by'ingenzi.

Niba ufite impungenge zerekeye imirasire, biganireho na muganga wawe. Ku bagore benshi, inyungu zo kuvumbura kanseri hakiri kare ziruta cyane ibyago bito by'imirasire.

Ni bande bakwiriye gukorerwa mammogram ya 3D?

Mammogram ya 3D isabwa ku bagore benshi bakwiriye gukorerwa isuzuma risanzwe rya mammography. Zifitiye akamaro cyane cyane amatsinda amwe y'abagore bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi cyangwa ibice by'ibere bigoye kwerekana.

Uri umukandida mwiza wa mammogram ya 3D niba ufite kimwe muri ibi biranga:

• Ibice by'ibere byinshi (bigira ingaruka ku bagore bagera kuri 40% bafite imyaka irenga 40)
• Amateka y'umuryango ya kanseri y'ibere cyangwa ya ovari
• Amateka yawe bwite ya kanseri y'ibere
• Impinduka za genetike nka BRCA1 cyangwa BRCA2
• Ibizamini by'ibere byabanje cyangwa ibice bifite ibyago byinshi
• Amateka ya terapi ya radiyo y'igituza
• Kugaruka mbere ho gushaka andi mashusho kuva muri mammogram ya 2D

Ariko, niyo utagera muri ibi byiciro by'ibyago byinshi, mammogram ya 3D iracyashobora kugufasha. Abagore benshi bazihitamo kubera gusa imikorere myiza n'umutuzo bitanga.

Icyo basaba ku myaka yo gukorerwa mammogram ya 3D gikurikiza amabwiriza amwe n'amwe nk'aya mammogram ya gakondo. Imiryango myinshi y'ubuvuzi itanga inama yo gutangira mammogram ya buri mwaka cyangwa buri myaka ibiri hagati y'imyaka 40-50, bitewe n'ibyago byawe n'ibyo ukunda.

Ganira na muganga wawe niba mammogram ya 3D ikwiriye kuri wowe. Bashobora kugufasha gupima inyungu zayo n'ibishobora kugabanuka bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bwite bumeze n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi.

Biba bite niba mammogram yanjye ya 3D yerekana ikidasanzwe?

Niba mammogram yawe ya 3D yerekana ikidasanzwe, gerageza kwibuka ko ibintu byinshi biba byiza. Hafi 80% bya biopsies z'ibere zigaragaza ko nta kanseri, bityo rero ibisubizo bidasanzwe ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri y'ibere.

Intambwe zawe zikurikira ziterwa n'icyo mammogram yasanze n'uko bisa nk'ibishoboka. Muganga wawe azasobanura uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze kandi agushyireho icyemezo cyiza cyo gukurikirana.

Ibi nibyo bikunda kuba nyuma y'ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya mammogram ya 3D:

1. Muganga wawe azaguhamagara kugirango baganire kubyo basanze n'intambwe zikurikira
2. Ushobora gukenera ibindi bisobanuro nk'isuzuma rya ultrasound cyangwa MRI
3. Rimwe na rimwe, mammogram yo gukurikirana mu mezi 6 irasabwa
4. Niba ikidasanzwe kisa nk'igishoboka, biopsy irashobora gusabwa
5. Umuhanga mu by'ibere ashobora kugishwa inama kugirango asuzume neza
6. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizagena uburyo bwo kwita ku buzima kandi rizakomeza kukumenyesha

Niba biopsy isabwe, uburyo bwa none butuma iki gikorwa kigenda neza kurusha mbere. Biopsies nyinshi z'ibere zikorwa nk'ibikorwa byo hanze hakoreshejwe anesthesia yaho, kandi mubisanzwe ushobora gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Wibuke ko kubona ikidasanzwe hakiri kare, kabone niyo byagaragara ko ari kanseri, muri rusange bituma haboneka ibisubizo byiza n'uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rirahari kugirango rigushyigikire mu bizami byose byongereweho cyangwa kuvurwa bishobora gukenerwa.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona muganga ku bijyanye n'ibisubizo bya mammogram ya 3D?

Ugomba guhamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba utaravugana nawe ku bijyanye n'ibisubizo byawe bya mammogram ya 3D mu byumweru bibiri nyuma y'isuzuma ryawe. Nubwo ibisubizo byinshi biboneka muminsi mike, rimwe na rimwe gutinda birashobora kubaho mugihe cyo gutanga raporo.

Ibiro bya muganga wawe bigomba kukuvugisha mbere kugirango bakubwire ibisubizo byawe, ariko burigihe birakwiriye gukurikirana niba nta kintu wumvise. Ntukagire ngo nta makuru ni amakuru meza mugihe cy'ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubuvuzi.

Ugomba kandi kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ubonye impinduka nshya ku mabere yawe hagati ya mammogram, kabone n'iyo mammogram yawe ya 3D iheruka yari isanzwe. Izi mpinduka zirimo:

• Uduheri dushya cyangwa gukomera mu ibere ryawe cyangwa mu kwaha
• Impinduka mu bunini cyangwa imiterere y'ibere
• Impinduka ku ruhu nk'ukwibumbagura, ukwihindagura, cyangwa umutuku
• Amavangingo ava mu konjo cyangwa impinduka mu isura y'ikonjo
• Urubavu rudasanzwe rw'ibere rutajya
• Ahantu hashya ho kubabara bihoraho

Niba ubonye ibisubizo bidasanzwe, muganga wawe azaguhamagara kugira ngo muganire ku ntambwe zikurikira. Ntuzuyaze kubaza ibibazo ku bisobanuro by'ibyo byavumbuwe n'icyo ugomba kwitega imbere.

Wibuke ko mammogram ari igice kimwe gusa cyo kwita ku buzima bw'ibere. Kwimenyereza ubuzima buri gihe, ibizamini by'amabere by'abaganga, no kuguma ku murongo w'ibizamini byasabwe byose bikorera hamwe kugira ngo bafate ibibazo hakiri kare igihe bivurwa cyane.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kuri mammogram ya 3D

Ese mammogram ya 3D iruta mammogram isanzwe ku mabere yuzuye?

Yego, mammogram ya 3D iruta cyane abagore bafite imitsi y'amabere yuzuye. Imitsi yuzuye igaragara yera kuri mammogram, kimwe n'uko ibibyimba bikora, bigatuma bigoye kumenya kanseri hamwe n'isura ya 2D isanzwe.

Isura y'amashusho ya mammogram ya 3D yemerera abaganga b'indwara z'amabere kureba neza imitsi yuzuye. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mammogram ya 3D ivumbura kanseri zinjira zigera kuri 40% mu bagore bafite amabere yuzuye ugereranije na mammogram ya 2D yonyine.

Ese mammogram ya 3D irababaza kurusha mammogram isanzwe?

Oya, mammogram ya 3D ntibabaza kurusha mammogram isanzwe. Ukwihisha n'imyanya ni kimwe na mammogram isanzwe. Itandukaniro rikuru ni uko umuyoboro wa X-ray ugenda mu ntera nto hejuru y'ibere ryawe, ariko ntuzumva uru rugendo.

Igihe cyo gukanda gishobora gutinda gato, ariko abagore benshi ntibabona itandukaniro rinini mu kutumva neza. Niba waragize mammogram zisanzwe mbere, urashobora kwitega ibintu bisa n'ibyo ufite mammographie ya 3D.

Nshobora kubona mammogram ya 3D inshuro zingahe?

Mammogram ya 3D ikurikiza inama zimwe zo guteganya nk'uko mammogram zisanzwe zikora. Imiryango myinshi y'ubuvuzi itanga inama zo gukora mammogram buri mwaka guhera ku myaka 40-50, bitewe n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga n'ibyo ukunda.

Niba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara kanseri y'ibere bitewe n'amateka y'umuryango, guhinduka kwa genetike, cyangwa ibindi bintu, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gutangira kare cyangwa gukora ibizamini kenshi. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukugumana uburyo bumwe n'igihe wowe na muganga wawe mwemeza ko bikora neza kuri wowe.

Ese mammogram ya 3D irishyurwa n'ubwishingizi?

Uburyo bwo kwishyura mammogram ya 3D butandukana bitewe na gahunda y'ubwishingizi n'ahantu. Gahunda nyinshi z'ubwishingizi ubu zirishyura mammogram ya 3D, cyane cyane ku bagore bafite imitsi y'ibere yuzuye cyangwa ibindi bintu bibashyira mu kaga.

Ganira n'umuguzi wawe w'ubwishingizi mbere yo guteganya kugira ngo usobanukirwe n'uburyo bwo kwishyura n'ibishobora gutwara amafaranga. Ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bitanga gahunda zo kwishyura cyangwa ibiciro bigabanyijwe niba wishyura ku giti cyawe.

Ese mammogram ya 3D ishobora kumenya ubwoko bwose bwa kanseri y'ibere?

Mammogram ya 3D ni nziza cyane mu kumenya ubwoko bwinshi bwa kanseri y'ibere, ariko nta kizamini cyo gupima kiba cyuzuye. Zirakora neza cyane mu gushaka kanseri zinjira no mu bwoko bwinshi bwa kanseri zo mu ntangiriro.

Kanseri zimwe na zimwe ntizishobora kugaragara neza kuri ubwo bwoko bwose bwa mammogram, harimo kanseri nto cyane cyangwa izo zitagaragaza impinduka zigaragara mu mitsi y'ibere. Ibi nibyo bituma ibizamini by'ibere by'abaganga no kumenya impinduka mu mabere yawe bikomeza kuba ibice by'ingenzi by'ubuzima bw'ibere.