Ni iki cyitwa Colectomy? Intego, Uburyo bwo kubaga & Gukira

Colectomy ni uburyo bwo kubaga aho igice cyangwa byose bya colon yawe (urura rinini) bikurwaho. Ubu buvuzi bufasha kuvura indwara zitandukanye zifata colon yawe, kuva ku ndwara zifata ibice by'umubiri kugeza kuri kanseri, bikaguha amahirwe yo kunoza ubuzima bwawe n'imibereho yawe.

Colectomy ni iki?

Colectomy ni ukurwaho kw'igice cyangwa byose bya colon yawe, ari ryo rura rinini ritunganya imyanda mbere yuko iva mu mubiri wawe. Tekereza colon yawe nk'ikigo gitunganya kivana amazi mu myanda kandi kigakora umwanda.

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa colectomy bitewe n'ingano ya colon yawe ikeneye gukurwaho. Colectomy y'igice gukuraho igice cyonyine kirwaye, mugihe colectomy yose ikuraho colon yose. Umuganga wawe uzahitamo uburyo bwiza bujyanye n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye.

Ubu buvuzi bushobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubaga busanzwe cyangwa uburyo bwo kubaga bukorwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bito. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakorana nawe kugirango bamenye uburyo bwiza butanga umusaruro mwiza ku miterere yawe.

Kuki colectomy ikorwa?

Colectomy ikorwa kugirango ivure indwara zikomeye zifata colon yawe zitashoboye kuvurwa n'ubundi buryo. Muganga wawe agushishikariza ubu buvuzi iyo ari uburyo bwiza bwo kurengera ubuzima bwawe no kunoza imibereho yawe.

Impamvu zisanzwe za colectomy zirimo kanseri ya colon, isaba gukuraho igice kirwaye kanseri kugirango hirindwe ikwirakwizwa ryayo. Indwara zifata ibice by'umubiri nka Crohn's disease cyangwa ulcerative colitis zirashobora no gukenera ubuvuzi bw'ubuvuzi iyo imiti idashobora kugenzura ibimenyetso bikomeye.

Dore indwara z'ingenzi zishobora gusaba colectomy, kuva ku mpamvu zisanzwe kugeza ku mpamvu zitavuka kenshi:

• Kanseri ya kolon cyangwa polyp zitarakira zishobora kutavanwa mu gihe cya colonoscopy
• Indwara ikaze yo mu mara (indwara ya Crohn cyangwa ulcerative colitis)
• Diverticulitis ifite ibibazo nk'ubwobo cyangwa igifu
• Kugara kwinshi kw'amara kutitabira izindi nshuti
• Kubangamirwa kw'amara guterwa n'imitsi cyangwa izindi nzitizi
• Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), indwara idasanzwe yo mu maraso
• Kuva amaraso menshi mu mara adashobora kugenzurwa
• Urugero cyangwa imvune ku mara

Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza uburwayi bwawe bwihariye kandi asuzume ubundi buryo bwose bwo kuvura mbere yo kugusaba kubagwa. Ibi bituma colectomy iba inzira nziza yo guteza imbere ubuzima bwawe.

Ni iki gikorerwa colectomy?

Uburyo bwa colectomy bukubiyemo gukuraho neza igice cy'amara yawe cyagizweho ingaruka mugihe ubitse ibice byinshi bifite ubuzima bwiza bushoboka. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga bazakoresha uburyo bwo kubaga bwa kera cyangwa uburyo bwo kubaga bwa laparoscopic.

Mbere yo gutangira kubaga, uzahabwa anesthesia rusange kugirango wumve neza kandi utagira ububabare. Itsinda rya anesthesia rizakugenzura neza mugihe cyose cyo kubaga kugirango ugumane umutekano.

Ibi nibyo bikunda kuba mugihe cyo kubaga:

1. Umuvuzi wawe akora icyuho mu nda yawe (kinini kubaga rifunguye, gito kuri laparoscopic)
2. Igice cy'amara arwaye gitandukanywa neza n'ibindi bice byegereyeho
3. Ibyo bikoresho by'amaraso bitanga icyo gice birafungwa kandi bigakatwa
4. Igice cy'amara cyagizweho ingaruka kirakurwaho
5. Impera nziza z'amara yawe zirasubizwa (anastomosis)
6. Umuvuzi wawe areba imikorere n'imikoreshereze ikwiye
7. Icyuho gifungwa n'imitsi cyangwa staples

Ubusanzwe iki gikorwa cyose gifata amasaha 2 kugeza kuri 4, bitewe n'uburyo ikibazo cyawe kigoye. Umuganga ubaga azajya amenyesha umuryango wawe uko urugendo rugenda mu gihe cyose cyo kubaga.

Mu bindi bihe, umuganga ubaga ashobora gukenera gukora colostomy y'agateganyo cyangwa ihoraho. Ibi bivuze kuzana igice cy'urugingo rw'amara rwawe ku mwobo uri ku rukuta rw'inda yawe, bigatuma imyanda ikusanyirizwa mu gakapu kadasanzwe. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazaganira kuri iyi ngingo mbere na mbere niba bireba uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.

Ni gute witegura kubagwa urugingo rw'amara?

Kwitegura kubagwa urugingo rw'amara bikubiyemo intambwe z'ingenzi kugira ngo wemeze ko kubagwa kwawe kugenda neza kandi ko gukira kwawe kugenda neza uko bishoboka kose. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazagufasha mu ntambwe zose zo kwitegura.

Ubusanzwe kwitegura kwawe bitangira hafi icyumweru mbere yo kubagwa. Uzaba ukeneye guhagarika imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso, nka aspirine cyangwa imiti ituma amaraso ataguma. Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye imiti ugomba guhagarika n'igihe.

Umunsi mbere yo kubagwa, uzaba ukeneye gukora isuku y'urugingo rw'amara rwawe rwose. Ubu buryo, bwitwa gutegura amara, bufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura mu gihe cyo kubagwa. Uzanywa umuti wihariye kandi ukurikize imirire y'amazi asobanutse.

Dore intambwe z'ingenzi zo kwitegura uzaba ukeneye gukurikiza:

• Kuzuza ibizamini byose byo mbere yo kubagwa (ibizamini by'amaraso, isesengura ry'amashusho, isuzuma ry'umutima niba bikwiye)
• Guheza kurya ibiryo bikomeye amasaha 24 mbere yo kubagwa
• Kunywa umuti wateguwe wo gutegura amara nk'uko byategetswe
• Koga ukoresheje isabune yihariye irwanya mikorobe mu ijoro ryo kubagwa no mu gitondo
• Gukuraho imitako yose, amavuta yo kwisiga, na polish yo ku nzara
• Gutegura umuntu wo kukujyana mu rugo nyuma yo kubagwa
• Gupakira imyenda yoroshye n'ibikoresho byawe bwite byo kumara igihe mu bitaro

Itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi rizagutegurira amabwiriza arambuye yanditse yagenewe imiterere yawe yihariye. Ntugatinye guhamagara niba ufite ikibazo icyo aricyo cyose kijyanye n’inzira yo kwitegura.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe bya colectomy?

Nyuma ya colectomy yawe, umuganga wawe ubaga azasobanura uko imikorere yagenze n'icyo basanze mugihe cyo kubaga. Igice cyakuwe kizoherezwa muri laboratori ya pathology kugirango isuzumwe neza munsi ya microscope.

Raporo ya pathology itanga amakuru yingenzi yerekeye imiterere yawe kandi igafasha kuyobora imivurire yawe y'ahazaza. Niba kanseri yari ihari, raporo izasobanura ubwoko, icyiciro, niba yarakwiriye mu nsinga z'amazi zegeranye.

Ibisubizo byawe bya pathology mubisanzwe birimo ibisobanuro byinshi byingenzi. Raporo izasobanura ubunini n'ahantu h'utubyimba twose, urwego (uko selile zisa nabi), niba imipaka yo kubaga itarimo indwara.

Kubijyanye n'indwara zifata umubiri nka Crohn's disease, raporo ya pathology izemeza icyemezo kandi isobanure urugero rw'uburwayi. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gutegura imivurire yawe ikomeje no gukurikirana imiterere yawe.

Muganga wawe azategura gahunda yo gusubira mu kigo kugirango baganire ku bisubizo byawe birambuye. Bazasobanura icyo ibyavuyeho bisobanura ku buzima bwawe n'intambwe zikurikira muri gahunda yawe yo kwitabwaho.

Ni gute wakira nyuma ya colectomy?

Kuvuka muri colectomy ni inzira itinda buhoro buhoro isanzwe ifata ibyumweru byinshi kugeza kumyaka mike. Umubiri wawe ukeneye igihe cyo gukira kubaga no kumenyera impinduka ziri mu gihe cyo gukora ibiryo.

Kuguma kwawe mu bitaro mubisanzwe bifata iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 7, bitewe nubwoko bwo kubaga wakoze. Muri iki gihe, itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi rizakurikirana gukira kwawe, gucunga ububabare bwawe, no kugufasha gutangira kongera kurya buhoro buhoro.

Mu minsi ya mbere nyuma yo kubagwa, icyo twibanzeho ni ukugufasha kwimuka neza no kureba niba igifu cyawe gitangiye gukora neza. Uzatangira kunywa amazi asobanutse hanyuma ukajya kurya ibiryo bikomeye uko umubiri wawe ubishoboye.

Dore ibyo witegura mu gihe cyo gukira:

• Iminsi 1-3: Kuruhuka ku gitanda ukagenda wimuka buhoro buhoro, unywa amazi asobanutse gusa
• Iminsi 4-7: Kugenda cyane, gutangira kurya ibiryo byoroshye, gushobora gutaha
• Ibyumweru 2-4: Gusubira buhoro buhoro mu bikorwa bisanzwe, kwirinda kuzamura ibintu biremereye
• Ibyumweru 4-6: Gusubira mu bikorwa byinshi bisanzwe, akenshi kurya ibiryo byose byemewe
• Ibyumweru 6-12: Gukira neza, gusubira mu bikorwa byose harimo n'imyitozo ngororamubiri

Gukira kwawe bishobora gutinda cyangwa bikihuta bitewe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, urugero rwo kubagwa, n'uburyo ukurikiza amabwiriza yo kwitabwaho. Buri wese akira ku buryo bwe, kandi ni ibisanzwe rwose.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo byatewe no kubagwa uruhara?

Nubwo kubagwa uruhara muri rusange bifite umutekano, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo. Kumva ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bifasha wowe n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibibazo bishoboka.

Imyaka n'ubuzima muri rusange ni byo bintu byongera ibyago cyane. Abantu bakuze n'abafite indwara nyinshi bashobora guhura n'ibyago byinshi, ariko ibyo ntibisobanura ko kubagwa atari ngombwa kuri bo.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo, nubwo abantu benshi babaho neza hatitawe kuri ibyo bintu byongera ibyago:

• Ubukure (imyaka irenga 70)
• Umubyibuho ukabije, ushobora gutuma kubagwa bigorana
• Indwara ya diyabete, ishobora gutuma gukira bitinda
• Indwara y'umutima cyangwa iy'ibihaha
• Kubagwa mu nda mbere byateje inkovu
• Umunyonga, utuma gukira kw'ibikomere kudakora neza kandi ukongera ibyago byo kwandura
• Imirire mibi cyangwa indwara ikomeye mbere yo kubagwa
• Ibibazo byo kubagwa byihutirwa

Itsinda ry'abaganga bazakora isuzuma ryimbitse ry'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga kandi bafate ingamba zikwiye. Ibintu byinshi bigushyira mu kaga birashobora kunozwa mbere yo kubagwa, nko kunoza imirire yawe cyangwa gucunga neza diyabete.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no kubagwa kwa colectomy?

Kimwe n'ubundi bwoko bwose bwo kubagwa bukomeye, colectomy ishobora kugira ingaruka, nubwo ibibazo bikomeye bidakunze kubaho. Itsinda ry'abaganga bakora ingamba nyinshi zo gukumira ingaruka kandi bakugenzura neza kugira ngo bamenye ibibazo byose hakiri kare.

Abantu benshi bakira neza nyuma ya colectomy nta bibazo bikomeye. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ingaruka zishoboka kugira ngo umenye ibimenyetso kandi usabe ubufasha niba bibaye ngombwa.

Hano hari ingaruka zishoboka, zashyizwe ku rutonde kuva ku zikunze kugaragara kugeza ku zitagaragara cyane:

• Udukoko two mu gice cyakoreweho kubagwa, akenshi dushobora kuvurwa n'imiti yica udukoko
• Ukuva amaraso bishobora gusaba ko wongererwa amaraso cyangwa kubagwa kongera
• Anastomotic leak, aho umubano uri hagati y'ibice by'amara ntukira neza
• Kubangamirwa kw'amara biturutse ku gukora kw'ibice by'imitsi
• Amabara y'amaraso mu maguru cyangwa mu bihaha
• Umuriro uterwa no kudakora cyane nyuma yo kubagwa
• Ukwangirika kw'izindi ngingo zegeranye nka nyababyeyi cyangwa amara mato
• Ingaruka zikomeye zisaba kubagwa byihutirwa cyangwa kurwaza igihe kirekire

Itsinda ry'abaganga bazaganira ku bintu byihariye bigushyira mu kaga n'intambwe bafata zo gukumira ingaruka. Ingaruka nyinshi zirashobora kuvurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo zamenyekanye hakiri kare.

Ninde gihe nkwiriye kubonana na muganga nyuma ya colectomy?

Ugomba guhita uvugana na muganga wawe niba ubonye ibimenyetso bibangamiye nyuma ya colectomy. Kumenya no kuvura ibibazo hakiri kare birashobora gukumira ingaruka zikomeye.

Ibimenyetso bimwe bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga, mu gihe ibindi bigomba kuganirwaho na muganga wawe mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. Wizere ubwenge bwawe - niba hari ikintu kitumvikana, buri gihe ni byiza guhamagara no kubaza.

Vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso byo kwitondera bikurikira:

• Urubavu ruri hejuru ya 101°F (38.3°C)
• Urubavu rukabije mu nda rurushaho gukomera
• Kuruka kutagira iherezo
• Kutagira imyanda mu nda mu gihe kirenze iminsi 3
• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura hafi y'aho bakugiriye (ubutukura bwiyongera, ubushyuhe, amashyira)
• Urubavu mu gituza cyangwa guhumeka bigoye
• Ukuboko kubyimba cyangwa kuribwa bishobora kwerekana amaraso yazibye
• Kutabasha kugumana amazi mu mubiri

Ugomba kandi guhamagara muganga wawe kubera impungenge zitihutirwa nk'isuka idahoraho, impinduka mu myifatire yawe yo mu nda, cyangwa ibibazo bijyanye no gukira kwawe. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rishaka kugufasha kugira uburyo bwo gukira bworoshye.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kuri colectomy

Q.1 Ese colectomy ifite akamaro mu kuvura kanseri y'amara?

Yego, colectomy akenshi ni uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura kanseri y'amara, cyane cyane iyo kanseri yamenyekanye hakiri kare. Kubaga bikuraho igice cya kanseri n'utunyangingo twa lymph twegeranye, bishobora gukiza kanseri cyangwa bikongera cyane ubuzima bwawe.

Intsinzi ya colectomy ya kanseri iterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo n'icyiciro cya kanseri igihe ivumbuwe. Kanseri y'amara yo mu ntangiriro ifite urwego rwo gukira ruri hejuru hamwe no kubaga gusa, mugihe kanseri zateye imbere zishobora gusaba izindi nshuti nk'imiti.

Q.2 Ese colectomy itera impinduka zihoraho ku myifatire y'amara?

Abantu benshi bahura n'impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu myifatire yabo y'amara nyuma ya colectomy, ariko izi mpinduka mubisanzwe zirashoboka kandi zikagenda zitungana uko igihe kigenda. Igice cyawe gisigaye cy'amara kigenda gihinduka kugirango gisubize igice cyakuweho.

Ushobora kugira imyifatire y'amara ikunze kugaragara, cyane cyane niba igice kinini cy'amara yawe cyakuweho. Hamwe n'igihe n'imihindagurikire y'imirire, abantu benshi bagira uburyo bushya busanzwe bukora neza kubuzima bwabo.

Q.3 Ese nshobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe nyuma ya colectomy?

Yego, abantu benshi basubira mu bikorwa byabo bisanzwe kandi bakagira ubuzima bwiza nyuma yo kubagwa colectomy. Nubwo ushobora gukenera guhindura bimwe mu byo kurya, mubisanzwe urashobora kurya ibiryo byinshi, gukora imyitozo, gukora, no kwitabira ibikorwa ukunda.

Uburyo bwo gukira bufata igihe, ariko abantu benshi basanga ibimenyetso byabo bigabanuka cyane nyuma yo kubagwa. Itsinda ryawe ryita ku buzima rizagufasha gukora ingamba zo guhangana n'imbogamizi zikomeje.

Q.4 Ese nzakenera umufuka wa colostomy nyuma ya colectomy?

Abantu benshi babazwe colectomy ntibakeneye umufuka wa colostomy w'iteka. Mu bihe byinshi, umuganga wawe ashobora guhuza ibice by'amara yawe afite ubuzima bwiza, bikagufasha kugira imyitwarire isanzwe yo mu mara.

Rimwe na rimwe colostomy y'agateganyo irakenewe kugirango amara yawe akire neza, ariko ibi bikunze gukorwa mu kubagwa kwa kabiri. Umuganga wawe azaganira niba colostomy ishobora kuba ngombwa mu bihe byawe byihariye.

Q.5 Bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango ukire neza colectomy?

Gukira neza colectomy mubisanzwe bifata ibyumweru 6 kugeza kuri 12, nubwo uzumva urushaho kumera neza muri iki gihe. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu kazi ko ku meza mu byumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4 no gusubira mu bikorwa byose bisanzwe mu byumweru 6 kugeza kuri 8.

Igihe cyo gukira kwawe giterwa n'ibintu nk'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, urugero rwo kubagwa kwawe, niba ufite ibibazo. Gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe no kwitaho bizafasha kumenya neza ko ukira neza.