Ni iki cyitwa gutanga amaraso? Impamvu, uburyo bikorwamo & ibisubizo

Gutanga amaraso ni uburyo bwo kuvura aho wakira amaraso yatanzwe cyangwa ibice by'amaraso binyuze mu muyoboro wa intravenous (IV). Bitekereze nk'uko uha umubiri wawe ibice by'amaraso byihariye ukeneye iyo utabasha kubikora wenyine cyangwa watakaje menshi kubera imvune cyangwa indwara.

Ubu buryo bwo kuvura butekanye kandi busanzwe bwafashije abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni gukira nyuma yo kubagwa, impanuka, n'indwara. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rigereranya neza amaraso yatanzwe n'ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe, bituma gutanga amaraso bigenda neza cyane iyo bikorerwa mu bigo by'ubuvuzi.

Ni iki gutanga amaraso aricyo?

Gutanga amaraso bikubiyemo kwakira amaraso cyangwa ibicuruzwa by'amaraso biturutse ku muntu watanze amaraso mu maraso yawe binyuze mu tuyoboro duto twitwa IV catheter. Ubu buryo busimbuza amaraso watakaje cyangwa butanga ibice by'amaraso umubiri wawe utabasha gukora bihagije.

Ushobora guhabwa amaraso yose, arimo ibice byose by'amaraso, cyangwa ibice byihariye nk'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura, plasma, cyangwa platelets. Muganga wawe afata umwanzuro neza icyo ukeneye hashingiwe ku burwayi bwawe bwihariye n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini.

Uburyo bwo kubika amaraso bwa none butuma amaraso yatanzwe anyura mu bizamini byinshi no gushakisha. Ibi bituma gutanga amaraso bigenda neza cyane kurusha uko byari bimeze mu myaka mirongo ishize, hamwe n'ingorane zikomeye zikunda kubaho gake.

Kuki gutanga amaraso bikorwa?

Gutanga amaraso bifasha kugarura icyo umubiri wawe watakaje cyangwa utabasha gukora wenyine. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ubu buryo iyo urwego rw'amaraso yawe rugabanutse cyane ku buryo rutashobora gushyigikira imikorere isanzwe y'umubiri wawe.

Ibyago byinshi by'ubuvuzi bisanzwe bisaba gutanga amaraso. Reka ngendere hamwe nawe impamvu nyamukuru abaganga basaba ubu buvuzi:

• Kubura amaraso menshi: Nyuma y'impanuka, kubagwa, cyangwa kuva amaraso imbere mu mubiri bituma habaho igabanuka rinini ry'amaraso
• Indwara ya Anemia: Iyo umubiri wawe utabasha gukora insoro zitukura zihagije, cyangwa ukazisenya vuba cyane
• Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri: Uvuzi bwa chemotherapy bushobora kugabanya ubushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukora insoro z'amaraso
• Indwara z'amaraso: Indwara nka sickle cell cyangwa thalassemia zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'insoro z'amaraso
• Ibibazo byo gupfuka kw'amaraso: Iyo amaraso yawe adashobora gupfuka neza bitewe n'umubare muto wa platelet
• Indwara y'umwijima: Indwara z'umwijima zigeze kure zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amaraso

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zitamenyerewe zishobora gusaba guterwa amaraso, harimo indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'ubwirinzi aho umubiri wawe wibasira insoro zawe z'amaraso. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga risuzuma uko urwaye kugira ngo rimenye niba guterwa amaraso ari bwo buryo bwiza.

Ni iki gikorerwa guterwa amaraso?

Uburyo bwo guterwa amaraso butangira mbere yuko uhabwa ibicuruzwa by'amaraso. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rifata intambwe nyinshi zo kwitondera kugira ngo rishimangire umutekano wawe n'uburyo bukoreshwa bugende neza.

Mbere na mbere, muganga wawe ategeka ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe no gupima niba hari imirwano. Ubu buryo, bwitwa "ubwoko no guhuza", butuma amaraso yatanzwe ahura n'ayawe.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo guterwa amaraso:

1. Gushyiraho umurongo wa IV: Umuforomo ashyira agatiro gato mu urugingo rw'amaraso ruri mu kuboko kwawe cyangwa mu kiganza cyawe
2. Gupima ibimenyetso by'ibanze: Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rigenzura ibimenyetso byawe by'ingenzi birimo umuvuduko w'amaraso, umuvuduko w'umutima, n'umuriro
3. Kugenzura amaraso: Abaganga babiri bagenzura imyirondoro yawe kandi bakemeza ko igice cy'amaraso gihuye n'amakuru yawe
4. Gutangira gake: Gutera amaraso bitangira gake mugihe abakozi bakugenzura cyane kugirango barebe niba hari icyo wahura nacyo
5. Gukomeza kugenzura: Muri iki gikorwa cyose, umuforomo wawe agenzura uko umeze buri gihe
6. Kuzura: Nyuma yuko amaraso arangiye gutembera, umurongo wa IV ukurwaho hanyuma ahantu bateraga urushinge hagafatwa

Muri rusange, iki gikorwa cyose gifata isaha imwe kugeza kuri enye, bitewe n'amaraso ukeneye. Abantu benshi bumva bameze neza mugihe baterwa amaraso kandi barashobora gusoma, kureba televiziyo, cyangwa kuruhuka mugihe bakira ubuvuzi.

Ni gute wakitegura gutererwa amaraso?

Kutegura gutererwa amaraso bikubiyemo intambwe zifatika no gusobanukirwa icyo witegura. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizayobora ibintu byose, ariko kumenya icyo witegura birashobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere.

Mbere na mbere, muganga wawe azasobanura impamvu ukeneye guterwa amaraso kandi aganire ku mpungenge zose ushobora kuba ufite. Bazareba kandi amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi n'imiti ukoresha ubu kugirango barebe ko byose bigenda neza.

Hano hari intambwe z'ingenzi zo kwitegura ushobora kwitegura:

• Iseswa ry'amaraso: Ibizamini byo muri laboratwari bigamije kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe no kureba niba arimo imisemburo irwanya indwara
• Uburyo bwo gutanga uburenganzira: Kuganira ku nyungu, ibyago, n'izindi nzira mbere yo gusinya impapuro z'uburenganzira
• Isesengura ry'imiti: Kumenyesha muganga wawe imiti yose, ibiyongera ku miti, n'imiti ikoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo
• Kurya no kunywa: Muri rusange nta mbogamizi, nubwo muganga wawe ashobora gutanga amabwiriza yihariye
• Imyenda yoroshye: Kwambara imyenda yoroshye ishobora kuzamurwa byoroshye kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gushyiramo urushinge rwa IV
• Umuntu ugushyigikiye: Kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe niba ubishaka

Abantu benshi ntibakeneye guhindura cyane imibereho yabo mbere yo guterwa amaraso. Ariko, menyesha ikipe yawe y'abaganga niba warigeze kugira ibibazo byatewe no guterwa amaraso cyangwa niba ufite impungenge zishingiye ku idini cyangwa ku giti cyawe ku bijyanye no kwakira ibikomoka ku maraso.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe byo guterwa amaraso?

Gusobanukirwa ibisubizo byawe byo guterwa amaraso bikubiyemo kureba ibipimo byinshi by'ingenzi bigaragaza uburyo umubiri wawe witwaye neza ku buvuzi. Muganga wawe azasobanura iyi mibare mu rwego rw'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi birimo urwego rwa hemoglogine yawe, itwara umwuka wa oxygène mu mubiri wawe, na hematokirite yawe, igaragaza ijanisha ry'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso mu maraso yawe. Iyi mibare ifasha kumenya niba guterwa amaraso byageze ku ntego zabyo.

Ibi nibyo ikipe yawe y'abaganga isanzwe ikurikirana nyuma yo guterwa amaraso:

• Urugero rwa Hemogulobine: Rugomba kwiyongera nka garama 1-2 kuri decilitre kuri buri gice cy'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twatewe.
• Igereranyo rya Hematokirite: Muri rusange rizamuka kuri 3-4% kuri buri gice cy'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twahawe.
• Umubare wa Platileti: Niba wakiriye platileti, umubare wawe ugomba kwiyongera mu masaha make.
• Ibimenyetso by'ubuzima: Umuvuduko w'amaraso, umuvuduko w'umutima, n'urugero rwa ogisijeni bigomba kuguma bihamye.
• Kuvura ibimenyetso: Gucika intege guke, guhumeka neza, cyangwa kugabanya kuva amaraso bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe.

Muganga wawe azagereranya ibi bisubizo n'urugero rwawe mbere yo guterwa amaraso kugira ngo amenye uko umubiri wawe wakiriye kandi ukoresha neza amaraso yatanzwe. Rimwe na rimwe guterwa amaraso bikongerwa kugira ngo bigere ku rugero rwitezwe.

Ni gute wakomeza urugero rw'amaraso ruzima nyuma yo guterwa amaraso?

Gukomeza urugero rw'amaraso ruzima nyuma yo guterwa amaraso bikubiyemo gushyigikira umubiri wawe mu gukora amaraso karemano no gukurikiza inama za muganga wawe. Intego ni ugufasha umubiri wawe gukomeza impinduka zatewe no guterwa amaraso.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakora gahunda yihariye ishingiye ku cyateye ko ukeneye guterwa amaraso. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo kuvura indwara zishingiye ku mpamvu, guhindura imiti, cyangwa gukora impinduka mu mibereho.

Dore uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyigikira urugero rw'amaraso ruzima:

• Ibyo kurya birimo icyuma: Shyira mu byo urya inyama zitarimo amavuta, imboga rwatsi, ibishyimbo, n'ibiryo byongewemo intungamubiri.
• Imiti yongera intungamubiri: Fata imiti yongera icyuma, vitamine B12, cyangwa folate nk'uko byategetswe.
• Kugenzura buri gihe: Witabire gahunda zo gukurikiranwa kugira ngo ukorerwe ibizamini by'amaraso no gusuzuma ubuzima.
• Kunywa imiti uko byategetswe: Fata imiti yose yategetswe uko byagenze.
• Kuruhuka bihagije: Ryamira bihagije kugira ngo ushyigikire umubiri wawe gukira no gukora amaraso.
• Kunwa amazi ahagije: Nywa amazi menshi kugira ngo ushyigikire amaraso yuzuye neza.

Abantu bamwe na bamwe bakeneye ubuvuzi buhoraho kubera indwara nka diyabete yo mu mpyiko cyangwa indwara z'amaraso. Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo akore gahunda y'igihe kirekire izagufasha kugumana ubuzima bwawe no kugabanya gukenera guterwa amaraso mu gihe kizaza.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo gukenera guterwa amaraso?

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo gukenera guterwa amaraso mu buzima bwawe bwose. Kumva ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bifasha wowe n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga kwitegura ibishobora kuba aho guterwa amaraso bishobora kuba ngombwa.

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago ushobora kugira icyo ubikoraho ukoresheje uburyo ubaho, mu gihe ibindi bireba indwara cyangwa ibintu bya genetike bidashobora kugenzurwa. Kumenya ibyo bintu bituma habaho igenamigambi ryiza ry'ubuzima no gukurikiranwa neza.

Ibintu bisanzwe byongera ibyago bishobora gutuma umuntu akeneye guterwa amaraso birimo:

• Indwara zidakira: Indwara z'impyiko, kanseri, cyangwa indwara ziterwa n'umubiri ubwawo zangiza imikorere y'amaraso
• Uburyo bwo kubaga: Kubaga gukomeye, cyane cyane kubaga umutima, umwijima, cyangwa imitsi minini y'amaraso
• Indwara z'amaraso: Indwara zidakira zirangwa n'amaraso mabi nka sickle cell, thalassemia, cyangwa hemophilia
• Ibyorezo byo gutwita: Kuva cyane amaraso mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa indwara zifitanye isano no gutwita
• Ingaruka z'imiti: Imiti ya kanseri, imiti ituma amaraso atajyenda neza, cyangwa indi miti yangiza imikorere y'amaraso
• Ibyago byo gukomereka: Imirimo cyangwa ibikorwa bifite ibyago byinshi by'impanuka

Ibintu bike ariko by'ingenzi bishobora gutera ibyago birimo indwara zidakunze kuboneka ziterwa n'imiryango zangiza imikorere y'amaraso, indwara zimwe na zimwe zica uturemangingo tw'amaraso, n'ibiribwa bidahagije. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusuzuma uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze kandi akagusaba gukurikiranwa neza.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no kongerwa amaraso?

Nubwo kongerwa amaraso muri rusange bifite umutekano mwinshi, kimwe n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, bishobora kugira ingaruka. Kumva ibi bibazo bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso byo kwitonda no gushaka ubufasha bukwiriye niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa no kongerwa amaraso zoroheje kandi zikavaho vuba iyo zivuwe neza. Ingaruka zikomeye ni gake, zibaho ku bantu batarenze 1% bahawe amaraso, kubera uburyo bwo gukora neza kandi bwo gupima amaraso.

Dore ingaruka zishobora kubaho ugomba kumenya:

• Uburwayi bwo kwanga: Uruhu rworoshye, gushishimuka, cyangwa imitsi yuzuye amazi akenshi ivurwa neza n'imiti irwanya allergie
• Uburwayi bwo kuribwa: Kwiyongera kw'ubushyuhe bw'igihe gito mugihe cyangwa nyuma yo kuvurwa amaraso
• Kuzura amazi: Kwakira amaraso vuba cyane, bigatuma umuntu agira ingorane zo guhumeka cyangwa kubyimba
• Uburwayi bwo gusenya amaraso: Uburwayi butabaho kenshi ariko bukomeye iyo ubwoko bw'amaraso butajyanye
• Kwandura indwara: Biragoye cyane kubera isuzuma ryimbitse ry'amaraso
• Kuzura icyuma: Ikibazo gishoboka mugihe cyo kuvurwa amaraso inshuro nyinshi mugihe

Ingorane zitabaho cyane zirimo uburwayi bukomeye bwo kwanga, kwangirika kw'ibihaha, cyangwa kwandura indwara isuzuma ririho ritabasha kumenya. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rigukurikiranira hafi mugihe cyo kuvurwa amaraso no nyuma yaho kugirango bamenye vuba kandi bavure ingorane zose zishobora kuvuka.

Kuki nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo kuvurwa amaraso?

Kumenya igihe cyo kuvugana n'umuganga wawe nyuma yo kuvurwa amaraso bifasha kumenya ingorane zose hakiri kare kandi zigahita zivurwa. Abantu benshi bumva bameze neza nyuma yo kuvurwa amaraso, ariko kuguma maso ku mpinduka ziba ku buzima bwawe ni ingenzi.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizatanga amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye ubuvuzi bukurikira n'ibimenyetso byo kwitondera. Izi ngamba zigenewe imiterere yawe bwite n'impamvu wari ukeneye kuvurwa amaraso.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa usabe ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'ubuvuzi niba ubona:

• Uburwayi bwo gushyuha cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi: Ubushyuhe burenze 100.4°F (38°C) cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi bikomeza
• Ibibazo byo guhumeka: Guhumeka bigoranye, kubabara mu gituza, cyangwa kugorwa no guhumeka
• Ibimenyetso bikomeye: Uruhu rwatukuye hose, kubyimba, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri
• Ukuva amaraso kudasanzwe: Amazuru ava amaraso, gukomereka, cyangwa kuva amaraso bitahagarara
• Ibibazo by'imitsi: Umutima utera cyane, kuribwa umutwe, cyangwa kumva uguye igihumure
• Ibimenyetso by'ubwandu: Gutukura, kubyimba, cyangwa kumeneka ahaciye urushinge rwa IV

Nanone, jya kwa muganga niba ubonye ibimenyetso bisubira inyuma byari bigamije kuvurwa n'iterwa ry'amaraso, nk'umunaniro ukabije, uruhu ruhinduka umweru, cyangwa intege nke. Ibi bishobora kwerekana ko ukeneye kuvurwa cyangwa gukurikiranwa.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no guterwa amaraso

Q1: Ese guterwa amaraso birinzwe ku bantu bafite indwara z'umutima?

Guterwa amaraso birashobora kuba byiza ku bantu bafite indwara z'umutima, ariko bisaba gukurikiranwa by'umwihariko no gucunga neza. Muganga w'umutima wawe n'ikipe y'abavura batera amaraso bakorana kugira ngo barebe ko umutima wawe ushobora kwakira amaraso yiyongereye.

Abantu bafite indwara z'umutima bashobora guterwa amaraso gahoro ugereranije n'ibisanzwe kugira ngo birinde kwiyongera kw'amazi, bishobora gushyira umutima mu kaga. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga ikurikirana imikorere y'umutima wawe neza mugihe cyo guterwa amaraso kandi ishobora gukoresha imiti kugira ngo ifashe umutima wawe gucunga amazi yiyongereye niba bibaye ngombwa.

Q2: Ese hemoglobin yo hasi buri gihe isaba guterwa amaraso?

Hemoglobin yo hasi ntabwo buri gihe isaba guterwa amaraso. Muganga wawe azirikana ibintu byinshi birenze umubare wa hemoglobin gusa, harimo ibimenyetso byawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'impamvu yateye urwo rugero rwo hasi.

Abantu benshi bafite anemia yoroheje kugeza hagati bashobora kuvurwa bakoresheje imiti yongera icyuma mu maraso, guhindura imirire, cyangwa imiti itera umubiri gukora amaraso. Gutera amaraso bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gihe cy'indwara zikomeye cyangwa igihe izindi nshuti zitagikora vuba bihagije.

Q3: Nshobora gutanga amaraso nyuma yo guterwa amaraso?

Ubusanzwe ushobora gutanga amaraso nyuma yo guterwa amaraso, ariko ugomba gutegereza igihe runaka. Mu bihugu byinshi, ugomba gutegereza byibuze amezi 12 nyuma yo guterwa amaraso mbere yo gutanga.

Iki gihe cyo gutegereza gifasha kurengera umutekano w'amaraso kandi giha umubiri wawe igihe cyo gukora neza amaraso yatanzwe. Ikigo cyaho gitanga amaraso gishobora gutanga amabwiriza yihariye ashingiye ku miterere yawe n'aho uherereye.

Q4: Hariho ubundi buryo bwo gusimbura gutera amaraso?

Hariho ubundi buryo bwo gusimbura gutera amaraso, bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye n'ibyo ukeneye mu buvuzi. Ubu buryo bushobora gukoreshwa bonyine cyangwa hamwe no gutera amaraso kugirango bagabanye umubare w'amaraso yatanzwe akenewe.

Uburyo bwo gusimbura burimo imiti itera umubiri wawe gukora amaraso, imiti yongera icyuma mu maraso ya anemia, ibisimburwa by'amaraso bya sintetike mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi, n'uburyo bwo kubaga bugabanya gutakaza amaraso. Muganga wawe ashobora kuganira n'uburyo bwo gusimbura bushobora gukwira imiterere yawe.

Q5: Ni igihe kingana iki selile z'amaraso yatanzwe zimara mu mubiri wanjye?

Selile zitukura z'amaraso zatanzwe ubusanzwe zimara iminsi 100 kugeza kuri 120 mu mubiri wawe, kimwe n'amaselile yawe atukura y'amaraso. Ariko, zimwe muri selile zatanzwe zishobora kuba zarabitswe mu byumweru, bityo ubuzima bwazo busigaye buratandukanye.

Platelets ziva mu gutera amaraso zimara igihe gito, ubusanzwe iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 10, mugihe ibice bya plasma bikoreshwa n'umubiri wawe mu masaha make kugeza ku minsi. Umubiri wawe uhoraho usimbuza amaraso yatanzwe n'amaselile y'amaraso mashya akora nyuma y'igihe.