Icyo Isuzuma ry'Amagufa Ariryo? Impamvu, Uko Bikorwa & Ibivamo

Isesengura ry'amagufa ni isuzuma ryo mu rwego rwa nikerele rishobozwa abaganga kureba uko amagufa yawe akora neza mu mubiri wawe wose. Rikoresha umubare muto w'ibikoresho bya radiyo kugira ngo akore amashusho arambuye y'amagufa yawe, agaragaza ahantu amagufa yawe yongera kwiyubaka cyangwa ahari ibibazo.

Bitekereze nk'ifoto idasanzwe ishobora kureba imbere mu magufa yawe kugira ngo igenzure ubuzima bwayo. Bitandukanye na X-ray isanzwe igaragaza gusa imiterere y'amagufa, isesengura ry'amagufa rigaragaza imikorere y'amagufa n'imikorere y'umubiri. Ibi bituma bikoreshwa cyane mu kumenya ibibazo bishobora kutagaragara ku zindi igeragezwa.

Icyo isesengura ry'amagufa aricyo?

Isesengura ry'amagufa ni isuzuma ry'umutekano ryo mu rwego rwa nikerele rikoreshwa mu gukurikirana uko amagufa yawe afata ikintu cya radiyo. Iki kintu ni umubare muto w'ibikoresho bya radiyo biterwa mu maraso yawe bikajya mu magufa yawe.

Amagufa yawe asanzwe afata iki kintu, kandi ahantu hari imikorere y'amagufa yiyongereye azagifata cyane. Kamera idasanzwe ifata amashusho y'aho iki kintu cyakusanyirijwe, ikora imbonerahamwe y'ubuzima bw'amagufa yawe. Uburyo bwose ntibubabaza kandi imirasire ihura nayo ni mike.

Iri igeragezwa ryitwa kandi bone scintigraphy cyangwa skeletal scintigraphy. Bitandukanye n'izindi igeragezwa ry'amagufa kuko rigaragaza uko amagufa yawe akora aho kugaragaza gusa uko asa.

Kuki isesengura ry'amagufa rikoreshwa?

Abaganga basaba isesengura ry'amagufa kugira ngo bagenzure ububabare bw'amagufa butasobanuwe, bamenye kanseri yagiye mu magufa, cyangwa gukurikirana indwara z'amagufa. Ni rimwe mu igeragezwa ryumvikana cyane mu gushaka ibibazo mu magufa yawe yose icyarimwe.

Muganga wawe ashobora gutanga iki kizamini niba ufite ububabare bw'amagufa budahoraho budafite impamvu igaragara. Irashobora kugaragaza imvune ziterwa n'umunaniro, indwara, cyangwa izindi ngorane X-ray isanzwe ishobora kubura. Iri igeragezwa rifasha cyane kuko rigenzura umubiri wawe wose mu gihe kimwe.

Dore impamvu nyamukuru abaganga bategeka isesengura ry'amagufa:

• Gusuzuma kanseri yaguye mu magufa (metastases y'amagufa)
• Gusuzuma imvune zihishe, cyane cyane imvune ziterwa n'umunaniro
• Gusuzuma indwara ziterwa n'ubwandu mu magufa (osteomyelitis)
• Gukurikirana uko indwara ya arthrite ikura
• Gusuzuma ububabare bw'amagufa butasobanutse
• Gusuzuma indwara z'amagufa nka Paget's disease
• Gusuzuma uko amagufa akira nyuma yo kubagwa cyangwa gukomereka

Iri suzuma rifitiye akamaro kanini abarwayi ba kanseri kuko rishobora kugaragaza uko amagufa yagizweho ingaruka mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Gusuzuma hakiri kare akenshi bituma imiti ivura neza.

Ni iki gikorerwa mu isuzuma ry'amagufa?

Isuzuma ry'amagufa rikorwa mu byiciro bibiri bikuru bikamara amasaha menshi. Mbere na mbere, uzahabwa urushinge rw'umuti w'imirasire, hanyuma ukazategereza mu gihe urwo ruhinge ruzaba rugenda mu mubiri wawe rugera mu magufa yawe.

Igice cyo gusuzuma nyirizina kiroroshye kandi gisaba ko uryama utuje ku meza mu gihe kamera nini izaba izenguruka umubiri wawe. Ubusanzwe, iki gikorwa cyose kimara amasaha 3-4, ariko igihe kinini kiba ari ukutegereza ko urwo ruhinge rwinjira mu mubiri.

Ibi nibyo bikorwa mu isuzuma ry'amagufa:

1. Uzagabwa urushinge ruto rw'umuti w'imirasire mu uruhu rwo ku kaboko kawe
2. Uzatereza amasaha 2-3 kugira ngo urwo ruhinge rugende mu maraso yawe rugere mu magufa yawe
3. Uzasabwa kunywa amazi menshi mu gihe cyo gutegereza
4. Uzasabwa gusukura uruhago rwawe mbere gato yo gutangira isuzuma
5. Uzarara ku meza yo gusuzumiraho mu gihe kamera ifata amafoto
6. Igikorwa cyo gusuzuma kimara iminota 30-60
7. Bishobora kukugora guhindura imiterere mu gihe cyo gusuzuma kugira ngo ubone ibice bitandukanye

Urukinge rumeze nk'urundi rwo mu buryo busanzwe, kandi gusuzuma ubwabyo ntibibabaza na gato. Uzaba ukeneye kuguma utuje cyane mu gihe cyo gufata amashusho kugira ngo ubone amafoto asobanutse.

Ni gute witegura isuzuma ry'amagufa yawe?

Kwitegura gukorerwa isesengura ry'amagufa biroroshye kandi ntibisaba guhindura cyane ibyo usanzwe ukora. Urashobora kurya uko bisanzwe kandi ugafata imiti yawe isanzwe keretse muganga wawe abikubwiye mu buryo bwihariye.

Icy'ingenzi mu kwitegura ni ukunywa amazi menshi no gukuraho ibintu by'icyuma mbere yo gukorerwa isesengura. Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye ashingiye ku miterere yawe bwite, ariko abantu benshi bashobora gukomeza ibikorwa byabo bisanzwe.

Uko witegura isesengura ry'amagufa yawe:

• Komeza kurya no kunywa uko bisanzwe mbere y'ikizamini
• Fata imiti yawe isanzwe keretse ubwiwe ibitandukanye
• Wambare imyenda yoroshye, itagufashe cyane
• Kuraho imitako, amasaha, n'ibintu by'icyuma
• Bwira muganga wawe niba utwite cyangwa wonsa
• Menyesha muganga wawe ibyerekeye inyigo za barium ziheruka cyangwa ibizamini by'imiti ya nikleyeri
• Teganya isaha 3-4 yo gukorerwa isesengura

Niba ufite ubwoba bwo gufungirwa ahantu hato, bimenyeshe muganga wawe mbere y'igihe. Ibikoresho byo gukoresha isesengura bifunguye, bityo abantu benshi bumva bameze neza, ariko ikipe yawe y'abaganga irashobora kugufasha niba ufite impungenge.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe by'isesengura ry'amagufa?

Ibisubizo by'isesengura ry'amagufa yerekana ahantu hagaragara imikorere yiyongereye cyangwa igabanutse, bigaragara nk'“ahantu hashyushye” cyangwa “ahantu hakonje” ku mashusho. Ahantu hashyushye hagaragaza ahantu amagufa yawe akoreramo cyane, naho ahantu hakonje hagaragaza igabanuka ry'imikorere y'amagufa.

Umu radiologiste azasobanura isesengura ryawe hanyuma yohereze raporo irambuye kwa muganga wawe. Ibisubizo bisanzwe byerekana ikwirakwizwa ryingana ry'umuti mu gihanga cyawe cyose, naho ibisubizo bidasanzwe byerekana ahantu hakeneye gukorwaho iperereza ryimbitse.

Uko usobanukirwa ibisubizo byawe by'isesengura ry'amagufa:

• Ibisubizo bisanzwe: Ikwirakwizwa ry'umuti mu magufa yawe yose
• Ahantu hashyushye: Ahantu hari ibikorwa by'amagufa byiyongereye (bishobora kwerekana gukira, indwara, cyangwa kanseri)
• Ahantu hakonje: Ahantu hari ibikorwa by'amagufa byagabanutse (bishobora kwerekana imitsi idahagije)
• Gufata ahantu hagaragara: Umuti wibanda ahantu runaka
• Gufata byagutse: Ibikorwa byiyongereye byagutse

Muganga wawe azasobanura icyo ibisubizo byawe byihariye bisobanuye niba ukeneye ibindi bizami. Wibuke ko ibisubizo bidasanzwe bitavuga mu buryo bwikora ko hari ikintu gikomeye - birerekana gusa ahantu hakeneye gusuzumwa neza.

Ni ikihe gisubizo cyiza cyane cyo gusuzuma amagufa?

Igisubizo cyiza cyane cyo gusuzuma amagufa cyerekana ikwirakwizwa risanzwe, riringaniye ry'umuti wa radiyo mu magufa yawe yose. Ibi birerekana ko amagufa yawe afite ubuzima bwiza kandi akora neza nta hantu hari ibikorwa byinshi cyangwa byangiritse.

Gusuzuma bisanzwe bisobanura ko amagufa yawe afata umuti ku rwego ruteze, bigaragaza imikorere myiza y'amagufa n'imitsi. Ntabwo uzabona ahantu hashyushye cyangwa hakonje bishobora kwerekana ibibazo.

Ariko, ni ngombwa kumva ko gusuzuma amagufa ari ibizamini byoroheje cyane. Rimwe na rimwe birashobora kugaragaza inzira zisanzwe nk'imikurire cyangwa impinduka ziterwa n'imyaka zitabangamiye ariko zishobora kugaragara nk'ubusanzwe buke.

Ni izihe mpamvu zongera ibyago byo kugira gusuzuma amagufa bidasanzwe?

Impamvu nyinshi zirashobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kugira gusuzuma amagufa bidasanzwe. Imyaka ni impamvu ikomeye, kuko abantu bakuze bashobora guhinduka amagufa kubera kwambara no gutoboka cyangwa ibibazo byihishe.

Amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi agira uruhare runini mu kumenya ibyago byawe. Abantu bafite kanseri zimwe na zimwe, indwara z'amagufa, cyangwa ibikomere byabanje bafite amahirwe menshi yo kugira ibisubizo bidasanzwe.

Impamvu zisanzwe zongera ibyago byo gusuzuma amagufa bidasanzwe zirimo:

• Amateka y’indwara ya kanseri, cyane cyane kanseri y’ibere, prostate, uruhara, cyangwa kanseri y’impyiko
• Ukoze imvune cyangwa ibikomere byo mu ngingo byabayeho mbere
• Uburibwe buhoraho bw’amagufa cyangwa ingingo
• Imyaka irenga 50
• Amateka y’indwara z’amagufa mu muryango
• Imiti imwe n’imwe igira ingaruka ku buzima bw’amagufa
• Indwara z’amagufa ziterwa n’imikorere y’umubiri
• Kubagwa amagufa cyangwa ibindi bikorwa byabaye vuba aha

Kugira ibyo bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira isesengura ridasanzwe, ariko muganga wawe azabyitaho igihe asobanura ibisubizo byawe.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n’isesengura ry’amagufa?

Isesengura ry’amagufa ni uburyo bwizewe cyane bufite ingaruka nke cyane. Urugero rw’imirasire wakira ni ruto kandi rugereranywa n’ibindi bizami by’ubuvuzi nk’ibizamini bya CT.

Umuti ukoreshwa mu isesengura usohoka mu mubiri wawe mu buryo busanzwe unyuze mu nkari mu minsi mike. Abantu benshi ntibagira ingaruka na mba ziterwa n’icyo gikorwa.

Ingaruka zishobora kubaho ariko zitabaho cyane zirimo:

• Uburwayi bwo kwanga umuti ukoreshwa mu isesengura (ntibibaho cyane)
• Gusa gukomeretsa cyangwa kuribwa ahantu batera urushinge
• Ibigereranyo bito byo kwangirika biturutse ku mirasire
• Kutoroherwa no kuryama utihagaze igihe isesengura rikorerwa

Imirasire iva mu isesengura ry’amagufa ni nto kandi ifatwa nk’izewe ku bantu benshi. Umubiri wawe ukuraho umuti vuba, kandi ntuzaba ufite imirasire ihagije yo kugiraho ingaruka ku bandi bakuzengurutse.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga ku bijyanye n’ibisubizo by’isesengura ry’amagufa?

Ukwiye gukurikiranwa na muganga wawe nk’uko byateganyijwe kugira ngo muganire ku bisubizo by’isesengura ry’amagufa yawe, bitewe n’uko bimeze neza cyangwa nabi. Muganga wawe azasobanura icyo ibyavuye mu isesengura bisobanuye ku miterere yawe yihariye.

Niba ibisubizo byawe bigaragaza ibitagenda neza, ntugahagarike umutima. Ibintu byinshi bitagenda neza bisaba ibindi bizami kugira ngo hamenyekane icyo bisobanuye. Muganga wawe azakuyobora mu ntambwe zikurikira, zishobora kuba zirimo isesengura rirambuye cyangwa ibizamini by’amaraso.

Vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye:

• Urubabare rukabije cyangwa rurushaho mu magufa nyuma yo gupimwa
• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura ahantu batera urushinge
• Ibimenyetso bidasanzwe bikubangamiye
• Ibibazo ku byavuye mu bipimo byawe cyangwa uburyo bwo gukurikiranwa

Wibuke ko gupima amagufa ari uburyo bwo kumenya indwara bufasha abaganga gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro abarwayi. Gukora iri pima ni intambwe nziza yo gusobanukirwa no kubungabunga ubuzima bw'amagufa yawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku gupima amagufa

Q1: Ese gupima amagufa bifasha kumenya indwara ya osteoporose?

Gupima amagufa si uburyo bwiza bwo kumenya indwara ya osteoporose. Nubwo bishobora kugaragaza impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu magufa, gupimwa na DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) ni uburyo bwiza bwo gupima ubucucike bw'amagufa no kumenya indwara ya osteoporose.

Gupima amagufa bifasha cyane kumenya ibibazo by'amagufa bikomeye nk'imvune, kwandura, cyangwa ikwirakwizwa rya kanseri. Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko ufite osteoporose, ashobora kugusaba gupimwa na DEXA, ipima by'umwihariko ubucucike bw'imyunyu ngugu mu magufa.

Q2: Ese gupimwa kw'amagufa kudahwitse buri gihe bisobanura kanseri?

Oya, gupimwa kw'amagufa kudahwitse ntibisobanura buri gihe kanseri. Ibibazo byinshi bitari bibi bishobora gutera ibisubizo bitari byiza, harimo kubabara mu ngingo, imvune, kwandura, cyangwa uburyo busanzwe bwo gukira.

Ahantu hashyushye ku gupimwa kw'amagufa bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bitandukanye nk'imvune ziterwa n'umunaniro, kwandura mu magufa, cyangwa ahantu hariho imikorere y'amagufa yiyongereye. Umuganga wawe azatekereza ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi bisubizo by'ibizamini kugira ngo amenye icyateye ikibazo.

Q3: Ese umuti ukoreshwa mu gupima amagufa umara igihe kingana gute mu mubiri wanjye?

Umuti ukoreshwa mu gupima amagufa ufite igihe gito cyo gukora kandi usohoka mu mubiri wawe mu buryo busanzwe mu minsi 2-3. Byinshi muri byo bisohoka binyuze mu nkari zawe mu masaha 24 ya mbere.

Ushobora gufasha kwihutisha uburyo bwo gusohoka unywa amazi menshi kandi unyara kenshi nyuma yo gupimwa. Imirasire ihari ni mike kandi ifatwa nk'iteguye gukoreshwa mu gupima indwara.

Q4: Nshobora gukorerwa isesengura ry'amagufa niba ntwite?

Isesengura ry'amagufa muri rusange ntirigirwa inama igihe utwite kubera ko byashyira umwana mu nda mu ngaruka z'imirasire. Niba utwite cyangwa utekereza ko ushobora kuba utwite, bwire muganga wawe mbere y'uko iki gikorwa gitangira.

Mu bihe by'ubutabazi aho isesengura ry'amagufa ari ngombwa rwose, muganga wawe azagereranya inyungu n'ibibazo. Ariko, uburyo bwo gukoresha amashusho butandukanye burakunzwe cyane igihe utwite.

Q5: Nzaba mfite imirasire nyuma yo gukorerwa isesengura ry'amagufa?

Uzaba ufite umubare muto w'ibikoresho bifite imirasire mu mubiri wawe nyuma yo gukorerwa isesengura, ariko urwego ruri hasi cyane kandi ntirushobora guteza akaga abandi. Imirasire igabanuka vuba kandi irashira mu masaha 24-48.

Ntabwo bisaba kwirinda guhura n'abagize umuryango cyangwa amatungo nyuma y'ikizamini. Ariko, ibigo bimwe na bimwe by'ubuvuzi byemeza ko byagabanya guhura cyane n'abagore batwite n'abana bato mu masaha make ya mbere nk'ingamba yo kwirinda.