Icyo gikorwa cyo gupima umushongi w'amagufa ni iki? Impamvu, Urwego/Uburyo & Ibivuyemo

Icyo gikorwa cyo gupima umushongi w'amagufa ni uburyo bwo mu buvuzi bwo gusuzuma urugingo rworoshye, rumeze nk'isupu ruri mu magufa yawe aho uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukorerwa. Muganga wawe afata agace gato k'uru rugingo kugira ngo arebe niba umubiri wawe ukora neza uturemangingo tw'amaraso no gushaka ibimenyetso by'indwara z'amaraso, indwara zandura, cyangwa kanseri zimwe na zimwe.

Tekereza umushongi w'amagufa nk'uruganda rw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu mubiri wawe. Iyo abaganga bakeneye gusobanukirwa impamvu imibare y'amaraso yawe idasanzwe cyangwa bakeka indwara ifitanye isano n'amaraso, basuzuma uru ruganda mu buryo butaziguye. Icyo gikorwa gitanga amakuru y'ingenzi ibizamini by'amaraso byonyine bitashobora kugaragaza.

Umushongi w'amagufa ni iki?

Umushongi w'amagufa ni urugingo rworoshye, rumeze nk'isupu ruboneka mu mwanya w'amagufa yawe manini, cyane cyane mu magufa yawe y'ikibuno, igituza, na umugongo. Uru rugingo rutangaje rukora nk'ikigo cy'ibanze cy'umubiri wawe cyo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso, rukora buri gihe uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, na platelets.

Umushongi w'amagufa yawe urimo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'urugingo. Umushongi utukura ukora cyane uturemangingo tw'amaraso, naho umushongi w'umuhondo ubika amavuta kandi ushobora guhinduka umushongi utukura igihe umubiri wawe ukeneye uturemangingo tw'amaraso menshi. Uko ushaje, byinshi mu bice byawe by'umushongi utukura bihinduka mu buryo busanzwe umushongi w'umuhondo.

Uburyo bwo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu mushongi wawe w'amagufa bita hematopoiesis. Uturemangingo twihariye twitwa stem cells zigabanyijemo kandi zikakura mu bwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mbere yo kwinjira mu maraso yawe. Ubu buryo bubaho buri gihe mu buzima bwawe bwose, busimbuza uturemangingo tw'amaraso bishaje kandi byangiritse.

Kuki gikorwa cyo gupima umushongi w'amagufa gikorwa?

Abaganga basaba ibizamini by'umushongi w'amagufa iyo bakeneye gukora iperereza ku mpinduka zitagaragara mu mibare y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe cyangwa bakeka indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaraso. Icyo gikorwa gifasha kumenya indwara zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso kandi gitanga amakuru arambuye ku buzima n'imikorere by'umushongi wawe w'amagufa.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba iki kizamini niba ufite umunaniro udashira, indwara zitagaragara, cyangwa kuva amaraso bidasanzwe bishobora kwerekana ibibazo by'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Iki kizamini gishobora kandi gufasha gukurikirana uko imiti ivura indwara z'amaraso ikora.

Dore impamvu nyamukuru abaganga bategeka ibizamini by'amagufa:

• Gusuzuma kanseri z'amaraso nka leukemia, lymphoma, cyangwa myeloma nyinshi
• Gukora iperereza ku mubare muto cyangwa mwinshi w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tutasobanutse
• Kureba indwara ziterwa n'imirerere zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso
• Gukurikirana uko imiti ikora mu kuvura indwara z'amaraso
• Gusuzuma indwara zimwe na zimwe zandura zigira ingaruka ku magufa
• Gusuzuma anemia itasobanutse cyangwa indwara zo kuva amaraso
• Gusuzuma imikorere y'amagufa mbere yo gukora impinduka z'uturemangingo tw'amaraso

Iki kizamini gitanga amakuru ibizamini bisanzwe by'amaraso bitashobora gutanga, bigaha ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi ishusho yuzuye y'imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe.

Ni iki gikorerwa mu kizamini cy'amagufa?

Iki kizamini cy'amagufa mu by'ukuri kigizwe n'ibikorwa bibiri bifitanye isano: gukuramo amazi yo mu magufa no gukora biopsy y'amagufa. Mu gihe cyo gukuramo amazi, muganga wawe akuramo amazi yo mu magufa, mu gihe biopsy ikuraho agace gato k'umubiri w'amagufa akomeye kugira ngo akore isuzuma.

Iki gikorwa gikunze kubera mu bitaro cyangwa mu ivuriro ry'abarwayi batari barwaje, kandi akenshi kimara iminota nka 30. Abantu benshi bahabwa imiti y'ibanze kugira ngo ibareke, kandi bamwe bashobora no guhabwa imiti yoroheje kugira ngo ibafashe kuruhuka mu gihe cy'iki gikorwa.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mu gihe cy'ikizamini cy'amagufa:

1. Uzarara ku ruhande cyangwa mu nda, bitewe n'aho icyitegererezo kizafatwa
2. Muganga wawe azahanagura kandi atume uruhu rwo hejuru y'igufwa ryawe ry'ikibuno cyangwa igufwa ry'igituza rutaribwa
3. Urushinge ruto ruzashyirwa mu ruhu rugana mu gice cy'igufwa
4. Uruzi rw'amagufa ruzakururwa hanze hakoreshejwe urushinge (gukurura)
5. Urushinge runini ruzakuraho agace gato k'igufwa rifite uruzi rw'amagufa (biopsy)
6. Aho icyitegererezo cyafatiwe hazasizwa bande kandi uzagenzurwa mu gihe gito

Ushobora kumva umuvuduko n'ububabare bugufi kandi bukaze igihe uruzi rw'amagufa rukururwa, ariko akenshi ibyo bibazo ntibimara igihe kirekire. Abantu benshi babisobanura nk'uko bimeze iyo baterwa urushinge, nubwo bikaze gato.

Ni gute witegura ikizamini cy'uruzi rw'amagufa?

Kwitegura ikizamini cy'uruzi rw'amagufa bikubiyemo kwitegura mu buryo bw'umubiri no mu mutwe kugira ngo byemeze ko icyo gikorwa kigenda neza. Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye, ariko kwitegura cyane biroroshye kandi ntibisaba impinduka zikomeye mu mibereho yawe.

Menyesha muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata, cyane cyane imiti ituma amaraso ataguma mu mubiri nk'aspirine cyangwa warfarin. Ushobora gukenera guhagarika imiti imwe n'imwe iminsi myinshi mbere y'ikizamini kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kuva amaraso.

Uku niko witegura ikizamini cy'uruzi rw'amagufa:

• Teganya umuntu uzakujyana mu rugo nyuma y'icyo gikorwa
• Fata ifunguro rito mbere y'ikizamini keretse ubitegetswe gutyo
• Wambare imyenda yoroshye, itagufashe cyane
• Fata imiti yose yategetswe mbere y'icyo gikorwa nk'uko byategetswe
• Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose urimo gufata ubu
• Teganya kuruhuka umunsi wose nyuma y'ikizamini

Bisanzwe rwose kumva ufite impungenge kubera icyo gikorwa. Ganira n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi ku mpungenge zose ufite, kandi ntugatinye kubaza ibibazo ku byo witeguye.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe by'ikizamini cy'uruzi rw'amagufa?

Ibisubizo byo gupima umushongi w'amagufa bitanga amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye n'imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso n'ubuzima bw'umushongi w'amagufa. Umuganga w'inzobere mu by'indwara z'umubiri asuzuma icyo wamaze gupimisha akoresheje mikorosikopi, ashobora gukora n'izindi igerageza kugira ngo arebe impinduka za genetike cyangwa ibimenyetso byihariye byerekana indwara.

Ibisubizo bisanzwe byerekana umushongi w'amagufa muzima ufite umubare ukwiye w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukura mu byiciro bitandukanye by'ubushobozi. Uturemangingo dukwiye kugaragara neza mu bunini, imiterere, n'imikorere, nta bimenyetso bya kanseri cyangwa ibindi bidahwitse.

Ibisubizo byawe mubisanzwe birimo amakuru yerekeye:

• Umubare w'uturemangingo n'ijanisha ry'ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso
• Uko uturemangingo tugaragara n'urwego rw'ubushobozi
• Kugaragara kw'uturemangingo tudasanzwe cyangwa twa kanseri
• Ibimenyetso bya genetike cyangwa impinduka za kromozome
• Ibimenyetso by'ubwandu cyangwa izindi ndwara
• Imikorere y'umushongi w'amagufa muri rusange (uko ukora cyane)

Umuvuzi wawe azasobanura icyo ibisubizo byawe byihariye bisobanuye ku buzima bwawe kandi aganire ku buryo bwose bwo gukurikirana cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura. Ibisubizo bishobora gufata iminsi myinshi kugeza ku cyumweru kugira ngo bisohoke neza.

Ni iki gisanzwe gisanze mu mushongi w'amagufa?

Umushongi w'amagufa usanzwe werekana imikorere myiza y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukura dufite uturemangingo turi mu byiciro bitandukanye by'iterambere. Umushongi ugomba kuba urimo umubare ukwiye w'uturemangingo mbere y'uko amaraso atukura, uturemangingo mbere y'uko amaraso yera, n'uturemangingo dukora ibipapuro by'amaraso byitwa megakaryocyte.

Mu mushongi w'amagufa muzima, uzabona uturemangingo tutarashyikira dukura buhoro buhoro tukaba uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukora neza. Uturemangingo tugomba kugira imiterere isanzwe, ubunini, n'imikorere y'imbere nta bimenyetso by'ibitagenda neza bya genetike cyangwa impinduka mbi.

Ibisanzwe bisanzwe birimo:

• Uburyo bwo gukora neza ubwoko bwose bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso
• Uko uturemangingo tureba neza kandi tukagira imikurire isanzwe
• Uburyo bwo gukora neza uturemangingo tw'amagufa dukwiriye ku myaka yawe
• Nta turemangingo twinshi tutarashyikira cyangwa tudasanzwe
• Ibyerekana imiterere ya genetike isanzwe n'imiterere ya kromozome
• Kutabaho kw'uturemangingo twa kanseri cyangwa ibinyabuzima biterwa n'indwara zandura

Ibisubizo bisanzwe ntibisobanura neza ko uri muzima rwose, ariko bigaragaza ko ubwonko bwawe bukora neza kandi bugakora uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu buryo busanzwe.

Ni iki gisobanurwa n'ibisubizo bidasanzwe by'ubwonko bw'amagufa?

Ibisubizo bidasanzwe by'ubwonko bw'amagufa bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso, kuva ku ndwara zidakomeye kugeza kuri kanseri zikomeye. Ibyo bidahwitse bifasha muganga wawe kumenya icyateye ikibazo n'uburyo bwo kuvura bukwiye.

Ibisubizo bidasanzwe bisanzwe birimo uturemangingo twinshi cyangwa duke tw'ubwoko runaka, uturemangingo dusa n'utudasanzwe iyo turebwe mu mikerosikopi, cyangwa kuboneka kw'uturemangingo tutagomba kuba mu bwoko bw'amagufa. Izi mpinduka zishobora kugaragaza ubwoko butandukanye bw'indwara z'amaraso.

Ibisubizo bidasanzwe bishobora kuba birimo:

• Uturemangingo twinshi twera tutarashyikira (bishobora kuba leukemia)
• Kugabanya imikorere y'uturemangingo muri rusange (ubwonko bw'amagufa bwananiwe)
• Imiterere idasanzwe y'uturemangingo cyangwa ingano (dysplasia)
• Kuboneka kw'uturemangingo twa kanseri kuva mu zindi ngingo
• Ubudahangarwa bwa genetike mu turemangingo tw'amaraso
• Ibimenyetso by'indwara zandura cyangwa ibibazo by'uburwayi bwo mu mubiri
• Kongera kubika icyuma cyangwa izindi mpinduka za metabolike

Muganga wawe azahuza ibi bisubizo n'ibimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi bisubizo by'ibizamini kugirango atange icyemezo gikwiye kandi agushyirireho uburyo bwo kuvurwa bukwiye.

Ni iki gitera ibibazo by'ubwonko bw'amagufa?

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'ubwonko bw'amagufa, nubwo abantu benshi bafite ibyo biterwa batigeze barwara indwara zikomeye. Kumva ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha na muganga wawe gukurikirana ubuzima bwawe neza.

Imyaka ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byongera ibyago, kuko indwara zifata umushubuzi w'amagufa zigenda zikwira cyane uko ugenda usaza. Umushubuzi w'amagufa yawe mu buryo busanzwe ntugikora cyane uko ugenda usaza, kandi impinduka za genetike zikwira uko igihe kigenda.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zifata umushubuzi w'amagufa:

• Ukusaza cyane (kanseri nyinshi zifata amaraso zigaragara nyuma y'imyaka 60)
• Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri bwakoresheje imiti ya chemotherapy cyangwa radiyo
• Amateka y'umuryango y'indwara zifata amaraso cyangwa ibibazo bya genetike
• Kugira uruhare mu bimera bimwe na bimwe nka benzene cyangwa imiti yica udukoko
• Umunyinya no kunywa inzoga nyinshi cyane
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe za genetike nka Down syndrome
• Indwara zifata urugingo rw'umubiri rukora ubwirinzi cyangwa indwara zidakira
• Indwara zifata amaraso cyangwa ibibazo by'umushubuzi w'amagufa byabayeho mbere

Kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko rwose uzarwara ibibazo by'umushubuzi w'amagufa, ariko ni ngombwa kubiganiraho na muganga wawe kugira ngo akurikirane neza kandi akugire inama yo kwirinda.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no gupima umushubuzi w'amagufa?

Ibipimo by'umushubuzi w'amagufa muri rusange ni inzira zitekanye kandi zifite ibyago bike. Abantu benshi bagira ububabare buke gusa kandi bagakira neza mu minsi mike. Ibyago bikomeye ni bike ariko bishobora kubaho, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite indwara zituma amaraso ava cyangwa urugingo rw'umubiri rukora ubwirinzi rudakora neza.

Ikibazo gikunze kubaho nyuma yo gupima umushubuzi w'amagufa ni ukubabara by'agateganyo ahantu hakorewe biopsy, akenshi bikemuka mu minsi mike hakoreshejwe imiti igurishwa itagomba kwandikirwa na muganga. Abantu bamwe bashobora no kugira ibibazo bito byo kubyimba ahantu hakorewe biopsy.

Ibyago bishobora kubaho birimo:

• Kuva amaraso ahantu hakorewe biopsy (akenshi biba bito)
• Udukoko ahantu urushinge rwashyizwe
• Urubabare rurerure cyangwa kutumva neza
• Kubyimba cyangwa kubura amaraso ahantu hakorewe biopsy
• Gukomereka kw'ibice byegereyeho (ntibakunze kubaho)
• Urugero rwa allergie ku miti ituma umuntu atumva ububabare (ntibakunze kubaho)

Vugana na muganga wawe niba wumva ububabare bukomeye, ibimenyetso by’ubwandu nk'umuriro cyangwa umutuku, cyangwa kuva amaraso adahagarara n'igitutu gito. Ingorane nyinshi ni nto kandi zivurwa byoroshye.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga ku bijyanye n'amagufa?

Ukwiriye kubona umuganga niba wumva ibimenyetso bihoraho bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo by'amaraso cyangwa amagufa. Indwara nyinshi z'amagufa zigaragaza buhoro buhoro, bityo ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kugaragara nk'ibyoroshye cyangwa bitajyanye n'indwara zikomeye.

Witondere ibimenyetso bimara ibyumweru birenga bike cyangwa bikagenda birushaho. Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa n'impamvu nyinshi, rimwe na rimwe bigaragaza ibibazo by'amagufa bikeneye isuzuma ryo kwa muganga.

Bona umuganga wawe niba wumva:

• Umunaniro uhoraho udakira n'ikiruhuko
• Ubwoko bwinshi bw'indwara cyangwa gukira bitinda
• Gukomeretsa cyangwa kuva amaraso bitasobanutse
• Kugufiwa umwuka mugihe cy'imirimo isanzwe
• Ububabare bw'amagufa, cyane cyane mu mugongo cyangwa mu gituza
• Imitsi yabyimbye idashira
• Kugabanya ibiro bitasobanutse cyangwa ibyuya by'ijoro
• Uruhu rworoshye cyangwa kumva unaniwe

Kumenya no kuvura indwara z'amagufa hakiri kare bishobora gufasha cyane, bityo ntugatinye kuganira ku bimenyetso bikubangamiye na muganga wawe.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no gupima amagufa

Ese gupima amagufa birababaza?

Gupima amagufa bitera ububabare, ariko akenshi biba bigufi kandi bigashoboka. Abantu benshi basobanura ububabare nk'uburyaryari ariko bugufi, bisa n'urushinge rurerure cyangwa urukingo. Anesthesia yo mu gace irahumuriza uruhu n'igice cy'inyuma cy'igufa, nubwo ushobora kumva igitutu n'umuvuduko mugihe amagufa akurwaho.

Igihe cyo kutoroherwa cyane gikunze kumara amasegonda make igihe umugano w'amazi asohoka. Abarwayi benshi bavuga ko gutegereza bibi kurusha igikorwa nyirizina. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rishobora gutanga uburyo bwo gucunga ububabare niba wumva ububabare cyane.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'umugano w'amagufa?

Ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'umugano w'amagufa bikunze gufata iminsi 3-7 kugira ngo babone ibyavuyeho bya mbere, nubwo ibisubizo byuzuye bishobora gufata ibyumweru bibiri. Igihe biterwa n'ibizamini byihariye umuganga wawe ategeka n'uburyo isesengura rigomba kuba rigoye.

Ibisubizo bimwe, nk'imibare y'ibanze y'uturemangingo n'imigaragaro, biboneka vuba. Ariko, ibizamini bya genetike, amabara yihariye, cyangwa ibizamini by'ibimenyetso byihariye bishobora gutwara igihe kirekire kugirango birangire. Umuganga wawe azakumenyesha igihe witegura kubona ibisubizo n'uburyo bazakugezaho ibyavuyeho.

Ese ibizamini by'umugano w'amagufa bishobora kumenya ubwoko bwose bwa kanseri?

Ibizamini by'umugano w'amagufa bifite akamaro kanini mu kumenya kanseri z'amaraso nka leukemia, lymphoma, na multiple myeloma, ariko ntibishobora kumenya ubwoko bwose bwa kanseri. Iki kizamini cyihariye kigenzura imitsi ikora amaraso kandi gishobora kumenya kanseri zikomoka cyangwa zigakwirakwira mu mugano w'amagufa.

Niba kanseri iva mu kindi gice cy'umubiri yagera mu mugano wawe w'amagufa, ikizamini gishobora kumenya uturemangingo twa kanseri. Ariko, kuri tumor nyinshi zikomeye nka kanseri y'ibere, ibihaha, cyangwa kanseri y'urura runini, uburyo bindi bwo gupima ni bwo bukwiye cyane mugihe cyo kumenya no gushyira mu byiciro.

Bikunda kugenda gute niba ibizamini byanjye by'umugano w'amagufa bidahwitse?

Niba ibizamini byawe by'umugano w'amagufa bigaragaza ibisubizo bidahwitse, umuganga wawe azakorana nawe kugirango amenye icyateye ibyo bibazo kandi ategure gahunda yo kuvura ikwiye. Ibyo bidahwitse byihariye biyobora ibindi bizamini bishobora gukenerwa n'uburyo bwo kuvura bushoboka.

Si ibisubizo byose bidasanzwe byerekana indwara zikomeye. Ibintu bimwe bishobora kwerekana indwara zivurwa nk'ubuke bw'imiti cyangwa indwara zandura. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizasobanura icyo ibisubizo byawe byihariye bisobanuye kandi biganire ku ntambwe zikurikira mu kwitabwaho kwawe, zishobora kuba zirimo ibindi bizami, kohereza abahanga, cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura.

Nshobora gukenera gukora igeragezwa ry'amagufa kangahe?

Uburyo bwo gukora igeragezwa ry'amagufa biterwa rwose n'ubuzima bwawe bwite. Abantu benshi bakeneye ikizamini kimwe gusa kugira ngo bafashe kumenya indwara, mugihe abandi bafite indwara z'amaraso bashobora gukenera ibizamini bya buri gihe kugira ngo bakurikirane uburyo bwo kuvura cyangwa uko indwara igenda.

Niba uvurwa kanseri y'amaraso, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora ibizamini by'amagufa buri mezi make kugira ngo arebe uko uburyo bwo kuvura bukora neza. Mugukurikirana ibintu bimwe na bimwe, ibizamini bishobora gukorwa buri mwaka cyangwa kenshi. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakora gahunda yo gukurikirana ishingiye ku cyemezo cyawe cyihariye n'uburyo bwo kuvura.