Ni iki cyitwa kubaga bariatric? Intego, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Kubaga bariatric ni uburyo bwa muganga bufasha abantu bafite umubyibuho ukabije kugabanya ibiro binyuze mu guhindura uburyo sisitemu yabo yo mu gifu ikora. Ibi bikorwa byo kubaga bituma igifu cyawe kigabanuka, bigahindura uburyo umubiri wawe ukoresha intungamubiri, cyangwa byombi. Bitekereze nk'igikoresho gikomeye gikora hamwe no kurya neza no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kugirango bigufashe kugera ku kugabanya ibiro birambye iyo ubundi buryo butagize icyo bugeraho.

Ni iki kubaga bariatric aricyo?

Kubaga bariatric bivuga uburyo butandukanye bwo kubaga bugamije gufasha abantu kugabanya ibiro byinshi. Ijambo "bariatric" riva mu magambo y'Ikigereki asobanura "ibiro" na "kuvura." Ibi bikorwa byo kubaga bikora binyuze mu kugabanya umubare w'ibiryo ushobora kurya, kugabanya umubare wa kalori umubiri wawe ukoresha, cyangwa guhuza ubu buryo bwombi.

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwo kubaga bariatric, buri kimwe gifite inyungu zacyo n'ibitekerezo byacyo. Uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa burimo gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, na adjustable gastric banding. Umuganga wawe uzabafasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku buzima bwawe, intego zo kugabanya ibiro, n'imibereho yawe bwite.

Ubu buryo busanzwe bukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butagira ingaruka nyinshi, bivuze ko habaho ibikomere bito n'igihe gito cyo gukira. Kubaga bariatric kenshi bikorwa hakoreshejwe laparoscopically, hakoreshwa camera ntoya n'ibikoresho bishyirwa mu gice gito cyo mu nda yawe.

Kuki kubaga bariatric bikorwa?

Kubaga bariatric bigirwa inama ku bantu bafite umubyibuho ukabije batashoboye kugabanya ibiro binyuze mu mirire, imyitozo ngororamubiri, no gukoresha imiti gusa. Ntabwo ari uburyo bwo kwisiga, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ikomeye ishobora gutera ingorane ziteye ubuzima bw'akaga.

Ushobora kuba ukwiriye kubagwa niba icyiciro cyawe cy'umubiri (BMI) ari 40 cyangwa hejuru, cyangwa niba BMI yawe ari 35 cyangwa hejuru kandi ufite ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima bifitanye isano n'uburemere. Ibi bibazo by'ubuzima birimo diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kubura umwuka mu gihe uryamye, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa kubabara cyane mu ngingo bituma bigorana kugenda neza.

Kubagwa birashobora gufasha kuvura cyangwa kunoza ibibazo byinshi by'ubuzima bifitanye isano no kubyibuha bikagira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe. Abantu benshi basanga diyabete yabo irushaho gukira cyane, umuvuduko w'amaraso yabo uba woroshye kugenzura, kandi bashobora guhumeka neza nijoro. Abantu bamwe ndetse basanga imiti yabo igabanuka cyangwa ikavanwaho burundu.

Usibye inyungu z'umubiri, kubagwa bifasha abantu kongera kwigirira icyizere no gukora ibikorwa batashoboraga gukora mbere. Ibintu byoroshye nko kuzamuka amadarage, gukina n'abana, cyangwa kwicara neza mu myanya y'indege birongera kuba bishoboka.

Ni iki gikorerwa kubagwa?

Intambwe zihariye zo kubagwa kwawe bitewe n'ubwoko bw'uburyo urimo gukoresha. Ariko, kubagwa kenshi gukurikiza inzira rusange isa kandi bikorwa munsi ya anesthesia rusange mugihe uryamye rwose.

Mugihe cyo kubaga gastric bypass, umuganga wawe akora agafuka gato hejuru y'igifu cyawe akagahuza n'urugingo ruto rwawe. Ibi bivuze ko ibiryo binyura mu gice kinini cy'igifu cyawe no mu gice cya mbere cy'urugingo ruto rwawe, bityo ukumva uhaze vuba kandi ukamira kalori nkeya mu byo urya.

Mugihe cya sleeve gastrectomy, umuganga wawe akuraho hafi 75-80% by'igifu cyawe, asigaza urugero ruto cyangwa "sleeve" ifite ubunini bwa banane. Iki gifu gito gifata ibiryo bike cyane, bityo ukumva unyuzwe n'ibice bito.

Mugihe cyo kubaga igifu hifashishijwe agahago gashyirwa ku gice cyo hejuru cy'igifu cyawe kugirango habeho agafuka gato. Ako gahago gashobora gushyirwaho cyangwa gukurwaho bitewe n'uko bikwiye wongeramo cyangwa ukuramo umuti wa saline unyuze mu cyambu gishyirwa munsi y'uruhu rwawe.

Ubundi kubaga abantu bafite ibiro byinshi bifata hagati y'isaha imwe n'eshatu kugirango birangire, bitewe n'uburyo ikibazo cyawe kimeze. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazakugenzura neza mugihe cyose cyo kubaga kugirango barebe umutekano wawe n'uko wumva umeze.

Ni gute witegura kubagwa kugirango ugabanye ibiro byawe?

Kwitegura kubagwa kugirango ugabanye ibiro bikubiyemo intambwe z'ingenzi mu byumweru byinshi cyangwa amezi mbere yo kubagwa. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazagufasha muri buri ntambwe kugirango barebe ko witeguye neza kubagwa no gukira.

Bizaba ngombwa ko ukora isuzuma ry'ubuvuzi ryuzuye ririmo ibizamini by'amaraso, ibizamini by'umutima n'ibihaha, rimwe na rimwe n'ibindi bizamini bifashisha amashusho. Muganga wawe ashaka kumenya niba ufite ubuzima bwiza buhagije kugirango ubazwe kandi amenye ibibazo byose bikeneye kwitabwaho byihariye mugihe cyo kubagwa.

Muri gahunda nyinshi bisaba ko uhura n'umuhanga mu by'imirire rimwe na rimwe umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze cyangwa umuganga w'indwara zo mumutwe. Izo gahunda zifasha kumenya neza impinduka z'imirire ugomba gukora kandi ko witeguye mu buryo bw'amarangamutima impinduka zikomeye z'imibereho ziri imbere.

Umuvuzi wawe ashobora kugusaba kugabanya ibiro mbere yo kubagwa, ubusanzwe 5-10% by'ibiro byawe by'ubu. Ibi bifasha kugabanya ubunini bw'umwijima wawe kandi bigatuma kubaga bigenda neza kandi byoroshye gukora. Ushobora guhabwa imirire yihariye yo gukurikiza mbere yo kubagwa mu byumweru 1-2 mbere yo kubagwa.

Bizaba ngombwa kandi ko uhagarika itabi burundu niba urinywa, kuko kunywa itabi byongera cyane ibyago byo kugira ibibazo. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba guhagarika imiti imwe n'imwe no gufata vitamine zimwe na zimwe kugirango utunganye ubuzima bwawe mbere yo kubagwa.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byo kubagwa kugirango ugabanye ibiro byawe?

Intsinzi nyuma yo kubagwa inda ipimirwa mu buryo butandukanye, kandi itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakurikirana iterambere ryawe mu gihe cy'amezi n'imyaka. Igipimo gikoreshwa cyane ni igihombo cy'uburemere burenze urugero, kigereranya uburemere watakaje n'uburemere burenze urugero wari ufite mbere yo kubagwa.

Ibyavuyeho neza mubisanzwe bisobanura gutakaza 50% cyangwa kurenza uburemere burenze urugero mu mezi 12-18 nyuma yo kubagwa. Urugero, niba wari ufite ibiro 100 birenze urugero mbere yo kubagwa, gutakaza ibiro 50 cyangwa birenze byafatwa nk'intsinzi. Ariko, urugendo rwa buri muntu rutandukanye, kandi ibisubizo byawe bwite bishobora gutandukana.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakurikirana kandi impinduka mu buzima bwawe. Abantu benshi babona impinduka zikomeye muri diyabete yabo, bamwe ntibakongera gukenera imiti ya diyabete. Umuvuduko w'amaraso akenshi urakosoka, apnea yo gusinzira irashobora gukemuka, kandi kubabara mu ngingo bikunze kugabanuka cyane.

Impinduka mu mibereho myiza ni ingenzi kimwe n'imibare iri ku munzani. Muganga wawe azakubaza ku rwego rw'imbaraga zawe, ubushobozi bwo kwitabira ibikorwa, imiterere yawe, n'umunezero muri rusange n'ibisubizo byawe mugihe cyo gukurikirana.

Intsinzi irambye iterwa no gukurikiza amabwiriza yawe nyuma yo kubagwa, harimo kurya ibice bito, guhitamo ibiryo bifite intungamubiri, gufata vitamine, no gukomeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizatanga ubufasha buhoraho kugirango rigufashe kubungabunga igihombo cyawe cy'uburemere n'impinduka mu buzima.

Ni gute wabungabunga uburemere bwawe nyuma yo kubagwa inda?

Kubungabunga igihombo cyawe cy'uburemere nyuma yo kubagwa inda bisaba ubwitange buhoraho ku mpinduka nziza z'imibereho. Kubagwa kwawe ni igikoresho gikomeye, ariko gikora neza iyo gihujwe n'impinduka zihoraho ku migenzo yawe yo kurya n'urwego rw'ibikorwa.

Uzagomba kurya ibice bito cyane mu buzima bwawe bwose, akenshi nk'igikombe kimwe cya kane cyangwa kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibiryo ku ifunguro. Igifu cyawe gishya gishobora gufata ibiryo bito gusa, bityo uzagomba kwibanda ku kubona intungamubiri nyinshi mu buribwe bwose ufata.

Guhitamo ibiryo birimo poroteyine nyinshi birahinduka ibintu by'ingenzi cyane kuko umubiri wawe ukeneye poroteyine kugira ngo ugumane imitsi kandi ukire neza. Umuganga wawe w'imirire azagufasha kumenya ibiryo bitanga intungamubiri nyinshi mu bice bito kandi uko wakwirinda ibiryo bishobora guteza ibibazo.

Imyitozo ngororamubiri ya buri gihe igufasha kugumana uburemere bwawe bwagabanutse kandi ikongera ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Abaganga benshi basaba gutangira n'ibikorwa byoroheje nko kugenda buhoro buhoro ukongera urwego rwawe rw'ibikorwa uko ukira kandi ugabanya ibiro.

Gufata vitamine n'ibyongerera imirire ni ngombwa mu buzima bwawe bwose kuko sisitemu yawe yo mu gifu yahindutse ishobora kutongera intungamubiri neza nk'uko byari bimeze mbere. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagena vitamine zihariye kandi rigakurikirana urwego rwawe rw'intungamubiri binyuze mu bipimo by'amaraso bya buri gihe.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo byo kubagwa mu gifu?

Nubwo kubagwa mu gifu muri rusange bifite umutekano, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo. Kumva ibi bintu byongera ibyago bifasha itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga gufata ingamba zidasanzwe kandi bikagufasha gufata icyemezo gifitiye akamaro ku bijyanye no kubagwa.

Imyaka igira uruhare mu byago byo kubagwa, abantu barengeje imyaka 65 bafite urwego rwo hejuru rwo guhura n'ibibazo. Ariko, abantu benshi bakuze baracyungukira cyane ku kubagwa, kandi imyaka yonyine ntigutera kuba utujuje ibisabwa.

Kugira indwara nyinshi nka diyabete, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa ibibazo by'ibihaha bishobora kongera ibyago byo kubagwa. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizasuzuma neza izi ndwara kandi rigakora kugira ngo rinoze ubuzima bwawe mbere yo kubagwa kugira ngo rigabanye ibibazo bishobora kuvuka.

Uburemere bwawe buriho bushobora no kugira uruhare ku rwego rw'ibibazo. Abantu bafite BMI ndende cyane (irenze 50) bashobora kugira ibibazo byiyongera, ariko ibyo ntibisobanura ko kubagwa bidafitiye akamaro - bisobanura gusa ko ikipe yawe izafata ingamba zidasanzwe.

Ukunywa itabi byongera cyane ibyago byo kugira ibibazo birimo gukira nabi kw'ibikomere, amaraso avunda, n'ibibazo byo guhumeka. Gahunda nyinshi zigusaba kureka kunywa itabi mbere yo kubagwa kandi zigatanga ubufasha kugirango ugere ku ntsinzi.

Kubagwa mu nda kwabayeho mbere bishobora gutuma uburyo bwawe bugorana, ariko ntibigutera kubagwa. Umuganga wawe azasuzuma amateka yawe yo kubagwa kandi ashobora gukenera guhindura uburyo akoresha.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora kuvuka nyuma yo kubagwa inda?

Kimwe n'ubundi bwoko bwose bwo kubagwa bukomeye, uburyo bwo kubaga inda bufite ibyago bimwe, nubwo ibibazo bikomeye bidakunze kubaho. Abantu benshi bahura n'ibibazo bito gusa, by'igihe gito bikemurwa no kwitabwaho neza.

Ibibazo by'igihe gito bishobora kubaho mu byumweru bike bya mbere birimo kuva amaraso, kwandura ahantu hakorewe icyuma, n'amaraso avunda. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga ikurikirana neza ibi bibazo kandi ifite imiti yemejwe niba bibaye. Abantu benshi bagira ibi bibazo bakira neza bitewe no kwitabwaho neza.

Abantu bamwe bagira isesemi no kuruka mu byumweru bike bya mbere uko bamenyera ubunini bushya bw'inda yabo. Ibi mubisanzwe birakosoka uko wiga kurya uduce duto, guhekenya neza, no kureka kurya iyo wumva uhaze.

Ubukene bw'intungamubiri bushobora kwigaragaza uko igihe kigenda gihita niba udafata vitamine zanditswe kandi ntukurikize ikipe yawe y'abaganga buri gihe. Ubukene busanzwe burimo vitamine B12, icyuma, kalisiyumu, na vitamine D. Igeragezwa ry'amaraso risanzwe rifasha gufata ibi hakiri kare kugirango bikosorwe.

Indwara ya 'Dumping syndrome' ishobora kubaho nyuma yo kubagwa mu gifu (gastric bypass surgery) iyo ibiryo bigenda vuba cyane biva mu gifu cyawe bikajya mu mara mato. Ibi bitera ibimenyetso nk'isuka, kuribwa mu nda, no kuruka, cyane cyane nyuma yo kurya ibiryo birimo isukari cyangwa ibinure. Abantu benshi biga kwirinda ibiryo bitera ibi bibazo kandi ntibakunze guhura n'iki kibazo.

Gake cyane, ibibazo bikomeye birashobora kubaho, nk'aho imitsi yabagiwe idafunga neza cyangwa ibibazo bikomeye by'imirire. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazagusobanurira ibyago byose bishoboka kandi bazakugenzura neza kugira ngo bamenye ibibazo byose hakiri kare igihe byoroshye kuvurwa.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kujya kwa muganga nyuma yo kubagwa mu gifu?

Uzajya ugirana inama zisanzwe n'itsinda ry'abaganga bakuvura mu gihe cyose uzaba ukiriho, ariko kandi ugomba kumenya igihe cyo kwihutira kwivuza. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazaguha amabwiriza arambuye y'igihe ugomba guhamagara cyangwa gusura icyumba cy'ubutabazi.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya niba wumva uribwa cyane mu nda, uruka cyane, ibimenyetso by'ubwandu nk'umuriro cyangwa umutuku ku gice cyabagiwe, cyangwa ugahumeka nabi. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kwerekana ibibazo bikeneye ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga.

Hamagara itsinda ry'abaganga bawe niba udashobora kugumana amazi mu nda mu gihe kirenga amasaha 24, kuko kumagara umubiri bishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye vuba nyuma yo kubagwa mu gifu. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, niba ubonye umunaniro udasanzwe, intege nke, cyangwa impinduka mu mutwe wawe, ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso byo kubura intungamubiri.

Ugomba kandi kwivuza niba wumva uribwa mu gituza, uribwa mu kuguru cyangwa ukabyimba, cyangwa guhumeka nabi mu buryo butunguranye, kuko ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'amaraso yazibye. Nubwo bitajyenda bibaho, amaraso yazibye ashobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye kandi agasaba kuvurwa ako kanya.

Inama zisanzwe ni ngombwa nubwo wumva umeze neza. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazagenzura uko ugabanya ibiro, barebe uko umubiri wawe ufata intungamubiri, bahindure imiti yawe, kandi bakemure ibibazo byose ushobora kugira ku bijyanye no koroherwa.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no kubagwa kugira ngo umuntu agabanye ibiro

Ese kubagwa kugira ngo umuntu agabanye ibiro bifasha indwara ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2?

Yego, kubagwa kugira ngo umuntu agabanye ibiro bishobora kugira akamaro gakomeye mu kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Abantu benshi bagaragaza impinduka zigaragara mu kugenzura isukari mu maraso yabo, ndetse hari n'abantu bagera ku gukira burundu diyabete nyuma yo kubagwa.

Iyi mpinduka akenshi ibaho vuba, rimwe na rimwe mu minsi cyangwa mu byumweru nyuma yo kubagwa, mbere y'uko umuntu atangira kugabanya ibiro byinshi. Ibi bituma twumva ko kubagwa bihindura uburyo umubiri wawe ukoresha isukari mu buryo burenze ukugabanya ibiro gusa.

Ese kongera kubyibuha birabaho nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo umuntu agabanye ibiro?

Kongera kubyibuha gato ni ibisanzwe kandi byitezwe nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo umuntu agabanye ibiro, akenshi bikaba bibaho nyuma y'imyaka 2-5 nyuma y'ubwo buryo. Abantu benshi bongera ibiro biri hagati ya 15-25% by'ibiro bari barataye, ariko bagakomeza kugabanya ibiro birenze cyane ibyo bari bafite mbere yo kubagwa.

Urufunguzo rwo kugabanya kongera kubyibuha ni ukurikiza amabwiriza yawe nyuma yo kubagwa buri gihe, harimo kurya ibiryo bifite ingano ikwiye, guhitamo ibiryo bifite intungamubiri, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kwitabira gahunda zisanzwe zo gukurikiranwa n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga.

Ese nshobora gutwita nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo umuntu agabanye ibiro?

Yego, urashobora gutwita mu buryo bwizewe nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo umuntu agabanye ibiro, kandi abagore benshi basanga ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubyara butera imbere nyuma yo kugabanya ibiro. Ariko, abaganga benshi basaba gutegereza amezi 12-18 nyuma yo kubagwa mbere yo kugerageza gutwita kugira ngo wemeze ko ibiro byawe bihamye kandi ko imirire yawe ari myiza.

Uzakeneye gukurikiranwa hafi mu gihe utwite kugira ngo wemeze ko wowe n'umwana wawe mubona intungamubiri zihagije. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga izakorana n'umuganga wawe w'indwara z'abagore kugira ngo ahindure imiti ya vitamine yawe kandi akurikirane imiterere yawe y'imirire mu gihe cyose utwite.

Ese nzakenera kubagwa kugira ngo bakore imiterere y'umubiri nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo umuntu agabanye ibiro?

Si bose bakeneye kubagwa nyuma yo kubagwa bagabanya ibiro, ariko hari abantu bahitamo gukuraho uruhu rurenzeho iyo ibiro byabo bihamye. Uruhu rurenzeho ruterwa n'ibintu nk'imyaka yawe, imiterere yawe, ibiro wangije, n'uko wabitakaje vuba.

Abaganga benshi basaba gutegereza byibuze amezi 12-18 nyuma y'uko ibiro byawe bihamye mbere yo gutekereza kubagwa. Ibi bituma uruhu rwawe rugira igihe cyo gukomera uko bishoboka kose kandi bikemeza ko urimo kugumana ibiro byawe byagabanutse neza.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire nyuma yo kubagwa bagabanya ibiro?

Abantu benshi basubira mu bikorwa bya buri munsi bisanzwe mu byumweru 2-4 nyuma yo kubagwa bagabanya ibiro bakoresheje uburyo bwa laparoscopic. Ariko, gukira kwawe rwose no kumenyera uburyo bushya bwo kurya bishobora gufata amezi menshi kugeza ku mwaka.

Muri rusange, uzatangira n'amazi mu minsi mike ya mbere, hanyuma ukajya ku biryo biseye, ibiryo byoroshye, hanyuma ukajya ku biryo bisanzwe nyuma y'ibyumweru 4-6. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagufasha mu cyiciro cyose cyo gukira kandi rigufashe kwiga imyifatire mishya yo kurya izagufasha kugera ku ntsinzi irambye.