Ni iki cyitwa Amniocentesis? Impamvu, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Amniocentesis ni isuzuma ryo mbere yo kuvuka aho muganga wawe afata icyitegererezo gito cy'amazi ya amniotike avuye ahagana ku mwana wawe mugihe cyo gutwita. Aya mazi asobanutse akikiza kandi akarinda umwana wawe mu nda, kandi arimo uturemangingo dutwara amakuru y'umurage w'umwana wawe. Iri suzuma rifasha kumenya indwara zimwe na zimwe zishingiye ku murage ndetse n'ubusumbane bwa kromozome, bikaguha wowe n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima amakuru y'ingenzi yerekeye ubuzima bw'umwana wawe.

Ni iki cyitwa amniocentesis?

Amniocentesis ni uburyo bwo gupima butuma hasuzumwa amazi ya amniotike kugirango hareberwe indwara zishingiye ku murage mu mwana wawe ukiri mu iterambere. Mugihe cyo gupima, urushinge ruto rushyirwa neza mu nda yawe rukajya mu gice cya amniotike kugirango hakusanywe amazi make. Aya mazi arimo uturemangingo tw'umwana wawe, dushobora gupimwa indwara nka Down syndrome, spina bifida, n'izindi ndwara zishingiye ku murage.

Ubu buryo bukorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 15 na 20 byo gutwita mugihe hari amazi ya amniotike ahagije yo gukusanya neza. Bitandukanye n'ibizamini byo gupima bisuzuma ibyago, amniocentesis itanga ibisubizo bifatika kubijyanye n'indwara zishingiye ku murage. Ifatwa nk'imwe mu bizamini byo gupima mbere yo kuvuka byizewe cyane, hamwe n'ibisubizo bifite ubuziranenge burenze 99% kubijyanye n'indwara bipimwa.

Kuki amniocentesis ikorwa?

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba amniocentesis niba ufite ibyago byiyongereye byo kubyara umwana ufite indwara zishingiye ku murage. Iri suzuma ritanga amakuru y'ingenzi ashobora gufasha wowe n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku gutwita kwawe no kwitegura kwita ku mwana wawe niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora gutuma muganga wawe agushishikariza gukora iki kizamini. Ushobora kuba ukwiriye gukora iki kizamini niba ufite imyaka 35 cyangwa urenzeho, kuko ibyago byo kugira ibibazo bya kromozomu byiyongera bitewe n'imyaka y'umubyeyi. Ibyegeranyo byabanje byerekana ibyago byiyongereye, amateka y'umuryango w'indwara zishingiye kuri jeni, cyangwa kuba waragize inda yagizweho ingaruka n'indwara zishingiye kuri jeni nabyo ni impamvu zisanzwe zo kugisaba.

Iki kizamini gishobora kumenya indwara zitandukanye zigira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwana wawe. Izi zirimo indwara za kromozomu nka Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, na Patau syndrome, kimwe n'ubusembwa bw'imitsi y'ubwonko nka spina bifida. Gishobora kandi kumenya indwara zimwe na zimwe zishingiye kuri jeni nka cystic fibrosis, indwara ya selile ya sickle, na Tay-Sachs disease igihe hari ibyago bizwi mu muryango.

Ni iki gikorerwa amniocentesis?

Uburyo bwa amniocentesis busanzwe bufata iminota 20 kugeza kuri 30 kandi bukorerwa mu biro bya muganga wawe cyangwa mu ivuriro ryihariye. Uzaryama ku meza yo gupimisha mugihe muganga wawe akoresha ultrasound kugirango ayobore uburyo bwose, akemeza umutekano w'umwana wawe muri ubu buryo.

Muganga wawe azatangira asukura inda yawe akoresheje umuti wica udukoko duto duto kandi ashobora gukoresha umuti wica udukoko wo mu gace kugirango ahumurize ako gace. Akoresheje kuyobora ultrasound buri gihe, bazashyira urushinge ruto, ruzerera mu rukuta rwawe rw'inda no mu gice cya amniotic. Ultrasound ifasha muganga wawe kwirinda umwana wawe na placenta mugihe ashaka igice cyiza cy'amazi ya amniotic.

Iyo urushinge rumaze gushyirwa neza, muganga wawe azakuramo buhoro ibiyiko bigera kuri 1 kugeza kuri 2 by'amazi ya amniotic. Ushobora kumva umuvuduko cyangwa kubabara gake muri iki gice, ariko kutumva neza birasanzwe kuba bigufi. Nyuma yo gukuraho urushinge, muganga wawe azareba umutima w'umwana wawe akugenzureho igihe gito kugirango yemeze ko byose bisa neza.

Amazi yakusanyijwe yoherezwa muri laboratori aho inzobere zigenzura selile z'umwana kugira ngo zirebe niba hari ibitagenda neza mu mikorere y'urugero rw'imikorere y'uturemangingo. Ibisubizo akenshi biboneka mu byumweru 1 kugeza kuri 2, nubwo ibizamini bimwe bishobora gutwara igihe kirekire bitewe n'indwara zirimo zigenzurwa.

Ni gute witegura amniocentesis yawe?

Kwitegura amniocentesis bikubiyemo kwitegura mu buryo bw'umubiri no mu byiyumvo. Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye, ariko muri rusange, ntuzagomba kwiyiriza cyangwa gukora impinduka zikomeye ku murimo wawe mbere y'igikorwa. Ariko, gukora intambwe zimwe zoroshye birashobora gufasha kumenya neza ko byose bigenda neza.

Uzagomba kwambara imyenda yoroshye, yagutse ituma urubuto rwawe rworoha. Tekereza kuzana umufatanyabikorwa ushyigikiye cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe kugira ngo agufashe mu byiyumvo no gufasha mu gutwara nyuma. Abaganga bamwe basaba kugira uruhago rwuzuye kugira ngo barebe neza ultrasound, mugihe abandi babikunda byuzuye, bityo ukurikize amabwiriza yawe yihariye.

Bisanzwe rwose kumva ufite impungenge kubyerekeye iki gikorwa, kandi kuganira impungenge zawe n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima mbere bishobora gufasha koroshya impungenge zawe. Menya neza impamvu ikizamini gisabwa nicyo ibisubizo bishobora kuvuga ku gutwita kwawe. Kugirana iki kiganiro mbere y'umunsi w'igikorwa birashobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kandi ufite icyizere.

Teganya koroshya ibintu umunsi wose nyuma ya amniocentesis yawe. Mugihe ushobora gusubira mubikorwa bisanzwe muminsi mike, kwirinda kuzamura ibintu biremereye no gukora imyitozo ikomeye mumasaha 24 kugeza kuri 48 birasabwa.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe bya amniocentesis?

Ibyavuye mu isuzuma rya amniocentesis mubisanzwe biroroshye - ni ibisanzwe cyangwa byerekana ibimenyetso by'indwara runaka ya genetike. Muganga wawe azaguhamagara akubwire ibyavuye mu isuzuma kandi ateganye gahunda yo gusuzuma ibyo bisobanuye kuri wowe no ku mwana wawe. Kumva ibi byavuye mu isuzuma ni ngombwa kugira ngo ufate ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku byerekeye inda yawe.

Ibyavuye mu isuzuma bisanzwe bisobanura ko indwara za genetike zasuzumwe zitagaragaye mu turemangingo tw'umwana wawe. Ibi ni inkuru nziza, ariko ni ngombwa kwibuka ko amniocentesis isuzuma indwara zimwe na zimwe gusa - ntigaragaza neza ko umwana wawe atazagira izindi ngorane z'ubuzima zitigeze zisuzumwa.

Niba habonetse ibisubizo bidasanzwe, muganga wawe azasobanura neza indwara yagaragaye n'icyo bisobanura ku buzima bw'umwana wawe n'imikurire ye. Zimwe mu ndwara zirashobora kuba zoroshye zitagira ingaruka nyinshi ku mibereho, mu gihe izindi zishobora kuba zikomeye. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizatanga amakuru arambuye ku ndwara runaka kandi rihuze na abajyanama ba genetike n'inzobere zishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa amahitamo yawe.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ibisubizo bishobora kutagaragaza neza cyangwa bikerekana ibintu bidasanzwe bisaba izindi nyigo. Muganga wawe azasobanura icyo ibi bisobanuro bisobanuye kandi agutere inkunga y'intambwe ikurikira, irimo gusubiramo isuzuma cyangwa kugisha inama inzobere za genetike.

Ni izihe mpamvu zishobora gutera ingorane muri amniocentesis?

Mugihe amniocentesis muri rusange itekanye, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera gato ibyago byawe byo guhura n'ingorane. Kumva ibi bintu byongera ibyago bifasha wowe na muganga wawe gufata icyemezo cyiza cyerekeye niba isuzuma rikwiye kuri wowe.

Abagore benshi bakora amniocentesis ntibagira ibibazo, ariko ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera gato ibyago byawe. Ibi birimo kugira indwara ikora, indwara zituma amaraso ava cyane, cyangwa ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo gutwita nka placenta previa. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze mbere yo kugusaba gukora iki gikorwa.

Gusama abana benshi (impanga, abana batatu) bishobora gutuma iki gikorwa kigora kandi kikongera gato ibyago. Byongeye kandi, niba ufite ibitagenda neza mu mura cyangwa inkovu zaturutse ku kubagwa kwabanje, muganga wawe ashobora gukenera gufata ingamba zidasanzwe cyangwa gusuzuma niba iri suzuma ryemewe.

Muganga wawe azaganira ku byago byawe byihariye kandi asobanure uko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gikorwa cyawe. Mu bihe byinshi, inyungu zo kubona amakuru yingenzi ya genetike ziruta ibyago bito, ariko iki cyemezo kigirwa ku giti cyawe bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa na amniocentesis?

Ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa na amniocentesis ni gake, zibaho ku bantu batarenze 1 kuri 300 kugeza kuri 500 bakora iki gikorwa. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumva izo ngaruka zishoboka kugirango ushobore gufata icyemezo gifitiye akamaro kandi umenye ibimenyetso byo kwitondera nyuma.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zihita zigaragara ni kuribwa gake no kuva amaraso make, akenshi bikemuka mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. Abagore bamwe baribwa gato ahantu urushinge rwashyizwe, bisa nkaho nyuma yo guterwa urushinge. Izi ngaruka nto ni ibisanzwe kandi ntizerekana ikibazo icyo aricyo cyose ku mwana wawe cyangwa gutwita.

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zikaba gake zirimo indwara, kuva amaraso, cyangwa kuva kw'amazi ya amniotike. Ibimenyetso byo kwitondera birimo umuriro, kuribwa cyane, kuva amaraso menshi, cyangwa kuva amazi mu gitsina cyawe. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya. Mu buryo budasanzwe, iki gikorwa gishobora gutera kubyara imburagihe cyangwa gutakaza umwana, ariko ibi bibaho ku bantu batarenze 1 kuri 400 bakora iki gikorwa.

Hari kandi amahirwe make y'uko urushinge rushobora gukora ku mwana wawe by'agateganyo mugihe cy'iki gikorwa. Nubwo ibi bisa nkibiteye impungenge, gukomereka bikomeye ku mwana biragoye cyane kuko iki gikorwa gikorerwa hakoreshejwe ultrasound ihoraho, kandi abana basanzwe bava mu rusinge mu buryo busanzwe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo gukora amniocentesis?

Ugomba guhita uvugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya niba wumva ibimenyetso bibabaje nyuma yo gukora amniocentesis. Nubwo abagore benshi bakira nta kibazo, kumenya icyo kwitondera bituma ubona ubufasha bwihuse niba bibaye ngombwa.

Hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba urwaye umuriro, ibikonjo, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwandura. Kuva amaraso menshi arenze pad imwe ku isaha, kubabara cyane mu nda cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi, cyangwa amazi ava mu gitsina cyawe ni izindi mpamvu zo gushaka ubufasha bwihuse. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bikeneye kuvurwa vuba.

Byongeye kandi, niba ubonye ko umwana atagenda cyane cyangwa ufite impungenge zerekeye imibereho y'umwana wawe nyuma y'iki gikorwa, ntugatinye kuvugana n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima. Bakunda kugusuzuma bakabona ko byose bimeze neza kuruta gucikanwa n'ikintu gikomeye.

Abaganga benshi bazategura gahunda yo gusuzuma nyuma y'iminsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru nyuma y'iki gikorwa kugirango barebe uko wiyongera kandi baganire ku ngaruka z'ibanze niba zihari. Guma kuri iyi gahunda nubwo wumva umeze neza, kuko ni igice cyingenzi cyo kukwitaho.

Ibikunze kubazwa kuri amniocentesis

Ese ikizamini cya amniocentesis ni cyiza mu kumenya indwara ya Down syndrome?

Yego, amniocentesis ni nziza cyane mu kumenya indwara ya Down syndrome, ifite igipimo cy'ukuri kirenze 99%. Bitandukanye n'ibizamini byo gupima gusa bigereranya ibyago, amniocentesis itanga icyemezo gihamye mugusuzuma chromosome z'umwana wawe ziri mu mazi ya amniotic.

Icyo kizamini gishobora kumenya indwara ya Down syndrome (trisomy 21) kimwe n'izindi ndwara ziterwa n'imikorere mibi y'imitsi nk'indwara ya Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) na Patau syndrome (trisomy 13). Niba warakoze ibizamini byerekana ko ushobora kurwara indwara ya Down syndrome, amniocentesis ishobora kuguha igisubizo cyumvikana neza niba umwana wawe arwaye.

Ese imyaka myinshi y'umubyeyi yongera ukeneye gukora amniocentesis?

Imyaka myinshi y'umubyeyi (imyaka 35 no hejuru) yongera amahirwe yo ko muganga wawe azagusaba gukora amniocentesis, ariko imyaka yonyine ntigena niba ukeneye icyo kizamini. Ibyago byo kugira ibitagenda neza mu mikorere y'imitsi byiyongera bitewe n'imyaka y'umubyeyi, bikazamuka kuva kuri 1 kuri 1,250 ku myaka 25 kugeza kuri 1 kuri 100 ku myaka 40.

Ariko, icyemezo cyo gukora amniocentesis kigomba gushingira ku miterere yawe bwite, harimo ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe, amateka y'umuryango wawe, n'ibyo ukunda. Abagore benshi bafite imyaka irenga 35 bahitamo gukora ibizamini byo mu gihembwe cya mbere cyangwa icya kabiri mbere, hanyuma bagafata icyemezo cyo gukora amniocentesis bashingiye kuri ibyo bisubizo.

Ese amniocentesis ishobora kumenya indwara zose ziterwa n'imiryango?

Oya, amniocentesis ntishobora kumenya indwara zose ziterwa n'imiryango, ariko ishobora kumenya nyinshi z'ingenzi. Icyo kizamini gikora neza cyane mu kumenya ibitagenda neza mu mikorere y'imitsi n'indwara zidasanzwe ziterwa n'imiryango muganga wawe agerageza gushingiye ku mateka y'umuryango wawe cyangwa inkomoko yawe.

Amniocentesis isanzwe isanzwe igerageza indwara zisanzwe ziterwa n'imikorere mibi y'imitsi nka Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, na Patau syndrome, kimwe n'ubusembwa bw'imitsi nk'indwara ya spina bifida. Ibizamini byongereweho byo mu muryango bishobora gukorwa ku gipimo kimwe niba ufite ibyago byo kurwara indwara zidasanzwe ziterwa n'imiryango nka cystic fibrosis cyangwa indwara ya sickle cell.

Ese amniocentesis irababaza?

Abagore benshi bavuga ko amniocentesis itaryoha cyane ahubwo itaryoshye. Ushobora kumva umuvuduko igihe urushinge rushyizwemo ndetse no kuribwa igihe amazi akurwamo, bisa no kuribwa mu gihe cy'imihango. Ibyo bitaryoha bikunze kumara iminota mike gusa mu gihe cy'igikorwa nyirizina.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugutera urushinge rwo mu gice runaka kugira ngo rutagira ububabare uruhu ahantu bashyizeho urushinge, ibyo bikaba byagabanya ibitari byiza. Abagore benshi basanga impungenge mbere y'igikorwa ari mbi kurusha igikorwa nyirizina. Guhumeka gahoro, cyane no kugira umuntu ugushyigikiye hamwe nawe bishobora kugufasha kumva umeze neza.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo bya amniocentesis?

Ibisubizo byinshi bya amniocentesis biboneka mu byumweru 1 kugeza kuri 2 nyuma y'igikorwa. Igihe biterwa n'ibizamini bikorwa n'ikigo gikora isesengura ry'icyitegererezo cyawe. Isesengura ry'ibanze rya chromosome rishobora gutegurwa vuba, mugihe ibizamini bya genetike bigoye bishobora gutwara igihe kirekire.

Muganga wawe akenshi azaguhamagara akubwire ibisubizo aho gutegereza gahunda, cyane cyane niba hari ibitagenda neza byabonetse. Hanyuma bazategura uruzinduko rwo gukurikirana kugira ngo baganire ku bisubizo birambuye kandi basubize ibibazo byose ushobora kuba ufite kubyerekeye icyo bisobanura ku gutwita kwawe.