Icyo Umubare wa Ankle-Brachial ari cyo? Impamvu, Urwego/Uburyo & Ibivamo

Umubare wa ankle-brachial (ABI) ni ikizamini cyoroshye, kitagira ububabare kigereranya umuvuduko w'amaraso mu kuguru kwawe n'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu kuboko kwawe. Iki gipimo cyihuse gifasha abaganga kumenya indwara y'imitsi yo ku ngingo (PAD), indwara aho imitsi yagabanutse igabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso mu maguru yawe n'ibirenge.

Bitekereze nk'igenzura ry'ubuzima ku bijyanye n'imikorere y'amaraso yawe. Iyo amaraso atembera neza mu mitsi y'amaraso yuzuye ubuzima, ibipimo by'umuvuduko hagati y'akaguru kawe n'ukuboko kwawe bigomba kuba bisa. Niba hari itandukaniro rikomeye, bishobora kugaragaza ko imitsi y'amaguru yawe itabona urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso rukenewe.

Icyo umubare wa ankle-brachial ari cyo?

Umubare wa ankle-brachial ni igipimo kigereranya umuvuduko w'amaraso mu kuguru kwawe n'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu kuboko kwawe. Muganga wawe abara ibi yongeranya umuvuduko w'akaguru kawe n'umuvuduko w'ukuboko kwawe, akaguha umubare ugaragaza uko amaraso atembera neza mu ngingo zo hasi.

Gusoma bisanzwe kwa ABI mubisanzwe biri hagati ya 0.9 na 1.3. Ibi bivuze ko umuvuduko w'amaraso mu kuguru kwawe uri hafi 90% kugeza kuri 130% y'umuvuduko mu kuboko kwawe. Iyo iki gipimo kigabanutse munsi ya 0.9, bigaragaza ko imitsi y'amaguru yawe ishobora kuba yaragabanutse cyangwa yafunze, bishobora kugaragaza indwara y'imitsi yo ku ngingo.

Ikizamini ni ukuri koroshye kandi bifata iminota mike gusa kugirango kirangire. Ntabwo uzakenera gutegura byihariye, kandi nta n'ububabare burimo. Ni kimwe mu bikoresho byizewe cyane abaganga bafite byo gukemura ibibazo by'imikorere y'amaraso hakiri kare.

Kuki umubare wa ankle-brachial ukorwa?

Abaganga bakoresha umubare wa ankle-brachial cyane cyane kugirango bagenzure indwara y'imitsi yo ku ngingo, indwara ifata abantu babarirwa muri miliyoni ku isi hose. PAD ibaho iyo ibinure byiyongera mu mitsi y'amaguru yawe, bigabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso mu birenge byawe n'amaguru.

Kumenya kare ni ingenzi kuko PAD akenshi yigaragaza mu buryo butagaragara nta bimenyetso bigaragara. Abantu benshi ntibamenya ko bafite ibibazo byo gutembera kw'amaraso kugeza igihe icyo kibazo cyazamutse cyane. Ikizamini cya ABI gishobora kugaragaza ibi bibazo mbere yuko biba ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba iki kizamini niba ufite ibintu bikongerera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'imitsi. Ibi birimo diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kolesteroli nyinshi, amateka yo kunywa itabi, cyangwa kuba ufite imyaka irenga 65. Ikizamini kandi gifite akamaro niba urimo kumva ububabare mu kuguru iyo ugenda, ibikomere bikira bigurumuka ku birenge byawe, cyangwa ubukonje mu maguru yawe.

Usibye gupima, ABI ifasha abaganga gukurikirana indwara y'imitsi yo ku ruhande ihari no gusuzuma uburyo imiti ikora neza. Ifite kandi akamaro mu gusuzuma ibyago byawe byose by'umutima n'imitsi, kuko PAD akenshi yerekana ibibazo bisa nk'ibyo mu zindi mitsi mu mubiri wawe wose.

Ni iki gikorerwa kugirango umenye igipimo cy'akaguru n'ukuboko?

Uburyo bwo gupima igipimo cy'akaguru n'ukuboko ni bworoshye cyane kandi bifata iminota 10 kugeza kuri 15 kugirango birangire. Uzaryama neza ku meza yo gupimiraho mugihe umuganga wawe apima umuvuduko w'amaraso mu maboko yawe yombi no mu birenge ukoresheje igikoresho gisanzwe gipima umuvuduko w'amaraso n'igikoresho cyihariye cyitwa Doppler.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo gupimwa:

1. Uzava inkweto n'amasogisi yawe ukaryama ugaramye
2. Umuvuzi ashyira ibikoresho bipima umuvuduko w'amaraso ku maboko yombi no ku birenge byombi
3. Bashyira gel ya ultrasound ku ruhu rwawe aho bazagenzurira imitsi
4. Bakoresheje igikoresho cya Doppler, bashaka imitsi mu kuboko kwawe hanyuma bagafungura igikoresho
5. Bagabanya gahoro gahoro umuvuduko mugihe bateze amatwi igihe amaraso agaruka
6. Uko gukora bikorwa ku kaguru kamwe kamwe, bagenzura imitsi mu birenge byawe
7. Umuvuzi wawe abara umubare wo kugabanya umuvuduko w'akaguru ukagabanya umuvuduko w'ukuboko

Icyuma cya Doppler cyongera amajwi y'amaraso atembera mu miyoboro y'amaraso yawe, bigatuma umuganga wawe abasha kumenya n'umutima utera gake. Ushobora kumva amajwi asa n'aho avuza mu gihe cy'ikizamini, ibyo bisanzwe kandi ni amajwi y'amaraso yawe yongerewe imbaraga.

Ubu buryo ntibubabaza na gato. Uzumva uko igikoresho gipima umuvuduko w'amaraso kizunguruka, ariko ntakindi kigutera ikibazo uretse uko bimeze mu gihe bapima umuvuduko w'amaraso. Abantu benshi basanga iki kizamini kiruhura.

Ni gute wakwitegura ikizamini cy'urugingo rw'ukuguru n'ukuboko?

Ikintu cyiza ku kizamini cy'urugingo rw'ukuguru n'ukuboko ni uko kidasaba kwitegura cyane. Urashobora kurya uko bisanzwe, gufata imiti yawe isanzwe, no gukora ibikorwa byawe bisanzwe mbere yo kujya mu kizamini.

Hariho ibintu bike byoroshye byo kuzirikana kugirango ikizamini cyawe kigende neza:

• Wambare imyenda yoroshye, itagufunga cyane kugirango byorohereze kubona amaboko n'amaguru yawe
• Irinde amasogisi afunga cyane cyangwa amasitokini ashobora gusiga ibimenyetso ku birenge byawe
• Gerageza kuruhuka byibuze iminota 5 mbere y'ikizamini kugirango ubone ibipimo by'ukuri
• Menyesha umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'imiti yose ufata, cyane cyane imiti ifasha amaraso gutembera neza
• Vuga niba ufite indwara z'uruhu cyangwa ibikomere ku maboko yawe cyangwa amaguru yawe

Niba unywa itabi, gerageza kwirinda kunywa itabi byibuze iminota 30 mbere y'ikizamini, kuko nicotine ishobora guhindura by'agateganyo ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, niba umaze gukora imyitozo ikomeye, menyesha umuganga wawe kugirango babashe gutegereza igihe cyongerewe kugirango amaraso yawe agaruke mu buryo busanzwe.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi, ntugahagarike umutima ku bijyanye n'ibisubizo by'ikizamini mbere y'igihe. ABI ni igikoresho cyo gupima, kandi niba hari ibibazo byagaragaye, itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rizakorana nawe kugirango ribikemure. Wibuke, kumenya hakiri kare ibibazo by'imikorere y'amaraso biguha amahirwe meza yo kuvurwa neza.

Ni gute usoma ikizamini cy'urugingo rw'ukuguru n'ukuboko?

Kumva ibisubizo byawe bya ankle-brachial index biroroshye iyo umenye icyo imibare isobanura. Igisubizo cyawe kizagaragazwa nk'umubare wa decimal, akenshi uhindagurika kuva kuri 0.4 kugeza kuri 1.4, uwo ukaba ugaragaza umubano uri hagati y'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu gice cy'akaguru n'ukuboko.

Dore uburyo bwo gusobanura ibisubizo byawe bya ABI:

• 1.0 kugeza kuri 1.3: Gusirkula gusa n'amaraso meza ajya mu maguru yawe
• 0.9 kugeza kuri 0.99: Ku rugero ruto, bigaragaza ukugabanuka guto kw'imitsi bikwiriye gukurikiranwa
• 0.8 kugeza kuri 0.89: Indwara y'imitsi y'amaraso yo ku ruhande ruto hamwe n'ukugabanuka k'amaraso
• 0.5 kugeza kuri 0.79: PAD yo hagati isaba ubuvuzi n'imibereho ihinduka
• Munsi ya 0.5: PAD ikomeye isaba isuzuma ry'ubuvuzi ako kanya
• Hehe ya 1.3: Bishobora kugaragaza imitsi ikomeye, akenshi bigaragara muri diyabete cyangwa indwara y'impyiko

ABI isanzwe ntibisobanura ko imitsi yawe itunganye, ariko bigaragaza ko amaraso ajya mu maguru yawe ahagije. Niba igipimo cyawe kiri ku rugero ruto cyangwa kidahwitse, ntugahungabane. Abantu benshi bafite PAD ntoya babaho ubuzima busanzwe, bukora neza hamwe n'imicungire ikwiye.

Muganga wawe azatekereza ibisubizo byawe bya ABI hamwe n'ibimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga kugirango amenye niba ibindi bizami cyangwa imiti bikenewe. Rimwe na rimwe, itandukaniro rito mu bipimo rishobora kubaho bitewe n'ibintu nk'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba cyangwa ibikorwa bya vuba, bityo umuganga wawe ashobora gusaba gusubiramo ikizamini kugirango yemeze ibisubizo.

Ni gute wakosora ankle-brachial index yawe?

Guteza imbere ankle-brachial index yawe byibanda ku guteza imbere amaraso ajya mu maguru yawe no gukumira ukugabanuka kw'imitsi. Inkuru nziza ni uko abantu benshi bashobora kunoza cyane gusirkula kwabo binyuze mu guhindura imibereho, kandi, mugihe bibaye ngombwa, imiti.

Gu hindura imibereho ni ishingiro ryo kunoza ABI yawe n'ubuzima bw'imitsi muri rusange:

• Kora imyitozo buri gihe: Gahunda zo kugenda zifasha cyane mu guteza imbere imikorere y'imitsi izenguruka imitsi yazibye
• Reka kunywa itabi: Kureka kunywa itabi ni intambwe y'ingenzi cyane mu guteza imbere imikorere y'amaraso
• Genzura diyabete: Genzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaraso
• Genzura umuvuduko w'amaraso: Guma ku bipimo biri munsi ya 130/80 mmHg ukoresheje imirire, imyitozo, n'imiti niba bibaye ngombwa
• Gabanya kolesteroli: Gabanya LDL kolesteroli kugira ngo utambuka kw'ibinure mu mitsi y'amaraso bigende bigenda
• Guma ku gipimo cy'ubuzima bwiza: Uburemere burenzeho bushyira umuvuduko wiyongera ku mikorere y'amaraso yawe

Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba ngombwa ku bibazo bikomeye by'imikorere y'amaraso. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba imiti yo guteza imbere imikorere y'amaraso, kwirinda amaraso gupfundika, cyangwa gukemura ibibazo byateye nk'indwara ya diyabete n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, uburyo nka angioplasty cyangwa kubaga bishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere y'amaraso.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugukorana bya hafi n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi kugira ngo utegure gahunda yagenewe imiterere yawe. Abantu benshi babona impinduka zigaragara muri ABI yabo mu mezi make nyuma yo gukora impinduka zihamye mu mibereho yabo, cyane cyane hamwe n'imyitozo ya buri gihe no kureka kunywa itabi.

Ni ikihe gipimo cyiza cy'urugero rw'akaguru n'ukuboko?

Urugero rwiza rw'akaguru n'ukuboko ruri hagati ya 1.0 na 1.2, bikerekana ko umuvuduko w'amaraso mu kaguru kawe hafi y'uburinganire cyangwa mwinshi kurusha umuvuduko mu kuboko kwawe. Uru rugero rutanga imikorere myiza y'amaraso nta nzitizi zigaragara mu mitsi y'amaraso y'ukuguru kwawe.

ABI ya 1.0 bisobanura ko umuvuduko w'akaguru kawe ungana n'umuvuduko w'ukuboko kwawe, ibyo bikaba bisanzwe kandi bifite ubuzima bwiza. Ibyo bipimo biri hagati ya 1.0 na 1.2 bifatwa nk'ibitanga umusaruro mwiza kuko byerekana imikorere myiza y'amaraso hatagaragajwe imitsi y'amaraso yuzuye.

Nubwo gusoma kugeza kuri 1.3 bigihitwa ko bisanzwe, agaciro gakomeye kurenza 1.3 gashobora kwerekana ko imitsi yawe yagizwe imikara cyangwa yashyizwemo calcium. Iyi ndwara, yitwa medial sclerosis, ikunda kuboneka cyane mu bantu barwaye diyabete cyangwa indwara y'impyiko ihoraho. Imitsi ikomeye irashobora gutuma gusoma kwa ABI kutizewe mu kumenya ibiziba.

Birakwiye kwitondera ko

• Umunwa w'itabi: Gukoresha itabi byongera cyane ibyago kandi byihutisha ifungana ry'imitsi y'amaraso
• Indwara ya diyabete: Isukari nyinshi mu maraso yangiza imitsi y'amaraso kandi yongera ibyago bya PAD ku nshuro 2-4
• Umubyibuho ukabije: Umubyibuho udasanzwe wongera umuvuduko ku nkuta z'imitsi y'amaraso
• Cholesterol nyinshi: Cholesterol ya LDL yiyongereye ituma habaho kwiyongera kw'imyanda y'uburozi
• Imyaka irenga 65: Imitsi y'amaraso isanzwe igabanuka ubworoherane kandi ikarushaho gufungana uko imyaka igenda yiyongera
• Amateka y'umuryango: Ibintu by'umurage bishobora gutuma ugira indwara z'umutima
• Umubyibuho ukabije: Uburemere burenze urugero bwongera umuvuduko n'umunaniro ku mikorere y'amaraso yawe
• Imibereho idakora cyane: Kubura imyitozo ngororamubiri bituma amaraso atagenda neza

Ibindi bintu bike ariko by'ingenzi byongera ibyago birimo indwara ya kronike y'impyiko, indwara zifata imitsi nk'indwara ya rheumatoid arthritis, n'amateka y'indwara z'umutima cyangwa situroke. Abanyafurika-Amerika n'abantu bafite umuco wa Hisipaniya nabo bahura n'ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara y'imitsi y'amaraso.

Ibyago byinshi ufite, ni nako amahirwe yo kurwara ibibazo by'imikorere y'amaraso yiyongera. Ariko, byinshi muri ibyo bintu bishobora guhindurwa binyuze mu mpinduka z'imibereho no kuvurwa neza kwa muganga, bikaguha uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuzima bw'imitsi yawe.

Mbese ni byiza kugira index y'akaguru n'ukuboko iri hejuru cyangwa hasi?

Nta gipimo cyo hejuru cyane cyangwa gito cyane cy'index y'akaguru n'ukuboko cyiza. Intego ni ukugira ABI iri mu kigereranyo gisanzwe cya 0.9 kugeza kuri 1.3, kigaragaza imikorere y'amaraso nziza idafite imitsi y'amaraso ifunganye cyangwa ifunze.

ABI yo hasi (munsi ya 0.9) yerekana ko imitsi yo ku birenge byawe yagabanutse cyangwa yazibye, bigabanya amaraso ajya mu birenge n'amaguru yawe. Iyi ndwara, izwi nka indwara y'imitsi yo ku birenge, ishobora kuvamo ibibazo bikomeye niba itavuwe. Ibisubizo byo hasi ni ibintu bikwiye kwitabwaho kandi bisaba ubufasha bw'abaganga.

Ku rundi ruhande, ABI yo hejuru (irenze 1.3) ntibisobanura ko ari byiza. Ibisubizo byazamutse akenshi byerekana ko imitsi yawe yahindutse ikomeye cyangwa yashizemo umunyu wa kalisiyumu, ibyo bishobora kubaho ku bantu barwaye diyabete, indwara z'impyiko, cyangwa mu zabukuru. Imitsi ikomeye ntishobora gukomera neza mu gihe cy'igeragezwa, bigatuma haboneka ibisubizo byo hejuru bidahuye neza n'uko amaraso atembera neza.

Iyo ABI yawe iri hejuru cyane, muganga wawe ashobora gukenera ibindi bigeragezo nk'urugero rwa toe-brachial cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho byerekana uko amaraso atembera kugira ngo abone ishusho nyayo y'uko amaraso atembera. Ibisubizo byo hejuru cyane bishobora kandi kwerekana ibyago byiyongereye by'indwara z'umutima n'imitsi, kabone n'iyo uko amaraso atembera mu maguru yawe bisa nkaho bikora neza.

Ahantu heza ni ugukomeza ABI hagati ya 1.0 na 1.2, ibyo bikerekana uko amaraso atembera neza hamwe n'imitsi ifite ubuzima bwiza kandi yoroshye. Uru rwego rugaragaza ko umutima wawe utera amaraso neza mu maguru yawe hatabayeho imbogamizi zikomeye zituruka ku mitsi yagabanutse cyangwa yakomeye.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa n'urugero ruto rwa ankle-brachial?

Urugero ruto rwa ankle-brachial rugaragaza igabanuka ry'amaraso ajya mu maguru yawe n'ibirenge, ibyo bishobora kuvamo ibibazo bikomeye niba bitavuwe neza. Kumva ibi bibazo bishobora gutuma uhindura imibereho yawe kandi ukavurwa mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi bushobora gukumira cyangwa kugabanya ibi bibazo.

Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara byo kutagenda neza kw'amaraso mu maguru bitera buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda.

• Kubabara ukuguru igihe ugenda (claudication): Imitsi ntabwo ibona umwuka uhagije igihe ikora imirimo, bigatuma habaho kubabara cyangwa kuribwa
• Gukira kw'ibikomere bitinda: Ibyo ukomereka, ibisebe, cyangwa ibikomere ku birenge byawe n'amaguru bitinda gukira
• Impinduka z'uruhu: Amaguru yawe ashobora guhinduka umweru, ubururu, cyangwa akagira isura imurika
• Kutagira umusatsi: Kugabanya imikorere y'amaraso bishobora gutuma umusatsi uhagarara gukura ku maguru yawe n'ibirenge
• Ibibazo by'inzara: Inzara zo ku birenge zirashobora kuba nini, zikagira ubukana, cyangwa zigakura buhoro
• Kutiyumva ku bushyuhe: Ibirenge byawe n'amaguru birashobora kumva bihora bikonja

Ibyago bikomeye birashobora kuvuka mu gihe ibintu bikomeye cyane aho imikorere y'amaraso igabanuka cyane. Ibi birimo kubabara bihoraho kabone n'iyo uri mu kiruhuko, ibisebe bitakira, kandi mu bihe bidasanzwe, urupfu rw'imyanya (gangrene) rushobora gusaba gukebwa.

Abantu bafite ABI ntoya kandi bahura n'akaga gakomeye ko gufatwa n'umutima na situroke kuko uburyo bwo kurwara bumwe bugira ingaruka ku miyoboro y'amaraso yo ku kuguru akenshi bigira ingaruka ku miyoboro y'amaraso yo ku mutima no mu bwonko. Ariko, hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'imibereho ihinduka, abantu benshi bafite PAD barashobora kwirinda ibi bibazo bikomeye kandi bagakomeza ubuzima bwiza.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'urwego rwo hejuru rwa ankle-brachial index?

Mugihe urwego rwo hejuru rwa ankle-brachial index rushobora kugaragara nk'aho ruri hejuru y'urwo hasi, gusoma hejuru ya 1.3 birashobora kugaragaza gukomera kw'imitsi y'amaraso bitera ibibazo byayo. Ibi bibazo akenshi bifitanye isano n'ibibazo byateye gukomera kw'imitsi y'amaraso aho kuba ABI yo hejuru ubwayo.

Gusoma kwa ABI yo hejuru akenshi bibaho ku bantu barwaye diyabete, indwara y'impyiko ihoraho, cyangwa mu zabukuru, kandi ingaruka akenshi zigaragaza ibi bibazo byateye:

• Ibibazo byo mu maraso byihishe: Imitsi y'amaraso y'igifu ishobora guhisha ibibazo by'ukuri, bigatuma bigorana kumenya PAD
• Kuzamuka kw'ibibazo by'umutima n'imitsi y'amaraso: Imitsi y'amaraso y'igifu akenshi yerekana indwara y'imitsi y'amaraso yagutse
• Gukira nabi kw'ibikomere: Nubwo imitsi y'amaraso isa naho isanzwe, gukira kw'imyenda birashobora kuba bigihungabanye
• Ibibazo bya diyabete: ABI yo hejuru muri diyabete akenshi yerekana indwara ya mikrovaskulari yateye imbere
• Ibibazo bifitanye isano n'impyiko: Imitsi y'amaraso y'igifu irashobora gutuma imikorere y'impyiko irushaho kuba mibi uko igihe kigenda

Ikintu cy'ingenzi gihangayikishije kuri ABI yo hejuru ni uko ishobora gutanga icyizere cy'ibinyoma ku bijyanye n'ubuzima bw'imitsi yawe y'amaraso. Muganga wawe ashobora gukenera ibindi bizami kugira ngo abone ishusho nyayo y'imigezi y'amaraso mu maguru yawe no mu birenge byawe. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ibipimo bya index ya toe-brachial cyangwa ibindi byegeranyo by'amashusho yateye imbere.

Abantu bafite ibipimo bya ABI bihora byo hejuru bakeneye gukurikiranwa neza indwara z'umutima n'imitsi y'amaraso kandi bashobora gukenera gucunga neza ibibazo by'ibanze nka diyabete cyangwa indwara y'impyiko. Intego ni ukurinda iterambere ry'imitsi y'amaraso y'igifu mugihe cyose cyemeza imigezi ihagije y'amaraso mu ngingo zawe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga kubera index ya ankle-brachial?

Ukwiriye gutekereza kubona ikizamini cya index ya ankle-brachial niba ufite ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'imitsi y'amaraso cyangwa urimo guhura n'ibimenyetso bishobora kwerekana ibibazo by'imigezi y'amaraso. Kumenya no kuvura hakiri kare birashobora gukumira ibibazo bikomeye kandi bigateza imbere imibereho yawe.

Ibyiciro byinshi bikeneye kuganirwaho na muganga wawe ku bijyanye no gupima ABI:

• Ukoze imyaka 65: Kugenzura buri gihe birasabwa hatitawe ku bimenyetso
• Urubavu rubabaza iyo ugenda: Kubabara, kuribwa, cyangwa kunanirwa mu maguru yawe igihe ukora imyitozo
• Ibyonda bikira bigurumuka: Ibyonda cyangwa ibikomere ku birenge byawe cyangwa amaguru bitakira mu gihe gisanzwe
• Uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze: Diyabete, kunywa itabi, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cyangwa kolesteroli nyinshi
• Amateka y'umuryango: Abantu bo mu muryango wawe wa hafi bafite indwara y'imitsi yo ku ruhande cyangwa indwara z'umutima
• Ibibazo by'ibirenge: Ibirenge bikonja, guhinduka kw'amabara, cyangwa kugabanuka kw'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu birenge byawe

Ugomba kwihutira kujya kwa muganga niba ubonye urubavu rubabaza cyane igihe uruhutse, ibikomere bidakira, cyangwa ibimenyetso byose byo kwandura mu bikomere byo ku birenge byawe cyangwa amaguru yawe. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kwerekana ibibazo byateye imbere byo mu maraso bisaba kuvurwa byihutirwa.

Niba waramaze gukora isuzuma rya ABI kandi ibisubizo byawe bitari bisanzwe, kurikiza inama za muganga wawe zo gukurikiranwa no gukora ibindi bizami. Kugenzura buri gihe bifasha gukurikirana impinduka mu maraso yawe no guhindura imiti uko bikwiye.

Ntugategereze ko ibimenyetso biba bikomeye mbere yo gushaka isuzuma. Abantu benshi bafite indwara y'imitsi yo ku ruhande hakiri kare ntibagira ibimenyetso na gato, bituma ibizamini byo kugenzura nka ABI bifite akamaro cyane mu kubona indwara hakiri kare no kuyirinda.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye n'urugero rwa ankle-brachial

Q.1 Ese igipimo cya ankle-brachial ni cyiza mu kumenya indwara z'umutima?

Igipimo cya ankle-brachial ni cyiza cyane mu kumenya indwara y'imitsi yo ku ruhande mu maguru yawe, kandi gishobora gutanga amakuru y'agaciro ku buzima bwawe bw'imitsi y'umutima muri rusange. Nubwo itavumbura mu buryo butaziguye indwara z'umutima, ABI yo hasi akenshi yerekana ko ufite atherosclerosis (imitsi ifunga) ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mitsi y'umutima wawe.

Abantu barwaye indwara y’imitsi y’amaraso mu ngingo z’umubiri bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n’umutima utera cyane n’umuvundo mu bwonko kuko iyo ndwara imwe ifunga imitsi y’amaguru akenshi igira ingaruka ku mitima n’imitsi y’ubwonko. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu bafite ABI yo hasi bafite ibyago byo guhura n’ibibazo by’umutima byikubye 2-3 ugereranije n’abafite ibisomwa bisanzwe.

Muganga wawe azakoresha ibisubizo bya ABI nk’igice cy’isuzuma ry’ibyago by’umutima. Niba ABI yawe idasanzwe, ashobora kugusaba ibindi bizami byihariye ku mutima wawe, nk’icyemezo cya EKG, isuzuma ry’imihangayiko, cyangwa echocardiogram kugira ngo abone ishusho yuzuye y’ubuzima bw’umutima wawe.

Q.2 Ese index y’akaguru-brachial yo hasi itera kubabara kw’amaguru?

Index y’akaguru-brachial yo hasi ntiteranya kubabara kw’amaguru, ariko yerekana kugabanuka kw’amaraso bishobora gutera kubabara igihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Ubu bwoko bw’ububabare, bita claudication, bubaho iyo imitsi y’amaguru yawe itabona amaraso ahagije arimo umwuka mwiza igihe ukora imyitozo cyangwa ugenda.

Claudication akenshi yumvikana nk’ububabare, kuribwa, cyangwa kunanirwa mu gice cy’inyuma cy’ukuguru, ikibero, cyangwa imitsi y’ikibuno. Ubu bubabare akenshi butangira nyuma yo kugenda intera runaka kandi bugashira iyo uruhutse. Uko imitsi y’amaraso igenda iba mibi, intera ushobora kugenda mbere yo guhura n’ububabare ishobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro.

Si buri wese ufite ABI yo hasi uhura n’ububabare bw’amaguru. Abantu bamwe bagira inzira zindi z’amaraso (collateral circulation) zifasha kugumana amaraso ahagije nubwo imitsi y’amaraso yagabanutse. Ariko, niba ufite ABI yo hasi kandi ukababara amaguru, ni ngombwa gukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo uteze imbere imitsi y’amaraso kandi ucunge ibimenyetso.

Q.3 Ese ibisubizo bya index y’akaguru-brachial bishobora guhinduka uko igihe kigenda?

Yego, ibisubizo bya index y’akaguru-brachial rwose birashobora guhinduka uko igihe kigenda, kandi gukurikirana izi mpinduka bifasha muganga wawe gukurikirana uko indwara y’imitsi y’amaraso mu ngingo z’umubiri ikomeza kandi agasuzuma imikorere y’imiti. Impinduka zishobora kubaho mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’imitsi y’amaraso yawe.

ABI yawe ishobora kuzamuka uhinduye imibereho yawe, urugero nko gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, kureka itabi, no gucunga neza diyabete, umuvuduko w'amaraso, na kolesteroli. Abantu benshi babona impinduka zigaragara muri ABI yabo mu mezi 6-12 nyuma yo gukora impinduka nziza zihoraho, cyane cyane hamwe na gahunda zo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri zigenzurwa.

Ku rundi ruhande, ABI yawe ishobora kuzamba niba indwara y'imitsi yo ku ngingo ikomeje, cyane cyane niba ibintu byongera ibyago bitagenzurwa neza. Ibi nibyo bituma muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupimwa ABI buri gihe kugirango akurikirane uko amaraso yawe agenda mu gihe, kandi agahindura uburyo bwo kuvura uko bikwiye.

Q.4 Ese igipimo cya ankle-brachial index kirababaza?

Igipimo cya ankle-brachial index ntigishobora kubabaza na gato kandi kimeze neza nkuko bapima umuvuduko w'amaraso mu gihe cyo gusuzuma uburwayi busanzwe. Uzumva uko igitambaro gipima umuvuduko w'amaraso kizunguruka ku kuboko kwawe no ku kaguru kawe, ariko ntakindi kidasanzwe.

Mugihe cyo gupimwa, uzaryama neza ku meza yo gupimiraho mugihe umuganga wawe ashyira gel ya ultrasound ku ruhu rwawe akoresha igikoresho cya Doppler kugirango abone imitsi yawe. Gel ishobora kumva ikonjesha gato, ariko ntibibabaza. Igikoresho cya Doppler gihagarara gusa ku ruhu rwawe kandi ntigiteza icyiyumvo icyo aricyo cyose.

Uburyo bwose bufata iminota 10-15, kandi abantu benshi babisanga biruhura. Ushobora kumva amajwi yongerewe y'imigezi y'amaraso yawe binyuze mu gikoresho cya Doppler, ibyo bisanzwe rwose kandi bigaragaza gusa ko igipimo gikora neza.

Q.5 Ni kangahe nkwiriye gupimisha ankle-brachial index?

Kenshi gupimisha ankle-brachial index biterwa nibintu byongera ibyago byawe, ibimenyetso, nibisubizo bya mbere byo gupimwa. Kubantu benshi, ABI ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo gupima rimwe gusa, ariko ibihe bimwe bisaba gukurikirana kenshi.

Niba ABI yawe ya mbere ari ibisanzwe kandi nta bimenyetso cyangwa ibyago ufite, mubisanzwe ntuzakenera gukora ibizamini byongera kugeza igihe ubuzima bwawe buhindutse. Ariko, niba ugize ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa ibyago nk'umurwayi wa diyabete, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora isuzuma rya buri gihe.

Abantu bafite ibisubizo bitari ibisanzwe bya ABI mubisanzwe bakenera gukora ibizamini byongera buri mezi 6-12 kugirango bakurikirane uko indwara ikomeza ndetse n'uburyo imiti ikora. Muganga wawe azagena gahunda ikwiye yo gukora ibizamini bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze, ibimenyetso ufite, ndetse n'umugambi w'imiti. Intego ni ukumenya impinduka zose hakiri kare mugihe twirinda gukora ibizamini bitari ngombwa.