Ni iki cyitwa Cholecystectomy? Intego, Uburyo bwo kubaga & Gukira

Cholecystectomy ni ukubaga gukuraho urugingo rwawe rw'umwijima, urugingo ruto rubika imisemburo ifasha mu gusya ibinure. Ubu buryo ni bumwe mu kubaga bikorwa cyane ku isi hose, kandi bikunze gukorwa iyo amabuye yo mu mwijima cyangwa izindi ngorane zo mu mwijima ziteza ububabare bukomeye cyangwa ingaruka.

Urugingo rwawe rw'umwijima ntirw'ingenzi mu kubaho, bivuze ko ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi busanzwe utarufite. Abantu benshi barakira neza kandi bagahumurizwa ibimenyetso byabo nyuma yo kubagwa.

Ni iki cyitwa cholecystectomy?

Cholecystectomy ni uburyo bwo kubaga aho abaganga bakuraho urugingo rwawe rw'umwijima rwose. Urugingo rwawe rw'umwijima ni urugingo ruto, rufite ishusho y'imbuto ya pere ruri munsi y'umwijima wawe rubika imisemburo, amazi yo gusya umwijima wawe ukora.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy ikoresha ibice bito n'icyuma gito, mugihe open cholecystectomy isaba igice kinini ku nda yawe. Abaganga benshi bakunda uburyo bwa laparoscopic kuko ntibukomeretsa kandi butuma umuntu akira vuba.

Iyo urugingo rwawe rw'umwijima rukurweho, imisemburo iva mu mwijima wawe ikajya mu mara mato. Umubiri wawe wimenyereza neza iyi mpinduka, kandi abantu benshi ntibabona itandukaniro rikomeye mu gusya kwabo.

Kuki cholecystectomy ikorwa?

Cholecystectomy ikunze gukorwa kugirango ivure amabuye yo mu mwijima ateza ububabare, indwara, cyangwa izindi ngaruka. Amabuye yo mu mwijima ni ibice byumye bya cholesterol cyangwa bilirubin bikora imbere mu rugingo rwawe rw'umwijima kandi bishobora guhagarika urujya n'uruza rw'imisemburo.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kubagwa niba ufite ibitero bikomeye byo mu mwijima bibangamira ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Ibi bitero bikunze gutera ububabare bukomeye mu gice cyo hejuru cy'iburyo bw'inda yawe bushobora kumara amasaha menshi kandi bushobora guherekezwa no kuruka, kuruka, cyangwa umuriro.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi bishobora gusaba gukuraho urugingo rw'umwijima:

• Ibuye ryo mu nyama y'umwijima ritera ibitero by'uburibwe buhoraho
• Cholecystitis (ukubyimba kw'inyama y'umwijima)
• Choledocholithiasis (amabuye yo mu nyama y'umwijima mu muyoboro w'igifu)
• Polype ya nyama y'umwijima nini kurenza santimetero 1
• Pancreatitis iterwa n'amabuye yo mu nyama y'umwijima
• Ubukana bwa nyama y'umwijima (ariko bidasanzwe kandi bikomeye)
• Biliary dyskinesia (imikorere mibi ya nyama y'umwijima)

Mu bihe by'ubutabazi, cholecystectomy ishobora gukenerwa ako kanya niba ugize ibibazo nk'inyama y'umwijima yaturitse cyangwa indwara ikomeye. Ibi bihe bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bwa muganga kugirango birinde ibibazo biteye ubuzima bw'akaga.

Ni iki gikorerwa cholecystectomy?

Uburyo bwa cholecystectomy busanzwe bufata iminota 30 kugeza ku masaha 2, bitewe n'uburyo ikibazo cyawe kimeze n'uburyo umuganga wawe akoresha. Abantu benshi bahabwa anesthesia rusange, bivuze ko uzaba uryamye rwose mugihe cyo kubagwa.

Mugihe cya laparoscopic cholecystectomy, umuganga ubaga akora ibice bito 3-4 mu nda yawe, buri kimwe kingana na santimetero imwe. Bashyiraho laparoscope (agahurizo gato gafite kamera) n'ibikoresho byihariye byo kubaga binyuze muri utwo twobo duto kugirango bakure neza inyama yawe y'umwijima.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo gukora laparoscopic:

1. Inda yawe iruzurwa na gazi ya karubone kugirango habeho umwanya wo gukoreramo umuganga
2. Laparoscope ishyirwaho kugirango itange ishusho isobanutse neza y'inyama yawe y'umwijima
3. Umuganga ubaga yitonda akuraho inyama y'umwijima mu mwijima n'imiyoboro y'igifu
4. Inyama y'umwijima ishyirwa mumufuka wo kubaga ikavanwa binyuze mumwe mumice mito
5. Gazi iravanwaho kandi ibice birafungwa hamwe n'imitsi cyangwa gulu ya kubaga

Rimwe na rimwe, umuganga ubaga ashobora gukenera guhindura akoresha uburyo bwo kubaga bwo gufungura igifu mu gihe cyo kubaga niba ahuye n’ingorane cyangwa imitsi y’imitsi ituma kubaga hakoreshejwe imashini bidatekanye. Ibi ntibiba ari ugutsindwa kw’uburyo bwo kubaga ahubwo ni ingamba zo kwirinda kugira ngo umutekano wawe wizerwe.

Kubaga igifu bifunguye bikubiyemo gukata ahantu hanini, akenshi hagati ya santimetero 10-15 z'uburebure, munsi y'urubavu rwawe. Ubu buryo buha umuganga ubaga uburenganzira bwo kugera ku gifu cyawe n’ibindi bice bikikije, bishobora kuba ngombwa mu gihe cy’ingorane cyangwa ibihe byihutirwa.

Ni gute witegura kubagwa igifu?

Kwitegura kubagwa igifu bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi kugira ngo wemeze ko kubagwa bigenda neza kandi mu buryo butekanye. Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza asobanutse ashingiye ku buzima bwawe bwite n’ubwoko bwo kubaga buteganyijwe.

Bizaba ngombwa ko uhagarika kurya no kunywa byibura amasaha 8 mbere yo kubagwa. Iki gihe cyo kwiyiriza bifasha kwirinda ingorane mu gihe cyo gukoresha imiti yo gutera urugimbu kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kuruka niba waruka mu gihe cyangwa nyuma yo kubagwa.

Mbere yo kubagwa, ugomba kuganira kuri izi ntambwe z’ingenzi zo kwitegura n’ikipe yawe y’ubuzima:

• Hagarika gufata imiti igabanya amaraso nk'uko byategetswe na muganga wawe
• Tegura umuntu uzagutwara nyuma yo kubagwa
• Wiyuhagire ukoresheje isabune irwanya mikorobe mu ijoro ryo kubagwa cyangwa mu gitondo cyo kubagwa
• Kura imitako yose, irangi ryo ku nzara, na maquillage
• Wambare imyenda yoroshye, yagutse
• Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose ufata n’ibyongerera imbaraga

Muganga wawe ashobora gutuma hakorwa ibizamini mbere yo kubagwa nk'ibizamini by'amaraso, electrocardiogram, cyangwa X-ray yo mu gituza kugira ngo wemeze ko ufite ubuzima bwiza bwo kubagwa. Ibi bizamini bifasha kumenya ingorane zishobora kuvuka mbere yuko zibaho.

Niba ufata imiti ivura indwara zidakira nka diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye imiti ugomba gufata cyangwa kureka ku munsi wo kubagwa. Ntukigere uhagarika gufata imiti wandikiwe utabanje kubaza umuganga wawe.

Ni gute usoma ibyerekeye gukira nyuma yo kubagwa urugingo rw'umwijima?

Gukira nyuma yo kubagwa urugingo rw'umwijima biratandukanye ku bantu, ariko abantu benshi bashobora kwitega gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe mu gihe cy'icyumweru 1-2 nyuma yo kubagwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa laparoscopic. Kubagwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gufungura bisaba ibyumweru 4-6 kugira ngo umuntu akire neza.

Mu minsi mike ya mbere nyuma yo kubagwa, birashoboka ko uzagira ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ahantu hakorewe icyo gikorwa ndetse no mu rutugu kubera gasi yakoreshejwe mugihe cyo kubagwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa laparoscopic. Ubu buribwe bwo mu rutugu ni bw'agateganyo kandi busanzwe buvaho nyuma y'amasaha 24-48.

Dore intambwe zisanzwe zo gukira ushobora kwitega:

• Amasaha 24 ya mbere: Kuruhuka, gucunga uburibwe, no gutangira buhoro buhoro kunywa amazi meza
• Iminsi 2-3: Kongera ibikorwa, gusubira ku biryo bikomeye, gushobora gusezererwa mu bitaro
• Icyumweru cya 1: Gusubira buhoro buhoro mu bikorwa byoroheje, kwita ku gikomere, gahunda yo gusuzuma
• Ibyumweru 2-4: Gusubira ku kazi no mu bikorwa bisanzwe, bitewe n'ibisabwa n'akazi kawe
• Ibyumweru 4-6: Gukira neza ku bantu benshi, kwemererwa gukora imirimo iremereye no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri

Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye kwita ku gikomere, ibikorwa bigomba kwirindwa, n'ibimenyetso byo kwitondera. Ni ngombwa gukurikiza izi ngamba neza kugira ngo wirinde ingorane kandi wemeze gukira neza.

Abantu benshi babona impinduka zigaragara mu bimenyetso byabo bifitanye isano n'urugingo rw'umwijima nyuma yo kubagwa. Ariko, abantu bamwe baragira impinduka z'agateganyo mu igogora ry'ibiryo uko umubiri wabo wimenyereza kubaho nta rugingo rw'umwijima.

Ni gute wacunga ubuzima nyuma yo kubagwa urugingo rw'umwijima?

Ubuzima nyuma yo gukuraho urwagashya muri rusange buraryoshye cyane, abantu benshi bakagira imbaraga zo gukira burundu ibimenyetso byabo by'urwagashya. Umwijima wawe uzakomeza gukora imisemburo y'amazi, ikajya mu mara mato yawe kugira ngo ifashe mu gusya ibinure.

Ushobora kubona impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu igogora ryawe, cyane cyane ku biryo birimo ibinure, mu byumweru bike bya mbere nyuma yo kubagwa. Izi mpinduka mubisanzwe ni iz'igihe gito kuko umubiri wawe wimenyereza uburyo bushya bwo kohereza imisemburo y'amazi mu mara yawe.

Dore impinduka zimwe na zimwe z'imirire zishobora gufasha mu gihe cyo gukira:

• Tangira n'udufunguro duto, dukunze kuribwa aho kurya ibinini
• Ongera buhoro buhoro ibiryo birimo ibinure kugira ngo urebe uko umubiri wawe ubikira
• Ongera urugero rwa fibre buhoro kugira ngo wirinde kubabara mu igogora
• Komeza kunywa amazi menshi umunsi wose
• Irinda ibiryo biryoshye cyane cyangwa birimo amavuta mbere na mbere
• Tekereza ku kwandika ibyo urya kugira ngo umenye ibiryo byose bigutera ibibazo

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira ku mirire yabo isanzwe mu byumweru bike cyangwa amezi nyuma yo kubagwa. Ariko, abantu bamwe basanga bakeneye gushyiraho umupaka w'iteka kuri ibiryo birimo ibinure cyane cyangwa birimo amavuta kugira ngo birinde kutagira ibyishimo mu igogora.

Imyitozo ngororamubiri ya buri gihe no kugumana ubuzima bwiza bishobora gufasha kunoza igogora ryawe n'ubuzima muri rusange nyuma yo gukuraho urwagashya. Muganga wawe ashobora gutanga inama zihariye zishingiye ku iterambere ryawe ryo gukira.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo gukenera gukuraho urwagashya?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kurwara indwara y'urwagashya ishobora gusaba gukurwaho mu kubagwa. Kumva ibi bintu byongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku buzima bwawe n'imibereho yawe.

Imyaka n'igitsina bifite uruhare runini mu byago byo kurwara indwara y'urwagashya. Abagore bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara ibibuye byo mu rwagasya kurusha abagabo, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kubyara kubera impinduka za hormone. Ibyago byiyongera uko imyaka yiyongera ku bagabo n'abagore.

Dore ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'urwagashya:

• Kuba umugore, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa ukoresha imiti ya hormone
• Imyaka irenga 40
• Umubyibuho ukabije cyangwa kugabanya ibiro vuba
• Amateka y'umuryango arwaye indwara y'igifu
• Amoko amwe n'amwe (Abanyamerika kavukire, Abahisipaniya)
• Indwara ya diyabete na syndrome ya metabolike
• Urugero rwo hejuru rwa cholesterol
• Imibereho idakora imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Imiti imwe n'imwe (ibinyobwa bigabanya ubwabyeyi, imiti isimbura hormone)

Ibintu bike bishobora gutera ibi birimo indwara yo mu gifu, cirrhosis y'umwijima, n'indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'imiterere ya za gene. Abantu bagiye kubagwa igifu cyangwa bakurikiza imirire ifite kalori nkeya cyane nabo bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi.

Nubwo udashobora guhindura ibintu nk'imyaka, igitsina, cyangwa amateka y'umuryango, urashobora guhindura ibintu by'imibereho nk'uko ugumana ubuzima bwiza, kurya indyo yuzuye, no gukomeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Izi mpinduka zirashobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'igifu.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no gukuraho igifu?

Gukuraho igifu muri rusange ni uburyo bwizewe bufite ibyago bike, ariko nk'uko bigenda ku kubagwa kwose, bifite ibyago bimwe na bimwe. Kumva izi ngaruka zishobora gutuma ufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro kandi ukamenya ibimenyetso byo kwitondera mugihe cyo gukira.

Ingaruka nyinshi ni izitaramenyerewe kandi ziravurwa iyo zibayeho. Ingaruka zikomeye zibaho ku bantu batarenze 1% bakoresheje uburyo bwo kubaga bwa laparoscopic kandi bikaba bikunze kubaho cyane iyo bakoresheje uburyo bwo kubaga bwo gufungura.

Dore ingaruka zishobora kubaho, zateguwe kuva ku zikunze kugaragara kugeza ku zitagaragara cyane:

• Kuva amaraso ahantu habagiwe
• Udukoko mu gice cyabagiwe cyangwa mu ngingo z'imbere
• Gusubira inyuma kwa anesthesia
• Amaraso yiziritse mu maguru cyangwa mu bihaha
• Ukwangirika kw'ingingo zegeranye (umwijima, amara)
• Ukwangirika kw'umuyoboro w'amazi y'igifu cyangwa kuvuza amaraso
• Ibuye ry'igifu ryasigaye mu muyoboro w'amazi y'igifu
• Hernia ahantu habagiwe
• Umuvumo uterwa no kuruhuka igihe kirekire ku gitanda

Uko kwangirika kw'inzira y'igifu ni kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye ariko bitabaho cyane, bikaba mu buryo bwa 0.3-0.5% by'inzira za laparoscopic. Ibi nibiba, ushobora gukenera kubagwa kugira ngo bakore isuku kuri icyo kibazo. Uko kwangirika kw'inzira y'igifu gukira neza iyo havuzwe neza.

Abantu bamwe barwara indwara ya post-cholecystectomy syndrome, irimo ibimenyetso nk'ububabare mu nda, kubyimba, cyangwa impiswi zikomeza nyuma yo kubagwa. Iyi ndwara akenshi irabanza ikagenda kandi irushaho gukira iyo umuntu ahinduye imirire ye kandi akagira igihe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo gukurwaho igifu?

Ugomba guhita uvugisha umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso by'ibibazo bikomeye nyuma yo gukurwaho igifu cyawe. Nubwo gukira kenshi bigenda neza, ni ngombwa kumenya ibimenyetso byo kwitondera bisaba ubufasha bw'abaganga.

Ibimenyetso bikomeye bisaba ubufasha bw'abaganga ako kanya birimo ububabare bukomeye mu nda butagabanuka n'imiti igabanya ububabare, ibimenyetso by'ubwandu nk'umuriro cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi, cyangwa ibimenyetso byose bisa nk'ibigenda birushaho kuba bibi aho kuba byiza.

Vugisha umuganga wawe cyangwa ushake ubufasha bwihutirwa niba ubonye:

• Umuriro uri hejuru ya 101°F (38.3°C)
• Ububabare bukomeye mu nda burushaho kuba bubi uko igihe kigenda
• Urugimbu rukomeza no kuruka
• Ibimenyetso by'ubwandu ahantu hakorewe ibikomere (umutuku, ubushyuhe, amashyiga)
• Umuhondo w'uruhu cyangwa amaso (jaundice)
• Ububabare mu gituza cyangwa guhumeka bigoye
• Kubyimba kw'ukuguru cyangwa ububabare bushobora kwerekana amaraso yiziritse
• Kutabasha kunyara cyangwa guhagarara kw'amara bikomeye

Ugomba kandi kuvugisha umuganga wawe kubera ibimenyetso bitihutirwa ariko biteye impungenge nk'impiswi zikomeza, gutakaza ibiro bitasobanutse, cyangwa ibibazo byo mu gihe ntibigenda neza nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi. Ibi bibazo bishobora gusaba guhindura imirire cyangwa isuzuma ryisumbuyeho.

Izi gahunda zo gusuzumwa buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo ukurikirane uko urimo gukira kandi ukemure ibibazo byose. Muganga wawe azasaba gusubira kwa muganga nyuma y'ibyumweru 1-2 nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo arebe ibikomere byawe n'imikurire y'ubuzima muri rusange.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no gukuraho urugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta

I.1 Ese gukuraho urugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta ni byiza mu kuvura amabuye yo mu gifu?

Yego, gukuraho urugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kuvura amabuye yo mu gifu afite ibimenyetso. Iyo urugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta rukurwe, ntushobora kongera kugira amabuye yo mu gifu kuko nta rugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta rwo kuyarema.

Ubu bwoko bwo kubagwa butanga umuti urambye ku bibazo bijyanye n'amabuye yo mu gifu, bitandukanye n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bushobora gutanga ubufasha bw'igihe gito gusa. Abantu benshi bagira igisubizo cyuzuye cy'ibimenyetso byabo by'amabuye yo mu gifu nyuma yo gukira.

I.2 Ese gukuraho urugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta bitera ibibazo byo mu nzira y'igogora?

Abantu bamwe bagira impinduka z'igihe gito mu igogora nyuma yo gukuraho urugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta, ariko ibi bikunze gukira mu byumweru bike cyangwa amezi make. Ikibazo gikunze kubaho ni ukugorwa no gukora igogora ry'ibiryo byinshi birimo amavuta.

Umubiri wawe ukunze guhuza neza n'ubuzima butagira urugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta. Nubwo abantu bamwe bakeneye gukora impinduka zirambye mu mirire, abenshi bashobora gusubira kurya uko bisanzwe nyuma y'igihe cyo gukira.

I.3 Mbese nshobora kubaho uko bisanzwe ntakigira urugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta?

Yego, ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe utagira urugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta. Urwo rugingo ntirw'ingenzi mu kubaho, kandi umwijima wawe uzakomeza gukora bile kugira ngo ifashe mu igogora ry'amavuta.

Abantu benshi basubira mu bikorwa byabo byose bisanzwe, harimo akazi, imyitozo ngororamubiri, n'ibikorwa by'imibereho, mu byumweru bike nyuma yo kubagwa. Ubuziranenge bw'ubuzima bukunze kuzamuka cyane iyo ibimenyetso by'urugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta bikemutse.

I.4 Kubagwa gukuraho urugingo rw'inyama zifata amavuta bifata igihe kingana iki?

Ubusanzwe kubaga uruhara hakoreshejwe imashini bifata iminota 30 kugeza ku isaha, naho kubaga bisanzwe bifata isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha abiri. Igihe nyacyo giterwa n'uburyo ikibazo cyawe kigoye kandi niba hari ibibazo byavutse mugihe cyo kubaga.

Uzanamara igihe mu cyumba cyo koroheramo nyuma yo kubagwa, kandi igihe cyose uzamara mu bitaro ubusanzwe ni amasaha 4-6 mugihe cyo kubagwa hakoreshejwe imashini utagiye kurara mu bitaro cyangwa iminsi 1-2 mugihe cyo kubagwa bisanzwe.

Q.5 Ni ibiryo ki nkwiriye kwirinda nyuma yo gukurwaho uruhara?

Mbere na mbere, ugomba kwirinda ibiryo birimo amavuta menshi, birimo amavuta cyane, cyangwa ibirungo byinshi mugihe umubiri wawe ukimenyereza gutunganya ibiryo udafite uruhara. Ibiryo nk'ibiryo bikaranze, inyama zirimo amavuta, n'ama dessert akungahaye bishobora gutera kutumva neza mu igogora.

Nyuma y'igihe cyo koroherwa, abantu benshi bashobora kugarura buhoro buhoro ibyo biryo. Abantu bamwe basanga bakeneye kugabanya burundu ibiryo birimo amavuta menshi, ariko ibi bitandukana ku muntu ku muntu.