Ni iki cyitwa kubaga umushubuzi w'amagufa? Impamvu, uburyo & ibisubizo

Kubaga umushubuzi w'amagufa ni uburyo bwa muganga aho muganga wawe akuramo agace gato k'umushubuzi w'amagufa kugira ngo akagenzure akoresheje mikorosikopi. Ubu buro bwibera imbere mu magufa yawe kandi bukora uturemangingo twose tw'amaraso, harimo uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura, uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera, na platelets. Tekereza nk'uko ureba hafi uruganda rw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso rw'umubiri wawe kugira ngo usobanukirwe n'uko rukora neza.

Ni iki cyitwa kubaga umushubuzi w'amagufa?

Kubaga umushubuzi w'amagufa bikubiyemo gufata agace gato k'uturemangingo tworoshye imbere mu magufa yawe, akenshi kuva mu gufa ryawe ry'ikibuno. Umushubuzi wawe w'amagufa ni nk'uruganda rukora cyane rukora buri gihe uturemangingo tw'amaraso mashya kugira ngo dusimbure utwakuze mu mubiri wawe hose. Iyo abaganga bakeneye gusobanukirwa impamvu imibare y'amaraso yawe ishobora kuba idasanzwe cyangwa gusuzuma indwara zimwe na zimwe, basuzuma utu turemangingo mu buryo butaziguye.

Ubu buryo akenshi bufata iminota nka 30 kandi bukorwa nk'urugendo rw'abarwayi bo hanze. Uzaryama ku ruhande rwawe mugihe muganga wawe akoresha urushinge rwihariye kugirango akuremo agace gato inyuma y'igufa ryawe ry'igice cy'umubiri. Abantu benshi basobanura ko kutumva neza ari umwanya muto ariko bikabije, bisa no guterwa urukingo ariko bikamara amasegonda make.

Kuki kubaga umushubuzi w'amagufa bikorwa?

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kubaga umushubuzi w'amagufa mugihe ibizamini by'amaraso bigaragaza ibisubizo bidasanzwe bikeneye gukorwaho iperereza ryimbitse. Impamvu isanzwe ni ugufasha gusuzuma indwara z'amaraso, kanseri zibasira uturemangingo tw'amaraso, cyangwa kugenzura uburyo imiti imwe n'imwe ikora neza.

Dore impamvu nyamukuru abaganga bakora iki kizamini, kandi kumenya impamvu bishobora kugufasha kumva witeguye:

• Gupima kanseri z'amaraso nka leukemia, lymphoma, cyangwa multiple myeloma
• Gupima anemia itasobanuwe cyangwa umubare muto w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso
• Gusuzuma indwara zandura zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko bw'amagufa
• Gukurikirana iterambere ry'imiti ivura indwara z'amaraso
• Gupima niba kanseri yaraguye mu bwonko bw'amagufa
• Gupima indwara zidakunze kuboneka z'ubwonko bw'amagufa nka myelofibrosis

Rimwe na rimwe abaganga bakoresha iyi test kugira ngo bamenye impamvu y'umuriro utazwi cyangwa uburyo budasanzwe bwo kuva amaraso. Iyi biopsy ibaha amakuru arambuye atangwa n'ibizamini by'amaraso gusa.

Ni iki gikorerwa biopsy y'ubwonko bw'amagufa?

Uburyo bwo gukora biopsy y'ubwonko bw'amagufa bukorerwa mu biro bya muganga cyangwa mu ivuriro ry'abarwayi batagomba kurara, kandi uzashobora gutaha uwo munsi. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazagufasha mu ntambwe zose kugira ngo wumve umeze neza kandi ufite amakuru ahagije mu gihe cyose cy'inzira.

Ibi nibyo ushobora kwitega mu gihe cy'iyi nzira, intambwe ku yindi:

1. Uzaryama ku ruhande cyangwa mu nda ku meza yo gupimisha
2. Muganga wawe azahanagura uruhu ruri hejuru y'igufwa ryawe ry'ikibuno akoresheje umuti wica udukoko
3. Umuti wo mu gace uraterwa kugira ngo utume ako gace guta ubwenge burundu
4. Urushinge ruzengurutse ruzashyirwa mu ruhu rwawe rugana mu gufwa
5. Amazi yo mu bwonko bw'amagufa azakururwa mbere (aspiration)
6. Agace gato k'igufwa rifite ubwonko bw'amagufa kazavanwaho (biopsy)
7. Igitsure kizashyirwaho kugira ngo gihagarike kuva amaraso
8. Agapfuka kizashyirwa ahakorewe

Gufata icyo kigeragezo bifata iminota mike gusa, nubwo ushobora kumva igitsure iyo urushinge rwinjiye mu gufwa. Abantu benshi basanga gutegereza bitaboroheye kurusha uburyo bwo gukora icyo kigeragezo ubwacyo.

Ni gute wakwitegura biopsy y'ubwonko bw'amagufa?

Kwitegura biopsy y'ubwonko bw'amagufa biroroshye, kandi itsinda ry'abaganga bazaguha amabwiriza yihariye ashingiye ku mateka yawe y'ubuzima. Intego ni ukugushyira mu mutekano uko bishoboka kose kandi uburyo bwo gukora icyo kigeragezo bugenda neza.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora ibi byiteguro mu minsi ibanza kubagwa:

• Reka gufata imiti ituma amaraso atiyongera nka aspirine cyangwa warfarin niba ubisabwe
• Menyesha muganga wawe imiti yose n'ibiyobyabwenge ufata
• Fata ifunguro rito mbere y'igikorwa keretse ubisabwe gutyo
• Tegura umuntu uzakujyana mu rugo nyuma yaho
• Wambare imyenda yoroshye kandi yagutse
• Zana urutonde rw'imiti ufata ubu

Ntabwo bisaba kwiyiriza ubusa keretse muganga wawe abisabye. Abantu bamwe basanga bifasha kuzana ama-headphones cyangwa bakabaza niba bashobora kumva umuziki mu gihe cy'igikorwa kugira ngo bibafashe kuruhuka.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo bya biopsy y'amagufa yawe?

Ibisubizo bya biopsy y'amagufa yawe bizagaruka mu byumweru biri hagati y'icyumweru kimwe n'ibiri, kuko igice cy'umubiri gikeneye igihe cyo gutunganywa no gusuzumwa neza n'umuhanga mu by'indwara. Raporo izakubiyemo amakuru arambuye yerekeye imiterere y'amagufa yawe, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo, n'ibintu byose bidasanzwe byabonetse.

Ibisubizo bisanzwe bikunze kugaragaza amagufa mazima afite uruvange rukwiye rw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso turimo dukura. Muganga wawe azasobanura icyo ibyavuyeho bisobanuye ku miterere yawe yihariye, ariko muri rusange, ibisubizo bisanzwe byerekana ko amagufa yawe akora uturemangingo tw'amaraso neza kandi ntigaragaza ibimenyetso bya kanseri cyangwa izindi ndwara zikomeye.

Ibisubizo bidasanzwe bishobora kugaragaza indwara zitandukanye, kandi muganga wawe azakuyobora mu byo babonye:

• Uduce duke cyangwa twinshi cyane tw'ubwoko runaka bw'uturemangingo
• Kugaragara kw'uturemangingo tudasanzwe cyangwa twa kanseri
• Ibimenyetso by'ubwandu cyangwa kubyimbirwa
• Gusharira cyangwa fibrosis mu magufa
• Ibimenyetso by'ubusanzwe bwa genetike mu turemangingo
• Kwinjirwa n'uturemangingo twa kanseri tugaruka mu bindi bice by'umubiri

Wibuke ko ibisubizo bidasanzwe bitavuze buri gihe ko hari ikintu gikomeye. Rimwe na rimwe, byemeza gusa ibyo muganga wawe yari asanzwe akeka kandi bigafasha kuyobora gahunda y'imiti ikwiriye kuri wowe.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya biopsy y'amagufa?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kugira ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya biopsy y'amagufa, nubwo kugira ibyo bintu bitwemeza ko uzagira ibibazo. Kubisobanukirwa bishobora gufasha wowe na muganga wawe gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku buzima bwawe.

Imyaka ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi, kuko imikorere y'amagufa ihinduka mu buryo bw'umwimerere uko imyaka igenda. Abantu barengeje imyaka 60 bashobora kurwara indwara z'amaraso, nubwo izo ndwara zishobora kubaho mu myaka iyo ari yo yose. Amateka y'umuryango nayo agira uruhare, cyane cyane ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaraso zishingiye ku bintu by'umurage.

Izindi mpamvu zishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw'amagufa yawe harimo:

• Umuti wa mbere wa chemotherapy cyangwa radiyo
• Kugera ku bimera bimwe na bimwe nka benzene
• Kunywa itabi
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe zishingiye ku bintu by'umurage
• Indwara ziterwa n'umubiri w'umuntu wivumbura
• Udukoko tw'igihe kirekire
• Imiti imwe na imwe ifatwa igihe kirekire

Ibintu by'ibidukikije n'ubuzima bwawe bishobora no kugira uruhare mu buzima bw'amagufa, nubwo abantu benshi bafite ibintu bishobora gutera ibibazo batabigira. Muganga wawe azirikana ibyo bintu byose igihe asobanura ibisubizo byawe.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa na biopsy y'amagufa?

Biopsy y'amagufa muri rusange iratekanye cyane, ariko nk'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, ifite ibyago bito. Ibyago bikomeye ni bike, bibaho ku gipimo kiri munsi ya 1% by'uburyo bwo kuvura, ariko kumenya icyo ugomba kwitondera bishobora kugufasha kumva witeguye.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ni nto kandi z'igihe gito, harimo kubabara ahantu biopsy yakorewe mu minsi mike. Ushobora kandi kubona ibibazo byo gukomereka cyangwa kuva amaraso gato aho urushinge rwashyizwe, ibyo bisanzwe kandi bikwiye gukemuka mu cyumweru.

Ibi ni ibibazo bishobora kuvuka, nubwo akenshi bidakunze kubaho:

• Udukoko twinjira ahakorewe biopsy
• Kuva amaraso cyane
• Urubavu rurerure cyangwa kutumva neza
• Kugira allergie ku muti w'umubiri
• Kwangirika kw'ibindi bice byegereyeho (ntarengwa)
• Guta ubwenge mugihe cyangwa nyuma y'igikorwa

Itsinda ry'abaganga bazakugenzura nyuma y'igikorwa kandi bazaguha amabwiriza asobanutse yerekeye kwita ku gice cyakorewe biopsy. Abantu benshi basubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe nyuma y'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma ya biopsy y'amagufa?

Ugomba kuvugana n'umuganga wawe niba ubonye ibimenyetso bibangamiye nyuma ya biopsy y'amagufa yawe. Nubwo abantu benshi bakira nta kibazo, ni ngombwa kumenya igihe cyo gushaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi.

Hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso byo kwandura cyangwa izindi ngorane:

• Urubavu rurenze 101°F (38.3°C)
• Urubavu ruzamuka rutavurwa n'imiti yo kurwanya ububabare
• Kuva amaraso cyane cyangwa imyanda iva ahakorewe biopsy
• Itukura, ubushyuhe, cyangwa kubyimba ahantu hose
• Ibishyimbo cyangwa imyanda inuka
• Kuruka cyangwa kuruka bidahagarara

Ugomba kandi kuvugana niba ufite ibibazo bijyanye n'ibisubizo byawe cyangwa ukeneye ibisobanuro ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuvurwa. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe barashaka ko wumva ufite amakuru kandi wumva umeze neza muri ubu buryo.

Ibikunze kubazwa kuri biopsy y'amagufa

Q.1 Ese isuzuma rya biopsy y'amagufa ni ryiza mu gusuzuma kanseri ya leukemia?

Yego, biopsy y'amagufa ni kimwe mu bizami by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma leukemia. Bituma abaganga babona selile za kanseri ziri mu magufa yawe kandi bagasobanura neza ubwoko bwa leukemia ushobora kuba ufite. Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora gutanga icyerekezo cya leukemia, ariko biopsy yemeza isuzuma kandi igafasha umuganga wawe gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Icyo gipimo kandi kigaragaza ijanisha ry'ingirangingo zifite kanseri mu mugongo wawe, ibyo bikaba bifasha kumenya icyiciro n'uburemere bw'indwara. Iri somo ni ngombwa mu guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura no kumenya uko ushobora kwitwara neza mu kuvurwa.

Q.2 Ese gupima umugongo birushya kurusha izindi nzira?

Abantu benshi bavuga ko gupima umugongo bitari byiza cyane ariko bishoboka, bisa n'ibindi bikorwa bito nk'ukuntu baterwa urushinge cyangwa bavana amaraso. Umuti w'ibanze utuma uruhu n'ibice byo hejuru bitumva, bityo ntuzumva ububabare bukomeye mu gihe cy'igikorwa kinini.

Umwanya urushinge rwinjiramo mu gice cy'igufa rushobora gutera umuvuduko mwinshi w'akanya gato umara amasegonda make gusa. Abarwayi benshi bavuga ko gutegereza ari bibi kurusha igikorwa nyirizina, kandi kutumva neza birashoboka hamwe n'imiti yo kurwanya ububabare muganga wawe atanga.

Q.3 Ese ibisubizo byo gupima umugongo bifite ukuri ku rugero rungana iki?

Ibisubizo byo gupima umugongo bifite ukuri cyane iyo bikozwe kandi bigasobanurwa n'abantu bafite uburambe mu buvuzi. Iki kizamini kigenzura mu buryo butaziguye ingirangingo zo mu mugongo wawe, gitanga amakuru afatika yerekeye ubwoko bw'ingirangingo, imiterere, n'ubundi busanzwe burimo.

Ariko, nk'ikindi kizamini cy'ubuvuzi, hari amahirwe make yo kubona ibisubizo bitari byo bitewe n'ibintu by'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa gufata icyitegererezo mu gace kitagaragaza umugongo wose. Muganga wawe azirikana ibisubizo byawe byo gupima hamwe n'ibindi bizaminini n'ibimenyetso byawe kugira ngo akore isuzuma rirambye.

Q.4 Nshobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nyuma yo gupimisha umugongo?

Ugomba kwirinda imyitozo ikomeye byibuze amasaha 24 nyuma yo gupimisha umugongo wawe kugira ngo ahantu hakorewe gupima hakire neza. Ibikorwa byoroheje nk'ukugenda biragenda neza, ariko irinda kuzamura ibintu biremereye, kwiruka, cyangwa ibikorwa bishobora gushyira umuvuduko ahantu hakorewe gupima.

Umuvuzi wawe azaguha ingamba zihariye zerekeye imyitozo ukurikije uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze, ariko abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu myitozo isanzwe nyuma y'iminsi mike. Ujye wumva umubiri wawe kandi wongere imyitozo gahoro gahoro uko wumva umeze neza.

Q.5 Mbese, ni iki gishobora kuba kiramutse ibizamini by'amagufa byerekanye kanseri?

Niba ibizamini by'amagufa byawe byerekanye kanseri, umuganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo ategure gahunda yuzuye yo kuvura yagenewe uburwayi bwawe bwihariye. Ubwoko bwa kanseri, icyiciro cyayo, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange bizagira uruhare mu buryo bwo kuvurwa.

Itsinda ry'abaganga bazasobanura neza uburwayi bwawe, baganire ku buryo bwo kuvura, kandi baguhuze n'inzobere zibanda ku bwoko bwa kanseri yawe. Wibuke ko kanseri nyinshi zifata amaraso zivurwa cyane, cyane cyane iyo zamenyekanye hakiri kare, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura bukomeza gutera imbere bitewe n'iterambere mu bushakashatsi bwa muganga.