Kubagwa Cataract? Impamvu, Uburyo & Gukira

Kubagwa Cataract ni uburyo busanzwe kandi bwizewe bukuraho uruhu rwijimye mu jisho ryawe hanyuma rukasimburwa n'uruhu rworoshye rw'ubwenge. Ubu bwoko bwo kubagwa butabera mu bitaro bufata iminota 15-30 kandi bushobora kunoza cyane imboni zawe igihe cataract zitangiye kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Niba urimo gutekereza kubagwa cataract cyangwa bakubwiye ko ukeneye kubagwa, birashoboka ko wumva uruvange rw'icyizere no guhagarika umutima. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe rwose. Reka tunyuremo ibyo byose ukeneye kumenya kuri ubu buryo buhindura ubuzima.

Kubagwa cataract ni iki?

Kubagwa cataract gukuraho uruhu rwijimye rusanzwe rw'ijisho ryawe hanyuma rukasimburwa n'uruhu rworoshye rw'ubwenge rwitwa intraocular lens (IOL). Tekereza nk'uko usimbuza idirishya ryijimye irindi ryoroshye.

Kubagwa bikorwa n'umuganga w'amaso akoresheje uburyo bwo gukoresha phacoemulsification. Muri ubu buryo, umuganga wawe akora agace gato mu jisho ryawe akoresheje imirasire ya ultrasound kugirango amenagure uruhu rwijimye rugashiramo ibice bito. Ibi bice noneho bikururwa buhoro, hanyuma uruhu rushya rw'ubwenge rushyirwa mu mwanya warwo.

Abantu benshi batungurwa n'uko ubu buryo bwihuta kandi bworoshye. Uzaba uri maso mugihe cyo kubagwa, ariko ijisho ryawe rizaba ritagira ububabare na buke kubera amavuta yo kubabaza. Abarwayi benshi bavuga ko batagira ububabare na buke mugihe cyo kubagwa.

Kuki kubagwa cataract bikorwa?

Kubagwa cataract bigirwa inama mugihe cataract zivangira ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi n'ubuzima bwawe. Icyemezo ntishingiye ku buryo cataract zawe zisa nabi, ahubwo gishingiye ku buryo zigira ingaruka ku byo ukeneye.

Umuvuzi wawe ashobora gutanga igitekerezo cyo kubagwa niba ufite ibibazo by'imboni bikurikira:

• Kugorana gusoma, nubwo waba wambaye amadarubindi
• Kugorana kubona nijoro cyangwa ahantu hatagaragara neza
• Kugira ubwoba bw'urumuri rwinshi cyangwa urumuri rugaragara
• Amabara agaragara nk'ayashize cyangwa asa n'umuhondo
• Kureba ibintu bibiri mu jisho rimwe
• Guhora uhindura imiti y'amaso

Intego ni ukugufasha kongera kubona neza kugira ngo ukomeze gukora ibyo ukunda. Yaba ari ukusoma, gutwara imodoka, guteka, cyangwa kumara igihe n'umuryango, kubagwa ijisho rirwaye imvune birashobora kuguha ubwigenge n'icyizere.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, kubagwa birashobora gushyirwaho nubwo icyo ubona kitagize ingaruka zikomeye. Ibi bibaho iyo imvune zikomeye cyane ku buryo muganga atabasha kureba inyuma y'ijisho ryawe kugira ngo arebe izindi ndwara nka glaucome cyangwa macular degeneration.

Ni iki gikorerwa kubagwa imvune?

Kubagwa nyako gukurikiza inzira isobanutse neza, ishyirwaho neza, isanzwe ifata iminota 15-30. Uzagera mu kigo cyo kubagiramo isaha imwe mbere yo kubagwa kugira ngo witegurwe.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo kubagwa:

1. Aho ijisho riri harasukurwa kandi rigashyirwaho imiti ituma ritagira ububabare
2. Urugero ruto (nka milimetero 2-3) rukorerwa muri korone
3. Igice cy'imbere cy'urugingo rw'amaso gikurwaho witonze
4. Imbaraga za ultrasound zisenya urugingo rw'amaso ruzuye imvune rugahinduka ibice bito
5. Ibyo bice by'urugingo rw'amaso bikurwamo buhoro
6. Urugingo rushya rw'ubwenge rushyirwamo kandi rugashyirwa ahantu hakwiye
7. Urugero ruzifunga ubwarwo nta ngaruka

Uzagaburirwa umuti woroshya kugira ngo ugufashe kuruhuka, ariko uzaguma uri maso mu gihe cyose cyo kubagwa. Abantu benshi barasanga ibyo bageramo byoroshye cyane kuruta uko babyiteze. Ushobora kubona amatara n'imigendekere, ariko ntuzumva ububabare.

Nyuma yo kubagwa, uzaruhuka iminota nka 30 mbere yo gutaha. Uzakenera umuntu ugutwara, kuko icyo ubona kizaba kidafite isuku mbere na mbere kandi ushobora kumva urushye gato kubera umuti woroshya.

Ni gute witegura kubagwa ijisho ry'ikirahure?

Kwitegura kubagwa ijisho ry'ikirahure bikubiyemo intambwe nke zoroheje zifasha kugira ngo ibisubizo bibe byiza. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazagufasha mu byo ukeneye byose, bityo uzumva ufite icyizere kandi witeguye.

Mu byumweru mbere yo kubagwa, uzakenera:

• Gukora ibipimo mbere yo kubagwa by'ijisho ryawe
• Kuganira n'abaganga ku bijyanye n'ubwoko bw'amaso y'ubwoko butandukanye
• Kureba imiti urimo gufata ubu hamwe n'abaganga bawe
• Gutegura uburyo bwo kugenda no kuva aho bagiye kubagira
• Guteganya gufata iminsi 1-2 yo kuruhuka ku kazi cyangwa mu bindi bikorwa bisanzwe

Muganga wawe azapima ijisho ryawe kugira ngo amenye imbaraga zikwiriye z'ijisho rishya. Iyi ntambwe ni ingenzi kugira ngo ugere ku miyoborere myiza ishoboka nyuma yo kubagwa. Uzaganira kandi ku bwoko butandukanye bw'amaso y'ubwoko butandukanye hanyuma ugahitamo irikwiriye imibereho yawe n'intego z'imiyoborere.

Umurimo wo kubagwa, uzatangira gukoresha amavuta yo mu maso arwanya mikorobe kugira ngo wirinde kwandura. Ku munsi wo kubagwa, ntukarye cyangwa unywe ikintu icyo aricyo cyose nyuma ya saa sita z'ijoro keretse muganga wawe aguhamagaye amabwiriza atandukanye. Wambare imyenda yoroshye kandi wirinde kwisiga, kwambara imitako, cyangwa kwambara amaso y'ubwoko butandukanye.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byo kubagwa ijisho ry'ikirahure?

Imiyoborere yawe irushaho kuba myiza nyuma yo kubagwa ijisho ry'ikirahure bigenda buhoro buhoro, kandi kumva icyo witegura gishobora kugufasha gukurikirana intambwe yawe. Abantu benshi babona imiyoborere isobanutse neza mu minsi mike, hamwe n'imikoreshereze ikomeje mu byumweru byinshi.

Dore uko gahunda yawe yo gukira isanzwe isa:

• Umunsi wa 1: Imiyoborere irahumye ariko urashobora kubona urumuri n'imiterere
• Icyumweru cya 1: Amabara agaragara neza kandi imiyoborere itangira gusobanuka
• Icyumweru cya 2-4: Imiyoborere ikomeza gukora neza kandi igahagarara
• Ukwezi kwa 1-3: Ibisubizo bya nyuma by'imiyoborere bigaragara

Muganga wawe azagenzura uko ubona mu gihe cyo gusubirayo kwawe kugira ngo yemeze ko ukira neza. Abantu benshi bagera ku 20/20 cyangwa 20/25 nyuma yo kubagwa, nubwo uko uzabona biterwa n'ubuzima bw'ijisho ryawe n'ubwoko bwa lensi wahisemo.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ushobora gukenera amadarubindi ku bikorwa bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane gusoma, ndetse na nyuma yo kubagwa neza. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi ntibisobanura ko kubagwa kutagize icyo gukora. Lensi yawe nshya y'ubwenge ishyirwaho cyane cyane kugira ngo urebe kure, bityo amadarubindi yo gusoma ashobora gukenerwa ku mirimo ya hafi.

Ni gute wakwitaho ku jisho ryawe nyuma yo kubagwa impumyi?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwita ku jisho nyuma yo kubagwa butuma ijisho ryawe rikira neza kandi ukabona neza uko bishoboka. Inkuru nziza ni uko kwita ku jisho ryawe nyuma yo kubagwa impumyi byoroshye, kandi abantu benshi babisanga byoroshye kuruta uko babyiteze.

Ubuvuzi bwawe burimo iyi ntambwe z'ingenzi:

• Koresha amavuta yo mu maso yategetswe neza nk'uko byategetswe
• Koresha icyuma kirinda ijisho mu gihe uryamye mu gihe cy'icyumweru
• Irinde gukora ku jisho ryawe cyangwa kurikanda
• Irinda amazi mu jisho ryawe mu gihe cy'icyumweru
• Irinde kuzamura ibintu biremereye cyangwa ibikorwa bikomeye mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri
• Witabe inama zose zo gusubirayo kwa muganga wawe

Uzajya ukoresha amavuta yo mu maso arwanya mikorobe n'amavuta arwanya ibibazo mu gihe cy'ibyumweru byinshi nyuma yo kubagwa. Aya mavuta arinda indwara kandi agabanya ibibazo mu gihe ijisho ryawe rikira. Muganga wawe azaguha gahunda yihariye yo gukurikiza.

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe mu minsi mike, ariko uzakenera kwirinda koga, kwiyuhagira mu mazi ashyushye, no gushyira isabune cyangwa shampoo mu jisho ryawe mu gihe cy'icyumweru. Gusiganwa mu modoka mubisanzwe birashoboka igihe uko ubona kugaragara neza bihagije kugira ngo ubone neza, mubisanzwe mu minsi mike.

Ni iki cyiza cyavamo nyuma yo kubagwa impumyi?

Ibyiza byo kubagwa ijisho rirwaye amarere bivuze kugira icyerekezo cyiza kandi cyoroshye, kikagufasha gukora ibikorwa ukunda. Ku bantu benshi, ibi bivuze kuzamura cyane imibereho yabo n'ubwigenge.

Kubagwa amarere neza bikunze gutanga:

• Kureba neza kandi mu buryo burambuye mu bikorwa byo mu ntera ya kure
• Kuzamura imyumvire y'amabara n'itandukaniro ryayo
• Kugabanya urumuri rwinshi no kwishyira mu kuri kw'urumuri
• Kureba neza nijoro
• Kugira icyizere cyinshi mu bikorwa bya buri munsi

Abantu bagera kuri 95% babagwa amarere barushaho kureba neza. Abenshi bagera ku cyerekezo cya 20/20 kugeza kuri 20/40, bihagije ku bikorwa bya buri munsi harimo no gutwara imodoka. Ibyo bizaterwa n'ubuzima bw'ijisho ryawe n'ubwoko bw'uruziga rw'ubwenge uhitamo.

Abantu bamwe bahitamo uturindantoki twiza dushobora kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku ndorerwamo haba mu kureba ibintu biri kure no gusoma. Abandi bakunda uturindantoki dusanzwe hamwe n'indorerwamo zo gusoma. Umuganga wawe azagufasha guhitamo uburyo bujyanye n'imibereho yawe n'ibyiringiro byawe.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo nyuma yo kubagwa amarere?

Nubwo kubagwa amarere ari bumwe mu buryo bwizewe cyane bukoreshwa uyu munsi, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera gato ibyago byo kugira ibibazo. Kumva ibyo bintu bifasha wowe n'umuganga wawe gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Ibintu bisanzwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kubagwa harimo:

• Amarere amaze gutinda cyane cyangwa akomeye
• Ubukomere bw'amaso bwo hambere cyangwa kubagwa
• Izindi ndwara z'amaso nka glaucome cyangwa macular degeneration
• Indwara ya diyabete cyangwa izindi ndwara z'umubiri
• Gufata imiti imwe na rimwe nka alpha-blockers
• Kuba hafi cyane

Kugira ibyo bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko udashobora kubagwa neza. Bisobanura gusa ko umuganga wawe azagira ingamba zidasanzwe kandi ashobora guhindura uburyo bwo kubaga. Muganga wawe azaganira nawe ku bijyanye n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze kandi asobanure ibindi byatekerezwa.

Ibyago bidasanzwe abaganga bita ku byo harimo indwara, kuva amaraso, cyangwa ibibazo byo gushyira neza uruziga rw'amaso rw'ubwenge. Ibi bibaho ku munsi wa 1% w'ububaguzi, kandi byinshi birashobora kuvurwa neza niba bibaye.

Ese ni byiza kubagwa amaso vuba cyangwa nyuma?

Igihe cyo kubagwa amaso giterwa n'uko ibibazo byo kureba byawe bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, ntabwo biterwa n'uko amaso yawe 'yarembye'. Iki ni icyemezo cyawe bwite uzafatana na muganga wawe hashingiwe ku byo ukeneye n'imibereho yawe.

Ushobora gutekereza kubagwa vuba niba:

• Ibibazo byo kureba byawe bibangamira akazi cyangwa ibyo ukunda
• Wumva utizeye gutwara imodoka, cyane cyane nijoro
• Gusoma cyangwa kureba televiziyo byagoye
• Uragwa cyane cyangwa ugira impanuka kubera kureba
• Imiti yawe y'amaso ihinduka kenshi

Nta bwihutirwe bwo mu buvuzi bwo kubagwa ako kanya keretse niba amaso yawe akomeye cyane cyangwa ateza ibindi bibazo by'amaso. Abantu benshi bategereza kugeza igihe kureba kwabo kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho yabo mbere yo guhitamo kubagwa.

Ariko, gutegereza igihe kirekire birashobora gutuma kubagwa bigorana gato niba amaso akomeye cyane kandi akomeye. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya igihe cyiza gishingiye ku miterere yawe bwite n'ibyo ukunda.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora kubaho zo kubagwa amaso?

Mugihe kubagwa amaso bifite umutekano mwinshi, ni ngombwa kumva ingaruka zishobora kubaho kugirango ushobore gufata icyemezo gifitiye akamaro. Urwego rwose rw'ingaruka ni ruto cyane, rubaho munsi ya 2% y'ububaguzi.

Ingaruka ntoya zisanzwe zikunda gukemuka zonyine zirimo:

• Kubyimba by'agateganyo cyangwa kubyimba
• Kutamererwa neza gake cyangwa kumva urumva
• Kuzamuka by'agateganyo kw'umuvuduko w'amaso
• Kugira ubwenge bw'umucyo iminsi mike
• Ibimenyetso by'ijisho ryumye

Ibi bibazo akenshi bikunda gukira mu minsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru, kandi ntibitera ibibazo birambye. Amavuta yo mu maso wahawe na muganga afasha kugabanya ibyo bibazo.

Ingorane zikomeye ni gake zibaho ariko zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Udukoko twinjira mu jisho (endophthalmitis)
• Kuvunguka kw'uruhu rw'ijisho (retinal detachment)
• Urubu rurambye rw'ijisho
• Kuvaho kw'uruziga rw'amaso rw'ubwenge
• Uburibwe bukomeye cyangwa kuva amaraso

Izi ngorane zibaho ku bantu batarenze 1% bakorwa ibyo byago, kandi akenshi zishobora kuvurwa neza nibabaho. Muganga wawe azakugenzura neza mugihe cyo gukira kugirango amenye ibibazo byose hakiri kare.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kujya kwa muganga kubera ibijyanye n'amaso?

Ukwiriye kujya kwa muganga w'amaso niba urimo guhura n'impinduka mu mikoreshereze y'amaso ituma utabasha gukora ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi. Kugisha inama hakiri kare bifasha gusobanukirwa ibyo ushobora gukora no gutegura ejo hazaza, niyo utariteguye kubagwa.

Teganya gahunda yo kubonana na muganga niba ubonye ibi bikurikira:

• Kugorana cyane gusoma cyangwa gukora ibintu biri hafi
• Ibibazo byo gutwara imodoka, cyane cyane nijoro
• Guhora uhindura imiti y'amaso
• Amabara asa nkayahindutse cyangwa atagaragara neza
• Kugira ubworoherane bwinshi ku rumuri n'urumuri rwinshi
• Kureba ibintu bibiri mu jisho rimwe

Muganga w'amaso ashobora kumenya ibijyanye n'amaso mugihe cyo gukora isuzuma ry'amaso ryimbitse kandi akagufasha gusobanukirwa uburyo bigira ingaruka ku mikoreshereze y'amaso yawe. Bazareba kandi izindi ndwara z'amaso zishobora kuba zigira uruhare mu bibazo byo kureba.

Nyuma yo kubagwa amaso, vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya niba wumva uburibwe bukomeye, guhumirwa, urumuri rwinshi, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'indwara nko kwiyongera kw'umutuku cyangwa ibintu bisohoka mu jisho. Ibi bimenyetso bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bwa muganga.

Ibice bibazwa cyane ku bijyanye no kubagwa amaso

Q.1 Ese kubagwa amaso bifitiye akamaro abarwayi ba glaucoma?

Yego, kubaga imvune mu jisho akenshi birashobora gukorwa mu buryo bwizewe ku bantu bafite glaucoma, ndetse birashobora no gufasha kugabanya umuvuduko w'ijisho mu bihe bimwe. Ariko, abarwayi ba glaucoma bakeneye kwitabwaho by'umwihariko no gukurikiranwa mu gihe cyose cy'inzira.

Umuvuzi wawe azakorana bya hafi n'inzobere yawe ya glaucoma kugira ngo yemeze ko kubaga bitabangamira imiti yawe ya glaucoma. Mu bihe bimwe, kubaga imvune mu jisho na glaucoma bishobora guhuzwa mu buryo bumwe bwo gukemura ibibazo byombi icyarimwe.

Q.2 Ese kubaga imvune mu jisho bitera amaso yumye?

Kubaga imvune mu jisho birashobora gukomeza ibimenyetso by'ijisho ryumye, ariko ibi akenshi birakosoka mu byumweru bike kugeza ku mezi nyuma yo kubaga. Igikomere cyo kubaga gishobora gutangira guhungabanya amarira y'ijisho, bigatuma umwuma w'agateganyo.

Niba usanzwe ufite amaso yumye, bwire umuvuzi wawe mbere y'uko akora. Barashobora kugusaba gutangira kuvura amaso yumye mbere yo kubaga cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwihariye bwo kugabanya ingaruka ku marira yawe.

Q.3 Ese amaso yombi ashobora gukorwa icyarimwe?

Abavuzi benshi basaba gukora ijisho rimwe icyarimwe, akenshi bagatandukanya kubaga mu byumweru 1-2. Ubu buryo bugufasha kugumana icyerekezo gishoboka mu gihe cyo gukira kandi bigabanya ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo byangiza amaso yombi.

Ariko, mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane aho umuntu adafite icyerekezo gishoboka mu jisho ryombi, kubaga icyarimwe bishobora gutekerezwa. Umuvuzi wawe azaganira uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku miterere yawe yihariye n'ibyo ukeneye.

Q.4 Ese amaso y'ubwenge amara igihe kingana iki?

Amaso y'ubwenge yateguwe kugira ngo amare ubuzima bwose kandi akenshi ntakeneye gusimburwa. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu maso ya none ya intraocular birakomeye cyane kandi birahagaze neza mu jisho.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, irindi rishobora gukenerwa kongera gushyirwa cyangwa gusimburwa niba rivuye mu mwanya cyangwa niba ugize ibibazo. Ariko, ibi bibaho mu buryo butarenze 1% by'ibihe, kandi abantu benshi ntibakeneye ibindi bikorwa bifitanye isano n'amaso.

Q.5 Ese nzakeneye amadarubindi nyuma yo kubagwa ijisho ry'igicuri?

Abantu benshi bazakeneye amadarubindi mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe nyuma yo kubagwa ijisho ry'igicuri, akenshi mu gusoma cyangwa mu mirimo ya hafi. Amadarubindi asanzwe akoreshwa mu buryo bwo gufasha umuntu kureba neza ibintu biri kure, bityo amadarubindi yo gusoma akenshi akenewe.

Amadarubindi y'agaciro nk'amadarubindi menshi cyangwa amadarubindi yemerera umuntu kureba neza ibintu biri hafi na kure, nubwo ashobora kutavanaho rwose gukenera amadarubindi. Umuganga wawe azagufasha guhitamo ubwoko bw'amadarubindi bujyanye neza n'imibereho yawe n'intego zo kureba neza.