Ni iki cyitwa Bronchoscopy? Impamvu, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Bronchoscopy ni uburyo bwa muganga butuma abaganga bareba imbere mu nzira z'umwuka wawe n'ibihaha bakoresheje urushinge ruto, rworoshye rufite kamera. Tekereza nk'inzira umuganga wawe ashobora kugendera mu nzira zo guhumeka kwawe kugira ngo arebe ibiri kubera imbere.

Ubu buryo bufasha abaganga kumenya indwara z'ibihaha, gufata ibizamini by'imitsi, cyangwa no kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe. Nubwo igitekerezo cyo gushyiramo urushinge mu bihaha byawe gishobora kumera nk'ikibabaje, bronchoscopy ni uburyo busanzwe bukorerwa neza ibihumbi n'ibihumbi by'inshuro buri munsi mu bitaro ku isi hose.

Ni iki cyitwa bronchoscopy?

Bronchoscopy ikoresha igikoresho cyihariye cyitwa bronchoscope kugira ngo kigenzure inzira zawe z'umwuka. Bronchoscope ni urushinge ruto, rworoshye rungana n'ubugari bwa pencil rufite kamera ntoya n'urumuri ku mpande.

Umuvuzi wawe ayobora buhoro uru rushinge mu mazuru yawe cyangwa mu kanwa, rugenda mu muhogo wawe, rukinjira mu nzira nyamukuru zo guhumeka z'ibihaha byawe zizwi nka bronchi. Kamera yohereza amashusho y'igihe nyacyo kuri moniteri, ikemerera umuganga wawe kubona imbere mu nzira zawe z'umwuka neza.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy yoroshye ikoresha urushinge rworoshye kandi ni ubwoko busanzwe, mugihe bronchoscopy ikomeye ikoresha urushinge rukomeye, rw'icyuma kandi akenshi rubikirwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura.

Kuki bronchoscopy ikorwa?

Abaganga basaba bronchoscopy iyo bakeneye gukora iperereza ku bibazo byo guhumeka cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ibihaha ibizamini byindi bitarasobanura neza. Bifasha cyane mugusuzuma indwara zifata inzira z'umwuka n'imitsi y'ibihaha.

Umuvuzi wawe ashobora gutanga igitekerezo cy'ubu buryo niba ufite inkorora ihoraho itajya, cyane cyane niba uruka amaraso cyangwa umubare udasanzwe wa mucus. Ikoreshwa kandi iyo X-ray y'igituza cyangwa CT scan yerekana ahantu hakekwaho hakenera isuzuma rirambuye.

Bronkosikopi ishobora gufasha kumenya indwara nyinshi, kandi gusobanukirwa n'ibi bishobora kugufasha kumva witeguye neza kubagwa kwawe:

• Udukoko tw'ibihaha, harimo umusonga cyangwa igituntu
• Kanseri y'ibihaha cyangwa izindi nkorora mu nzira z'umwuka
• Indwara zifata umubiri nk'umubiri wa sarukoyide
• Kugabanuka kw'inzira z'umwuka (stenosis)
• Ibintu by'amahanga byashyizwe mu bihaha
• Uruhu rutagaragara rw'ibihaha cyangwa fibrose

Usibye kumenya indwara, bronkosikopi irashobora kandi kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe. Muganga wawe ashobora kuyikoresha akuraho imizigo y'imirire, ahagarika kuva amaraso mu nzira z'umwuka, cyangwa ashyireho ibikoresho byo gufungura inzira z'umwuka.

Ni iki gikorerwa bronkosikopi?

Uburyo bwa bronkosikopi busanzwe bufata iminota 30 kugeza kuri 60 kandi busanzwe bukorwa nk'uburyo bwo hanze. Birashoboka ko uzahabwa imiti igabanya ubwenge, bivuze ko uzaba uruhutse kandi usinzira ariko ukaba ugishobora guhumeka wenyine.

Mbere yo gutangira uburyo, ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi izakoresha umuti w'agace kugirango utume umuhogo wawe n'inzira z'amazuru zihuma. Ibi bifasha kugabanya kutumva neza uko bronkosikopi ishyirwamo kandi bigabanya imbaraga zawe zisanzwe zo kuruka.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo gukora, intambwe ku yindi:

1. Uzaryama ku mugongo wawe cyangwa kuruhande ku meza yo gupimisha
2. Muganga wawe azashyira mu buryo bworoshye bronkosikopi mu mazuru yawe cyangwa mu kanwa kawe
3. Icyuma kigenda gahoro mu muhogo wawe no mu nzira zawe z'umwuka
4. Muganga wawe asuzuma inzira z'umwuka kandi ashobora gufata ibyemezo by'imyenda niba bibaye ngombwa
5. Bronkosikopi ikurwa witonze

Mugihe cyo gupimisha, urashobora kumva umuvuduko cyangwa kutumva neza, ariko abantu benshi babisanga byihanganirwa cyane kuruta uko babyiteze. Imiti igabanya ubwenge ifasha kugufasha kumva neza mugihe cyose cyo gukora.

Niba muganga wawe akeneye gufata ibyemezo by'imyenda (byitwa biopsy), bazakoresha ibikoresho bito binyuzwa muri bronkosikopi. Muri rusange ntuzumva iki gice cyo gukora kubera umuti w'agace.

Uko witegura kubagwa mu muhogo?

Kwitegura neza bifasha kugira ngo kubagwa mu muhogo bigende neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe. Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye, ariko hariho amabwiriza rusange akoreshwa ku barwayi benshi.

Uzaba ukeneye guhagarika kurya no kunywa byibuze amasaha 8 mbere yo kubagwa. Iki gihe cyo kwiyiriza ni ngombwa kuko kigabanya ibyago byo kugira ibibazo uramutse urutse mu gihe cyo kubagwa.

Menyesha muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata, cyane cyane imiti igabanya amaraso nk'umuti wa warfarin cyangwa aspirine. Ushobora gukenera guhagarika imiti imwe n'imwe iminsi mike mbere yo kubagwa kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kuva amaraso.

Hariho izindi ntambwe nyinshi z'ingenzi zo kwitegura ugomba kuzirikana:

• Tegura umuntu uzagutwara mu rugo nyuma yo kubagwa
• Wambare imyenda yoroshye kandi itagufashe cyane
• Kura imyenda y'agaciro, amenyo yawe y'igihimbano, na contact lenses
• Bwira muganga wawe niba ufite allergie ku miti
• Menyesha muganga wawe niba ufite ibibazo by'umutima cyangwa ufata imiti igabanya amaraso

Niba wumva uhangayitse kubera kubagwa, ibi ni ibisanzwe rwose. Ganira na muganga wawe ku byo uhangayikishijwe, kandi ashobora kugufasha gukemura impungenge zawe kandi ashobora no kuguhereza imiti igabanya ubwoba niba bibaye ngombwa.

Uko usoma ibisubizo byawe byo kubagwa mu muhogo?

Ibisubizo byawe byo kubagwa mu muhogo mubisanzwe bizaboneka mu minsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru nyuma yo kubagwa. Igihe biterwa niba ibizamini byafashwe kandi n'ubwoko bw'ibizamini bikenewe.

Niba muganga wawe yakoze isuzuma ryo kureba gusa, ushobora kubona ibisubizo by'ibanze ako kanya nyuma yo kubagwa. Ariko, niba biopsies zafashwe, izi samples zigomba gusesengurwa muri laboratori, ibyo bifata igihe.

Ibisubizo bisanzwe byo kubagwa mu muhogo bisobanura ko inzira z'umwuka zisa neza kandi zifunguye. Ibyo mu muhogo bigomba kuba byijimye, byoroshye, kandi bidafite ibikura, kubyimba, cyangwa inzitizi.

Ibisubizo bidasanzwe bishobora kugaragaza ibintu bitandukanye, kandi muganga wawe azasobanura icyo ibi bisobanura kubibazo byawe byihariye:

• Uburwayi cyangwa kubyimba mu nzira z'umwuka
• Ubukure butamenyerewe cyangwa ibibyimba
• Uruhererekane cyangwa kugabanuka kw'inzira z'umwuka
• Ibimenyetso by'ubwandu
• Gusohoka amaraso cyangwa ibice byangiritse
• Ibintu by'amahanga cyangwa ibiziba bya mukusi

Wibuke ko kubona ikintu kidahwitse bitavuga ko ufite uburwayi bukomeye. Ibintu byinshi byabonetse muri bronchoscopy biravurwa, kandi muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugirango ateze imbere gahunda nziza yo kuvura ishingiye ku bisubizo byawe byihariye.

Ni iki gitera ibyago byo gukenera bronchoscopy?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera amahirwe yawe yo gukenera inzira ya bronchoscopy. Kumva ibi byago bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe iyi nzira ishobora kugusabwa.

Umunyonga ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane cyo guteza imbere ibibazo by'umutima bikeneye bronchoscopy. Abanywi b'itabi bariho n'abahozeho bafite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere ibibazo by'umutima bikeneye isuzuma ry'amaso ry'inzira z'umwuka.

Amateka yawe y'akazi agira uruhare runini mu buzima bwawe bw'umutima. Abantu bakora cyangwa bakoreye mu nganda zimwe na zimwe bahura n'ibibazo byinshi bitewe no guhura n'ibintu byangiza.

Ibintu byinshi byo ku kazi n'ibidukikije bishobora kongera ibyago byawe:

• Kugirira ingaruka za asibesitosi kuva mu mirimo yo kubaka cyangwa gukora ubwato
• Kugirira ingaruka za umukungugu wa charbon mu bikorwa by'ubucukuzi
• Imyuka ya chimique iva mu gukora cyangwa gushushanya
• Kugirira ingaruka zirambye ku kwanduza umwuka
• Gukorana n'umukungugu wa silika cyangwa ibindi bice by'inganda

Imyaka nayo iragira uruhare, kuko ibibazo by'umutima birushaho kuba rusange uko dusaza. Bronchoscopies nyinshi zikorwa ku bantu barengeje imyaka 50, nubwo iyi nzira ishobora kuba ngombwa mu gihe icyo aricyo cyose.

Kugira amateka y'umuryango arwaye indwara z'ibihaha, cyane cyane kanseri y'ibihaha, bishobora kongera ibyago byo gukenera gukoresha bronchoscopy. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupimwa kare cyangwa kenshi niba ufite amateka akomeye y'umuryango.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa na bronchoscopy?

Bronchoscopy muri rusange ni uburyo bwizewe, ariko nk'uko bigenda ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, bufite ibyago bimwe na bimwe. Abantu benshi cyane ntibagira ingaruka, kandi ibibazo bikomeye ni gake.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ni nto kandi z'igihe gito. Ushobora kugira umuhogo ubabara, inkorora, cyangwa ijwi rirangurura mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma y'uburyo. Ibi bimenyetso mubisanzwe bikira byonyine nta kuvurwa.

Abantu bamwe bumva baruka cyangwa bagira isereri nyuma y'uburyo, ahanini bitewe n'imiti yo gutuza. Ibi mubisanzwe birushaho mu masaha make igihe imiti igenda ishira.

Ingaruka zikomeye ntizisanzwe ariko zishobora kubaho, kandi itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga ryiteguye guhangana n'ibi bihe nibiramuka bibayeho:

• Kuva amaraso ku byavuyeho biopsy (mubisanzwe bito kandi bihagarara byonyine)
• Udukoko ahantu hakorewe biopsy
• Pneumothorax (igihaha cyaguye) mu gihe gake
• Kwitwara nabi ku miti yo gutuza
• Umutima utagenda neza mu gihe cy'uburyo

Ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye ni munsi ya 1% kubarwayi benshi. Muganga wawe azasuzuma ibyago byawe byihariye mbere y'uburyo kandi afate ingamba zikwiye zo kugabanya ibibazo byose bishoboka.

Niba ufite indwara ikomeye y'umutima cyangwa ibihaha, ibyago byawe bishobora kuba byiyongera gato, ariko muganga wawe azagereranya neza inyungu n'ibyago mbere yo gusaba uburyo.

Nkwiriye kubona muganga ryari ku bijyanye n'ibisubizo bya bronchoscopy?

Ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ubonye ibimenyetso bibangamiye nyuma y'uburyo bwawe bwa bronchoscopy. Mugihe abantu benshi bakira nta bibazo, ni ngombwa kumenya igihe cyo gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga.

Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye ububabare bukomeye mu gituza, ugahura n'ingorane zo guhumeka, cyangwa niba uruka amaraso menshi. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kwerekana ikibazo gikeneye kuvurwa vuba.

Ugomba kandi kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ubonye ibimenyetso byo kwandura, nk'umuriro, imbeho, cyangwa ururenda rwinshi rufite ibara. Nubwo kwandura nyuma ya bronchoscopy bidakunze kubaho, birashobora kubaho kandi bigakeneye kuvurwa n'imiti yica mikorobe.

Hariho n'ibindi bimenyetso byinshi bikwiriye kwitabwaho na muganga nyuma ya bronchoscopy:

• Inkorora idahagarara cyangwa ikomeza kwiyongera itagira icyo ihindura nyuma y'iminsi 2-3
• Ububabare bwo mu gituza bukomeza kwiyongera aho kugabanuka
• Kugufiwa umwuka bikomeye kurusha mbere y'igikorwa
• Ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri, nk'uruhu ruruka cyangwa kubyimba
• Isesemi idahagarara cyangwa kuruka

Mugukurikirana bisanzwe, muganga wawe azategura gahunda yo kuganira ku byavuye mu bizamini byawe n'intambwe zikurikira. Ibi bikunze kuba mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri nyuma y'igikorwa cyawe, bitewe niba hari ibizamini byafashwe.

Ntugatinye guhamagara ibiro bya muganga wawe niba ufite ibibazo ku byavuye mu bizamini byawe cyangwa niba urimo guhura n'ibimenyetso byose bikugora. Buri gihe ni byiza kubaza aho gutegereza no kwibaza.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kuri bronchoscopy

Q.1 Ese bronchoscopy ni nziza mu kumenya kanseri y'ibihaha?

Yego, bronchoscopy ni igikoresho cyiza cyane mu kumenya kanseri y'ibihaha, cyane cyane iyo ibibyimba biherereye mu nzira z'umwuka zo hagati. Iki gikorwa gituma abaganga babona imikurire idasanzwe mu buryo butaziguye kandi bagafata ibizamini by'imitsi kugira ngo bamenye neza indwara.

Ariko, bronchoscopy ikora neza cyane kuri kanseri zigaragara mu nzira nyamukuru zo guhumeka. Zimwe muri kanseri z'ibihaha ziri ku nkengero z'ibihaha ntizishobora kugerwaho na bronchoscope isanzwe, kandi ibindi bikorwa nk'ibizamini bifashishije CT bishobora gukenerwa aho.

Q.2 Ese bronchoscopy itera kwangirika kw'ibihaha?

Oya, gukoresha bronchoscopy mubisanzwe ntibitera kwangirika kw'ibihaha iyo bikozwe n'abaganga bafite ubunararibonye. Iyi nzira yateguwe kugira ngo itagira ingaruka nyinshi, kandi bronchoscope iroroshye bihagije kugira ngo inyure mu nzira z'umwuka wawe itabangamiye.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane, ibibazo nk'umwuka mubi (ibihaha byaguye) bishobora kubaho, ariko ibi bibaho munsi ya 1% by'inzira. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rigukurikiranira hafi muri iyi nzira kugira ngo wirinde kandi ukemure vuba ibibazo byose bishobora kuvuka.

Q.3 Bronchoscopy irababaza gute?

Abantu benshi basanga bronchoscopy itababaza cyane nk'uko babyiteze. Umuti w'ibanze utuma umuhogo wawe n'inzira z'umwuka bitagira ubwoba, mugihe imiti ituma uruhuka igufasha kuruhuka muri iyi nzira.

Ushobora kumva umuvuduko runaka cyangwa kutumva neza igihe bronchoscope inyura mu nzira z'umwuka wawe, ariko kubabara cyane ntibisanzwe. Nyuma y'iyi nzira, ushobora kugira umuhogo ubabara cyangwa gukorora umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, bisa no kugira ibicurane byoroheje.

Q.4 Nshobora kurya ako kanya nyuma ya bronchoscopy?

Oya, ugomba gutegereza kugeza igihe imiti ituma utagira ubwoba ivuyeho mbere yo kurya cyangwa kunywa. Ibi mubisanzwe bifata isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri nyuma y'iyi nzira, kandi itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizasuzuma uko umira mbere yo kuguha uburenganzira.

Tangira unywa amazi makeya mbere, hanyuma buhoro buhoro usubire ku mirire yawe isanzwe. Iyi ngamba irinda guhagarara cyangwa guhumeka ibiryo cyangwa amazi mu buryo butunguranye mugihe umuhogo wawe utagifite ubwoba.

Q.5 Nzakenera inzira nyinshi za bronchoscopy?

Ibi biterwa n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye n'icyo muganga wawe asanga muri iyi nzira y'ibanze. Abantu benshi bakenera bronchoscopy imwe gusa kugirango bamenye indwara, mugihe abandi bashobora gukenera inzira zo gukurikirana kugirango bagenzure uko imiti ikora.

Niba uvurwa kanseri y'ibihaha cyangwa izindi ndwara zidakira, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukoresha bronchoscopies buri gihe kugirango arebe uko imiti ikora neza. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizaganira nawe gahunda y'igihe kirekire ishingiye ku miterere yawe bwite.