Ni iki cyitwa kubaga ibere? Intego, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Kubaga ibere ni uburyo bwa muganga aho abaganga bakuramo agace gato k'umubiri w'ibere kugira ngo babigenzure bakoresheje mikorosikopi. Iki kizamini gifasha kumenya niba ahantu hagaragaye ikibazo mu ibere ryawe harimo selile za kanseri cyangwa ari nziza (ntikiri kanseri). Bitekereze nk'uko uha ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi ishusho isobanutse neza y'ibiri kuba mu gice cy'ibere ryawe kugira ngo baguhe ubuvuzi bwiza.

Ni iki kubaga ibere aricyo?

Kubaga ibere bikubiyemo gufata agace gato k'umubiri w'ibere kuva ahantu hasa nkaho bidasanzwe ku bizami byerekana ishusho cyangwa kumva bitandukanye mugihe cyo gukorerwa ibizamini. Icyitegererezo cy'umubiri noneho cyoherezwa muri laboratori aho inzobere zitwa abahanga mu by'indwara zigenzura neza bakoresheje mikorosikopi zikomeye. Iki kizamini gishobora kuvuga neza niba selile zisanzwe, ari nziza, cyangwa zifite kanseri.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kubaga nyuma yo kubona ikintu mugihe cyo gukora mammogram, ultrasound, MRI, cyangwa ibizamini by'umubiri. Intego ni ukubona ibisubizo aho gutekereza icyaba gihari. Kubaga amabere menshi bigaragaza ibisubizo byiza, bivuze ko nta kanseri ihari.

Kuki kubaga ibere bikorwa?

Abaganga basaba kubaga amabere iyo babonye ikintu gikeneye kugenzurwa neza. Ibi bishobora kuba akabyimba wowe cyangwa muganga wawe mwumvise, ahantu hadasanzwe ku ishusho, cyangwa impinduka mu gice cy'ibere ryawe. Kubaga bifasha gutandukanya impinduka zitagira ingaruka n'izo zishobora gukenera kuvurwa.

Dore impamvu nyamukuru muganga wawe ashobora gutanga igitekerezo cyo kubaga ibere:

• Akabyimba cyangwa gukomera mu ibere ryawe bitandukanye n'igice gikikije
• Impinduka mu ruhu rw'ibere, nk'uko bigaragara, gukorana, cyangwa gutukura
• Umwuka uva mu konje ufite amaraso cyangwa udasanzwe kuri wewe
• Ahantu hagaragaye gushidikanya kuri mammogram, ultrasound, cyangwa MRI
• Urubavu rw'ibere rurimo ububabare bwihariye ahantu hamwe
• Impinduka mu ishusho y'ibere cyangwa ingano bigutera impungenge cyangwa muganga wawe

Wibuke, gukenera biopsy ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri. Biopsy nyinshi zigaragaza indwara zitari kanseri nk'utubyimba, fibroadenomas, cyangwa impinduka zisanzwe mu gice cy'umubiri. Icyo igeragezwa rikora ni ukugenera ikipe yawe y'abaganga amakuru bakeneye kugira ngo bagufashe.

Ni iki gikorwa cyo gukora biopsy y'ibere?

Uburyo bwo gukora biopsy y'ibere buterwa n'ubwoko bw'iyo muganga wawe agushyiriraho, ariko nyinshi zikorwa nk'ibikorwa byo kwa muganga. Ubusanzwe uzashobora gutaha uwo munsi. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo biopsy ikoresha inshinge, zikoresha inshinge ntoya kugira ngo zikore ibizamini by'imitsi, na biopsy yo kubaga, ikubiyemo gukora agace gato.

Ibi nibyo bikunda kuba mugihe cyo gukora ubwoko busanzwe, biopsy ikoresha urushinge:

1. Uzaryama ku ruhande rwawe cyangwa wicare, bitewe n'aho agace kari gukorerwa biopsy
2. Muganga azahanagura agace kandi ashyireho umuti wo mu gace kugira ngo utume ibere ryawe ritagira ububabare
3. Akoresheje ultrasound cyangwa mammography, bazashyira urushinge ruzengurutse mu gace gakekwa
4. Urushinge ruzakora ibizamini bito by'imitsi, ushobora kumva nk'amajwi yo gukanda
5. Agace gato kerekana ahantu hashobora gushyirwa ahantu hakorerwa biopsy kugira ngo hazakoreshwe mu gihe kizaza
6. Agace karahanagurwa kandi kagapfukwa, kandi uzahabwa amabwiriza yo kwitabwaho nyuma

Iki gikorwa cyose gikunda gufata iminota 30 kugeza kuri 60, nubwo gukora ibizamini by'imitsi bifata iminota mike gusa. Abagore benshi basobanura ko kutagira umunezero bisa no gukurwaho amaraso cyangwa guhabwa urukingo.

Ni gute wakwitegura biopsy y'ibere ryawe?

Kwitegura biopsy y'ibere ryawe bifasha kumenya ko iki gikorwa kigenda neza kandi ukumva umeze neza uko bishoboka. Ibiro bya muganga wawe bizaguha amabwiriza yihariye, ariko imyiteguro rusange irashobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere cyinshi mugihe ugiye gukora iki gikorwa.

Aha hari intambwe zingenzi zo kwitegura ugomba kuzirikana:

• Bwira muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata, cyane cyane imiti igabanya amaraso nka aspirine cyangwa warfarin
• Irinde kwisiga deodorant, ipowder, cyangwa lotion ku gituza cyawe no mu kwaha ku munsi wo gukorerwa icyo gikorwa
• Jya wambara isutiya yoroshye, ikwepfu kandi ishyigikiye ifungurira imbere
• Teganya umuntu uzagutwara akagusubiza mu rugo, cyane cyane niba uzahabwa imiti igabanya ubwenge
• Teganya gufata ikiruhuko ku kazi umunsi wose kugira ngo uruhuke kandi wongere imbaraga
• Fata ifunguro ryoroshye mbere y'igikorwa keretse niba ubitegetswe gutyo

Bisanzwe rwose kumva ufite impungenge mbere yo gukorerwa biopsy. Tekereza kuzana inshuti wizewe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango kugira ngo aguhe inkunga, kandi ntugatinye kubaza ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi ibibazo byose ufite ku bijyanye n'igikorwa.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe bya biopsy y'ibere?

Ibisubizo byawe bya biopsy y'ibere mubisanzwe bizaba byiteguye mu minsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru nyuma y'igikorwa. Umuganga w'indwara z'umubiri asuzuma icyitegererezo cyawe cy'uruhu akora raporo irambuye muganga wawe azasuzuma hamwe nawe. Kumva icyo ibi bisubizo bisobanuye birashobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kurushaho kubisuzumwa bikurikira.

Ibisubizo bya biopsy muri rusange bigabanijwe mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi. Ibisubizo byiza bisobanura ko nta selile za kanseri zabonetse, kandi uruhu rugaragaza impinduka zisanzwe cyangwa zitari iza kanseri nk'utwenge cyangwa fibroadenomas. Ibisubizo bifite ibyago byinshi bigaragaza selile zitari iza kanseri ariko zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere mu gihe kizaza. Ibisubizo byangiza bisobanura ko selile za kanseri zabonetse.

Niba ibisubizo byawe bigaragaza kanseri, raporo izakubiyemo ibisobanuro byinshi ku bwoko bwa kanseri, uburyo igaragara ko ifite ubukana, niba ifite imisemburo. Iyi makuru ifasha ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi gukora gahunda y'imiti ikora neza cyane kubera uko urwaye. Wibuke, n'ubwo kanseri ivumbuwe uyu munsi ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyivura buri gukora neza.

Ni izihe mpamvu zongera ibyago byo gukenera biopsy y'ibere?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo gukenera kubagwa amabere mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwawe. Kumva ibyo bintu byongera ibyago birashobora kugufasha kumenya neza ubuzima bw'amabere yawe kandi ugakurikiza gahunda yo kwisuzumisha buri gihe n'umuganga wawe.

Ibintu byongera ibyago cyane birimo:

• Imyaka irenze 40, igihe imiterere y'amabere ihinduka kandi ibyago bya kanseri byiyongera mu buryo busanzwe
• Amateka y'umuryango ya kanseri y'amabere cyangwa ya ovari, cyane cyane mu bafitanye isano rya hafi
• Amateka yawe bwite y'ibibazo by'amabere, harimo kubagwa mbere cyangwa kanseri y'amabere
• Imiterere y'amabere yuzuye, ishobora gutuma mammogram zitoroha gusoma
• Guhererekanya imiterere ya jeni nka BRCA1 cyangwa BRCA2
• Ubuvuzi bwa radiyo mbere mu gatuza
• Ubuvuzi bwo gusimbuza imisemburo cyangwa ubuvuzi bumwe bwo kubyara
• Kutagira abana cyangwa kubyara umwana wawe wa mbere nyuma y'imyaka 30

Kugira ibyo bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzakenera kubagwa, ariko bigaragaza akamaro ko kwisuzumisha amabere buri gihe no gukurikiza inama z'umuganga wawe zo kwisuzumisha. Abagore benshi bafite ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago ntibigeze bakeneye kubagwa, naho abandi badafite ibintu byongera ibyago bishobora kubikenera.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no kubagwa amabere?

Kubagwa amabere muri rusange ni uburyo bwizewe cyane bufite ibyago bike. Abagore benshi bahura n'ububabare buke gusa kandi bagasubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe mu minsi mike. Ariko, nk'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, hariho ingaruka zimwe zishobora kubaho zikwiye kwitonderwa.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo zirimo:

• Gukomerera no kubyimba ahantu habagiwe, bikunda gukira mu cyumweru
• Urubabare ruto cyangwa ruringaniye rukira neza ku miti igurishwa idakeneye uruhushya rw'umuganga
• Amaraso make cyangwa amazi asohoka ahantu habagiwe
• Guhinduka by'agateganyo imiterere y'amabere niba imiterere y'amabere ihagije yakuweho

Ibyago bikomeye biraboneka gake ariko bishobora kwibandaho kwandura ahakorewe biopsy, kuva amaraso menshi, cyangwa allergie ku miti ituma umuntu atagira ubwoba. Ibyo bibazo bibaho ku bantu batarenze 1% bakorewe biopsy y'ibere. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagukurikiranira hafi kandi rikwerekeza neza igihe ugomba kubahamagara niba ufite impungenge.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubonana na muganga nyuma yo gukorerwa biopsy y'ibere?

Inama nyinshi zo gukurikirana biopsy y'ibere ziteganijwe mu cyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gukorerwa icyo gikorwa, ariko ugomba guhamagara muganga wawe mbere niba ubonye ibimenyetso biteye impungenge. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rishaka kumenya niba urimo gukira neza kandi bakaganira ku byavuye muri biopsy yawe igihe bibonetse.

Ugomba guhamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye:

• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura nk'uburibwe burushaho kwiyongera, ubushyuhe, cyangwa ibishishwa ahakorewe biopsy
• Urubura rurenze 101°F (38.3°C) mu minsi mike ya mbere nyuma yo gukorerwa icyo gikorwa
• Kuva amaraso atahagarara n'igitutu gito
• Uburibwe bukomeye butagabanuka n'imiti yandikiwe
• Ukubura bidasanzwe kugaragara ko kurushaho kuba bibi aho kuba byiza

Inama yawe yateganyijwe yo gukurikirana ni ingenzi mu gusuzuma ibyavuye muri biopsy yawe no kuganira ku zindi ntambwe zikurikira. Niba ibyavuye muri biopsy yawe bigaragaza ibintu byiza, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gusubira mu gahunda yawe isanzwe yo gupima. Niba hari isuzuma ryisumbuyeho cyangwa ubuvuzi bukenewe, bazagufasha gusobanukirwa amahitamo yawe kandi bakuhuze n'inzobere zibishinzwe.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye na biopsy y'ibere

Q.1 Ese biopsy y'ibere ni nziza mu kumenya kanseri y'ibere?

Yego, biopsy y'ibere ifatwa nk'urugero rwiza rwo kumenya kanseri y'ibere. Ni uburyo bwizewe cyane bwo kumenya niba igice cy'ibere gikekwa kirimo uturemangingo twa kanseri. Bitandukanye n'ibizamini by'amashusho bishobora kwerekana gusa ahantu hateye impungenge, biopsy itanga ibisubizo bifatika bituma abahanga mu by'ubuzima bashobora gusuzuma uturemangingo nyakuri bakoresheje mikorosikopi.

Ubugororangingo bwo mu ibere bufite ubushobozi bwo kumenya neza, ku kigero cya 95%, itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibice by’umubiri birwaye kanseri n’ibitayirwaye. Uku kuri ku rwego rwo hejuru bisobanura ko ushobora kwizera ibisubizo kugira ngo bigufashe gufata ibyemezo byerekeye uburyo bwo kuvurwa. Niba kanseri yabonetse, ubugororangingo butanga kandi amakuru y’ingenzi yerekeye ubwoko bwa kanseri n’imiterere yayo bifasha abaganga gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura buri gihangange.

Ibibazo 2. Ese gukorerwa ubugororangingo bwo mu ibere byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri?

Oya, gukorerwa ubugororangingo bwo mu ibere ntibyongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’ibere. Iki ni ikibazo gikunze kubazwa, ariko ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwakomeje kugaragaza ko uburyo bwo gukora ubugororangingo ubwabyo butatera kanseri cyangwa ngo butume kanseri yari isanzweho ikwirakwira. Agace gato k’umubiri kavanyweho mu gihe cy’ubugororangingo ntikagira ingaruka ku buzima bw’ibere muri rusange cyangwa ku byago bya kanseri.

Abantu bamwe bahangayika ko guhungabanya urugingo rushobora gutuma uturemangingo twa kanseri twiyongera, ariko ibi si ko kanseri yitwara. Niba kanseri ihari, iba ihari ititaye ku bugororangingo. Ubu buryo bufasha abaganga kuyimenya kugira ngo bashobore gutanga ubuvuzi bukwiye mu buryo bwihuse bushoboka.

Ibibazo 3. Ubugororangingo bwo mu ibere bubabaza ku rugero rungana gute?

Abagore benshi basanga ubugororangingo bwo mu ibere bubabaza cyane kurusha uko babyiteze. Ubu buryo busanzwe bumera nk’uko bimeze iyo umuntu avuye amaraso cyangwa ahabwa urukingo. Uhabwa imiti y’agace kugira ngo igice cy’umubiri gihumure, bityo ntugomba kumva ububabare bukaze mu gihe cyo gukusanya urugingo ubwaryo.

Ushobora kumva umuvundo cyangwa kutamererwa neza gake mu gihe cy’uburyo, kandi nyuma yo gukorerwa ubugororangingo ushobora kumva ububabare bumeze nk’igikomere. Abagore benshi bashobora guhangana n’ububabare nyuma yo gukorerwa ubugororangingo bakoresheje imiti igurishwa itagomba kwandikwa na muganga nka ibuprofen cyangwa acetaminophen. Ubusanzwe kutamererwa neza bigabanuka mu minsi mike.

Ibibazo 4. Nshobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nyuma yo gukorerwa ubugororangingo bwo mu ibere?

Wagomba kwirinda imyitozo ikomeye no gukora ibintu biremereye mu gihe cy'icyumweru nyuma yo gukorerwa isuzuma ry'ibere kugira ngo bikore neza. Ibikorwa byoroheje nk'ukugenda mubisanzwe biragenda neza kandi bishobora no gufasha amaraso gutembera neza no gukira. Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye ibikorwa bitewe n'ubwoko bw'isuzuma ry'ibere wakorewe.

Muri rusange, ushobora gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe birimo imyitozo igihe cyose ibimenyetso byo gukomereka no kumva ububabare byavuyeho, mubisanzwe mu minsi 7-10. Niba warakorewe isuzuma ry'ibere rikomeye, ushobora gukenera gutegereza igihe gito mbere yo gusubukura ibikorwa byose. Buri gihe ukurikize amabwiriza yihariye ya muganga wawe yerekeye uko urugero rwawe rumeze.

Q.5 Biza bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'isuzuma ry'ibere?

Ibisubizo by'isuzuma ry'ibere mubisanzwe bifata iminsi 2-5 y'akazi, nubwo ibibazo bimwe bigoye bishobora gufata icyumweru. Igihe biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ibizamini umuganga w'indwara z'uruhu akeneye gukora ku gice cy'umubiri wawe. Isuzuma risanzwe mubisanzwe ritanga ibisubizo vuba, mugihe ibizamini byongereweho nk'ibizamini by'imisemburo bishobora gutwara igihe kirekire.

Ibiro bya muganga wawe mubisanzwe bizaguhamagara igihe ibisubizo bibonetse, cyangwa ushobora kubibona unyuze kuri portal y'umurwayi kuri interineti. Ntukagire impungenge niba bifashe iminsi mike – iki gihe cyo gutegereza ni ibisanzwe kandi ntacyo kigaragaza ku bisubizo byawe. Umuganga w'indwara z'uruhu ari gufata igihe gikenewe kugirango aguhe amakuru yizewe ashoboka.