Ni iki cyitwa Kwimura Umushongi w'amagufa? Intego, Uburyo & Gukira

Kwimura umushongi w'amagufa ni uburyo bwa muganga busimbuza umushongi w'amagufa wangiritse cyangwa urwaye hamwe na selile zifite ubuzima bwiza. Tekereza umushongi w'amagufa yawe nk'uruganda rw'umubiri wawe rukora selile z'amaraso - ruri mu magufa yawe kandi rukora selile zitukura z'amaraso, selile zera z'amaraso, na platelets zigufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza. Iyo uru ruganda rudakora neza kubera kanseri, indwara ziterwa n'imiryango, cyangwa izindi ndwara, kwimura umushongi w'amagufa birashobora kuguha intangiriro nshya hamwe na selile nshya, zifite ubuzima bwiza.

Ni iki cyitwa kwimura umushongi w'amagufa?

Kwimura umushongi w'amagufa, bita kandi kwimura selile z'umubiri, bikubiyemo gusimbuza umushongi wawe w'amagufa hamwe na selile zifite ubuzima bwiza ziva ku muntu watanze cyangwa mu mubiri wawe. Umushongi wawe w'amagufa ni igice cyoroshye, gisa n'uruganda ruri mu magufa yawe rukora selile zose z'amaraso yawe.

Ubu buryo bukora bwa mbere busenya umushongi wawe w'amagufa urwaye hamwe na chemotherapy ikomeye cyangwa radiasiyo. Hanyuma, selile zifite ubuzima bwiza zinjizwa mu maraso yawe binyuze muri IV, bisa nko kuvomerwa amaraso. Izi selile nshya zigenda mu mushongi wawe w'amagufa maze zigatangira gukora selile z'amaraso zifite ubuzima bwiza.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bw'ibanze bwo kwimura umushongi w'amagufa. Kwimura autologous bikoresha selile zawe bwite, zatoranijwe mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa. Kwimura allogeneic bikoresha selile ziva ku muntu watanze ubyemeye, akenshi umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa umuntu witanze wemerewe.

Kuki kwimura umushongi w'amagufa bikorwa?

Kwimura umushongi w'amagufa birasabwa iyo umushongi wawe w'amagufa yangiritse cyane kandi udashobora gukora selile z'amaraso zihagije zifite ubuzima bwiza. Ubu buryo burokorera ubuzima buvura kanseri zitandukanye z'amaraso, indwara ziterwa n'imiryango, n'indwara z'ubudahangarwa zititabira neza izindi mvura.

Impamvu zisanzwe abaganga basaba ubu buryo zirimo kanseri z'amaraso nka leukemia, lymphoma, na multiple myeloma. Izi kanseri zigaba ibitero ku selile zawe zikora amaraso, bituma umubiri wawe udashobora gukora selile zifite ubuzima bwiza ukeneye kugira ngo ubeho.

Usibye kanseri, gukoresha imitsi yo mu magufa bishobora gufasha mu zindi ndwara zikomeye. Muri zo harimo anemia ikomeye ya aplastike, aho imitsi yo mu magufa yawe ihagarika gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso, n'indwara zishingiye ku mikorere y'uturemangingo nk'indwara ya selile ya sikle cyangwa talasemiya bigira ingaruka ku buryo uturemangingo tw'amaraso twawe dukora kandi tugakora.

Rimwe na rimwe, iyi nzira iba ngombwa nyuma yo kuvurwa na chimiothérapie cyangwa radiyo yo hejuru kubera ibibyimba bikomeye. Ubu buvuzi bukaze bushobora kwangiza imitsi yo mu magufa yawe nk'ingaruka, bisaba gukoresha imitsi yo mu magufa kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso.

Ni iyihe nzira yo gukoresha imitsi yo mu magufa?

Inzira yo gukoresha imitsi yo mu magufa ibera mu byiciro byinshi byateguwe neza mu byumweru cyangwa amezi. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagufasha mu ntambwe zose, rikwemeza ko usobanukirwa icyo witegura kandi ukumva umeze neza uko bishoboka kose muri iyi nzira.

Mbere na mbere, uzakorerwa ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo usuzume ubuzima bwawe muri rusange kandi umenye niba uri umukandida mwiza wo gukoresha imitsi yo mu magufa. Ibi bikubiyemo ibizamini by'amaraso, ibizamini by'amashusho, ibizamini by'umutima n'ibihaha, n'ibiganiro n'inzobere zitandukanye kugira ngo hakorwe gahunda yuzuye yo kuvura.

Hakurikira icyiciro cyo gutegura, aho uzahabwa chimiothérapie yo hejuru cyangwa radiyo kugira ngo urimburire imitsi yo mu magufa yawe arwaye. Ibi bikunze gufata iminsi myinshi kandi bisaba kujyanwa mu bitaro. Mugihe iki cyiciro gishobora kuba kigoye, itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagukurikiranira hafi kandi rigutange imiti yo kugenzura ingaruka.

Umunsi nyirizina wo gukoresha imitsi yo mu magufa akenshi witwa

Nyuma yo gukorerwa iyi transplant, uzinjira mu cyiciro cyo koroherwa aho uzamara ibyumweru byinshi mu gice cyihariye cy'ibitaro. Muri iki gihe, uturemangingo dushya tw'imitsi tujya mu bwonko bwawe maze dutangire gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso twiza - inzira yitwa engraftment isanzwe ifata ibyumweru 2-4.

Ni gute witegura gukorerwa transplant y'ubwonko bw'amagufa?

Kwitegura gukorerwa transplant y'ubwonko bw'amagufa bikubiyemo kwitegura mu mubiri no mu mutwe, kandi ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi izagushyigikira mu bice byose byo kwitegura. Ubu buryo busanzwe butangira ibyumweru byinshi mbere y'itariki nyayo yo gukorerwaho transplant.

Kwitegura kwawe mu bijyanye n'ubuvuzi bikubiyemo kurangiza ibizamini byose n'isuzuma ryose risabwa kugira ngo wemeze ko ufite ubuzima bwiza buhagije kugira ngo ukorerwe ubu buryo. Uzanakenera gushyirwaho catheter ya venous yo hagati, itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona imiti, gukuramo amaraso, no gukora transplant ubwayo.

Kwita ku buzima bwawe mbere yo gukorerwa transplant ni ngombwa kugira ngo ugire umusaruro mwiza ushoboka. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba intambwe zihariye zo kunoza uko umeze:

• Kurya neza no kunywa amazi ahagije
• Gukingirwa inkingo zisabwa mbere yuko ubudahangarwa bwawe bucika intege
• Gukiza indwara zihari cyangwa ibibazo byo mu menyo
• Gu stop imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kubangamira ubu buryo
• Gukurikiza inama zo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo ugumane imbaraga zawe

Ibi byiteguro bifasha kumenya neza ko umubiri wawe umeze neza kugira ngo ukore transplant kandi ukire neza.

Kwitegura mu mutwe ni ngombwa cyane, kuko ibi bishobora kuba ibintu bigoye. Tekereza gutegura ubufasha buva mu muryango, inshuti, cyangwa amatsinda ashyigikira, kandi ntugatinye kuganira ku mpungenge zose cyangwa ubwoba na ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi cyangwa umujyanama.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe bya transplant y'ubwonko bw'amagufa?

Kumenya uko imikorere yo kwimurira umushongi w'amagufa yawe igenda bisaba gukurikiranira hafi ibimenyetso byinshi by'ingenzi byerekana uko selile nshya zawe z'imitsi zikora neza. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazakurikiranira hafi ibi bimenyetanyo kandi basobanure icyo bisobanuye ku buzima bwawe.

Igipimo cy'ingenzi ni ukwimuka, bikerekana niba selile nshya zawe z'imitsi zashoboye gufata mu mushongi w'amagufa yawe. Abaganga bawe bazakurikiranira hafi imibare y'amaraso yawe buri munsi, bareba ibimenyetso byerekana ko umushongi w'amagufa yawe ukora selile zera z'amaraso, selile zitukura z'amaraso, na platelets.

Kwimuka neza bikunze kubaho iyo umubare wawe wa neutrophil (ubwoko bwa selile zera z'amaraso) ugera hejuru ya selile 500 kuri microliter iminsi itatu ikurikirana. Ibi bikunze kubaho hagati y'iminsi 10-30 nyuma yo kwimurwa, bitewe n'ubwoko bwo kwimurwa n'uburyo umubiri wawe witwara.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakurikirana kandi ibindi bimenyetso by'ingenzi byo gukira. Ibi birimo umubare wawe wa platelet uzamuka hejuru ya 20,000 udafashijwe no kongererwa amaraso, n'umubare wawe wa selile zitukura z'amaraso ugenda neza ku buryo utakigomba kongererwa amaraso buri gihe.

Intsinzi y'igihe kirekire ipimwa n'imibare y'amaraso yawe iguma ihagaze, kutabaho kw'indwara yawe y'umwimerere, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'imibereho myiza y'abantu bigenda neza uko igihe kigenda. Inama zisanzwe zo gukurikirana zizakomeza mu mezi menshi kugeza ku myaka nyuma yo kwimurwa kwawe.

Ni gute wafasha gukira kwimurwa kw'umushongi w'amagufa yawe?

Gufasha gukira kwimurwa kw'umushongi w'amagufa yawe bikubiyemo gufata intambwe zihariye zo kurengera urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa bukora nabi mu gihe ukomeza gukira. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizatanga amabwiriza arambuye yagenewe uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze, ariko hari amahame rusange akoreshwa ku barwayi benshi.

Gukumira indwara biba ibya mbere mu gukira, kuko urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa ruzaba rwarushijeho gucika intege mu mezi menshi. Ibi bivuze kwitonda cyane ku isuku, kwirinda abantu benshi, no kwirinda abantu barwaye.

Ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi bizasaba ibikorwa byinshi byo kwirinda bishobora kumera nk'ibiremereye mu ntangiriro, ariko ni ngombwa ku mutekano wawe:

• Kwoza intoki zawe kenshi kandi neza
• Kwambara agapfukamunwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi cyangwa hafi y'abandi
• Kwanga imbuto zishya, imboga, n'ibindi biribwa bishobora gutwara mikorobe
• Kunywa imiti yose yanditswe neza nk'uko byategetswe
• Kugenzura umuriro wawe no gutanga raporo y'umuriro uwo ari wo wose ako kanya
• Kuruhuka bihagije no kwirinda ibikorwa biremereye

Izi ngamba zigufasha kukwirinda mugihe sisitemu yawe nshya y'ubudahangarwa ikura kandi igakomera mu mezi ari imbere.

Imirire n'amazi bifite uruhare runini mu gukira kwawe. Ushobora gukorana n'umuganga w'imirire kugirango wemeze ko urimo kubona imirire ikwiye mugihe ukurikiza amabwiriza y'umutekano w'ibiribwa akurinda indwara.

Ni iki gitera ibibazo byo kwimurwa kw'amagufa?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo nyuma yo kwimurwa kw'amagufa, kandi kubisobanukirwa bifasha itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga gufata ingamba zo kwirinda. Imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'ubwoko bwo kwimurwa wakiriye bifite uruhare runini mu gushyiraho urwego rwawe rw'ibyago.

Imyaka ni kimwe mu bintu by'ibyago bikomeye, kuko abarwayi bakuze muri rusange bahura n'ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo no gukira gahoro. Ariko, abantu benshi bakuze baracyakira kwimurwa neza, kandi itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagenzura neza niba uri umukandida mwiza hatitawe ku myaka.

Ubuzima bwawe muri rusange mbere yo kwimurwa bugira uruhare rukomeye ku musaruro wawe. Kugira izindi ndwara nka diyabete, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa ibibazo by'impyiko bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo, ariko ibi ntibigutera guhagarikwa kwimurwa.

Ubwoko bwa transplant na bwo bugira uruhare mu kugaragaza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze. Transplant ya allogeneic (ikoresha uturemangingo duturutse ku wundi muntu) igira ibyago byinshi kurusha transplant ya autologous (ikoresha uturemangingo twawe bwite), cyane cyane ku ndwara ya graft-versus-host na infections, ariko kandi bishobora kugira akamaro mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe.

Izindi mpamvu zishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo birimo kuba warabanje guhabwa imiti ivura kanseri cyangwa radiyo, urwego rwa kanseri yawe rugezeho igihe ukorerwa transplant, n'uko umuntu waguteye uturemangingo ahuye neza nawe niba uri kubona transplant ya allogeneic.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora kuvuka nyuma yo gukorerwa transplant y'amagufa?

Ibibazo bishobora kuvuka nyuma yo gukorerwa transplant y'amagufa bishobora gutandukana kuva ku ngaruka zoroheje kugeza ku ndwara zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga. Nubwo bishobora gutera ubwoba, wibuke ko ikipe y'abaganga yawe yatojwe neza mu gukumira, kumenya, no kuvura ibi bibazo.

Ibibazo bisanzwe bibaho hakiri kare biba mu mezi make ya mbere nyuma yo gukorerwa transplant. Ibi birimo infections ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bwawe bugabanyije, kuva amaraso bitewe n'umubare muto wa platelet, na anemia iterwa no kutabona umubare uhagije w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso.

Indwara ya graft-versus-host (GVHD) ni ikibazo cyihariye gishobora kubaho hamwe na transplant ya allogeneic. Ibi bibaho iyo uturemangingo tw'umubiri w'uwaguteye uturemangingo dutangira kurwanya imyenda y'umubiri wawe, tukayibeshya ko ari abanzi. Nubwo GVHD ishobora kuba ikomeye, hari imiti ikora neza iboneka, kandi rimwe na rimwe ibibazo byoroheje bifasha kurwanya uturemangingo twa kanseri.

Ibindi bibazo byinshi bishobora kuvuka mu byumweru n'amezi akurikira transplant, kandi ikipe yawe y'abaganga izakugenzura neza kuri ibi:

• Mucositis, itera ibisebe bibabaza mu kanwa no mu muhogo
• Ubumara bw'ingingo bugira ingaruka ku mwijima, impyiko, cyangwa amabuye
• Indwara ya veno-occlusive, aho imitsi y'amaraso yo mu mwijima iba ifunze
• Kanseri ya kabiri ishobora kuvuka nyuma y'imyaka myinshi
• Ibibazo by'uburumbuke n'imihindukire ya hormone
• Cataracts n'izindi ngaruka zirambye

Nubwo uru rutonde rushobora kugaragara nk'ururemereye, abarwayi benshi bahura n'ingorane zoroheje cyangwa ntazo na gato, kandi ingorane nyinshi zishobora gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ingorane zirambye ntizikunze kubaho ariko zishobora kwibandaho harimo GVHD idakira, ibibazo bikomeje by'ubudahangarwa, n'ubwiyongere bw'ibibazo bya kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Kwitabwaho buri gihe bifasha kumenya no gucunga ibi bibazo hakiri kare.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo kwimurwa kw'umushongi w'amagufa?

Nyuma yo kwimurwa kw'umushongi w'amagufa, uzakenera gukurikiranwa n'abaganga buri gihe ubuzima bwawe bwose, ariko hariho ibihe byihariye ugomba guhamagara ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi ako kanya. Kumva ibi bimenyetso byo kwihanangiriza bifasha kumenya ko uvurwa vuba iyo bibaye ngombwa.

Ugomba guhamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ugize umuriro uwo ariwo wose, kuko ibi bishobora kugaragaza indwara ikomeye. Ndetse n'umuriro muto wa 100.4°F (38°C) cyangwa hejuru bisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa iyo ubudahangarwa bwawe bwangiritse.

Ibindi bimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa birimo isesemi rikomeye cyangwa kuruka bikubuza kugumana amazi, ibimenyetso by'amaraso nk'imvune idasanzwe cyangwa amazuru, n'ingorane iyo arizo zose zo guhumeka cyangwa kubabara mu gituza.

Vugana n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi ako kanya niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso biteye inkeke:

• Impiswi zihoraho cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kumuka kw'amazi
• Umutwe ukabije cyangwa impinduka mu burebure
• Uruhu rurashye cyangwa impinduka mu ibara ry'uruhu
• Kuvurungana cyangwa impinduka mu mico
• Umunaniro ukabije urenze uwo usanzwe ufite
• Urubavu cyangwa gutwika mugihe cyo kunyara

Ibi bimenyetso ntibisobanura buri gihe ibibazo bikomeye, ariko ni ngombwa kubisuzuma vuba ku barwayi bimuriwe.

Gukurikiranwa kwawe buri gihe bizaba bikomeye mbere na mbere, hamwe no gusura inshuro nyinshi mu cyumweru mbere na mbere, hanyuma bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro kugeza ku mezi, hanyuma imyaka. Uku gusura kugenzura imibare y'amaraso yawe, imikorere y'ingingo, n'ubuzima muri rusange.

Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa ku bijyanye no kwimura umushongi w'amagufa

Ese kwimura umushongi w'amagufa ni umuti wa kanseri?

Kwimura umushongi w'amagufa bishobora kuvura kanseri nyinshi zo mu maraso, ariko ntibishoboka ko bivura buri wese. Urwego rwo gukira ruterwa n'ibintu nk'ubwoko bwa kanseri, uko yateye imbere, imyaka yawe, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Ku barwayi bamwe, kwimura umushongi w'amagufa bitanga umuti usesuye, mu gihe abandi bashobora kugera ku gihe kirekire cyo gukira.

Umuvuzi wawe w'indwara z'umubiri ashobora gutanga amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye n'urwego rwo gukira ku ndwara yawe. N'iyo kwimura umushongi w'amagufa bitatanga umuti, akenshi bishobora kongera ubuzima cyane kandi bigateza imbere imibereho myiza.

Ese kwimura umushongi w'amagufa birababaza?

Uburyo nyabwo bwo kwimura umushongi w'amagufa ubwabyo ntibubabaza kandi bumeze nk'uko bakira amaraso. Ariko, imiti ya shimi cyangwa imirasire mbere yo kwimura umushongi w'amagufa bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye zirimo umunaniro, isesemi, n'ibisebe mu kanwa.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizatanga imiti yo kugenzura ububabare n'akababaro muri ubu buryo. Abantu benshi basanga gutegereza ububabare akenshi biba bibi kurusha uko byagenda, cyane cyane hamwe no gucunga ububabare neza.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire nyuma yo kwimura umushongi w'amagufa?

Gukira by'ibanze mubisanzwe bifata amezi 2-6, ariko gukira neza bishobora gufata umwaka 1-2 cyangwa kurenza. Imibare yawe y'amaraso mubisanzwe ikira mu byumweru 2-4, ariko urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rushobora gufata amezi 6-12 kugira ngo rwongere rwubakwe neza.

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye cyane hagati y'abantu kandi giterwa n'ibintu nk'imyaka yawe, ubwoko bwo kwimura umushongi w'amagufa, niba wateje ibibazo. Abantu bamwe basubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe mu mezi make, mu gihe abandi babisaba igihe kirekire.

Ese nshobora gukora nyuma yo kwimura umushongi w'amagufa?

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu kazi nyuma yo kwimurwa umushongi w'amagufa, nubwo igihe bitwara gitandukanye cyane. Abarwayi bamwe basubira mu kazi mu gihe cy'amezi 3-6, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera umwaka cyangwa kurenza, bitewe n'uburyo bakira n'ubwoko bw'akazi bakora.

Ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora buzaterwa n'imbaraga zawe, uko umubiri wawe ukira, n'ibisabwa by'akazi kawe. Abarwayi benshi basanga bakeneye gukora impinduka mu ntangiriro, nko gukorera mu rugo cyangwa kugabanya amasaha.

Ese nzakenerewa gufata imiti iteka ryose nyuma yo kwimurwa?

Gukenera imiti y'igihe kirekire biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ubwimurwa bwawe n'uburyo ukira neza. Abarwayi bimuriwe umushongi w'amagufa w'ubwoko bwabo bwite basanzwe bakeneye imiti mike y'igihe kirekire kurusha abarwayi bimuriwe umushongi w'amagufa w'ubwoko butandukanye.

Abarwayi bimuriwe umushongi w'amagufa w'ubwoko butandukanye basanzwe bakeneye imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri byibuze amezi make kugira ngo birinde GVHD, kandi bamwe bashobora kuyikeneye igihe kirekire. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakora kugira ngo rigabanye imiti mu gihe rigufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza no kwirinda ingorane.