Icyo gupima imibiri irwanya COVID-19 aricyo? Impamvu, Urwego/Uburyo & Ibivamo

Gupima imibiri irwanya COVID-19 bireba niba umubiri wawe wararemye imibiri irwanya virusi ya SARS-CoV-2. Iyi mibiri irwanya indwara ni poroteyine umubiri wawe ukora kugirango urwanye indwara, kandi ishobora kumara mu maraso yawe amezi cyangwa imyaka nyuma yo kwandura cyangwa gukingirwa.

Tekereza imibiri irwanya indwara nk'abashinzwe umutekano w'umubiri wawe bibuka uko virusi isa. Iyo ukora isuzuma ry'imibiri irwanya COVID-19, abaganga baba babaza umubiri wawe niba warigeze uhura n'iyi virusi, haba mu buryo bwa kamere cyangwa gukingirwa.

Gupima imibiri irwanya COVID-19 ni iki?

Gupima imibiri irwanya COVID-19 ni isuzuma rikorerwa mu maraso rishakisha poroteyine zihariye umubiri wawe ukora iyo urwanya coronavirus. Bitandukanye n'ibizamini bya PCR bisuzuma virusi ikora, ibizamini by'imibiri irwanya indwara byerekana niba warigeze urwara COVID-19 cyangwa warakingiwe.

Umubiri wawe ukora ubwoko butandukanye bw'imibiri irwanya indwara mu bihe bitandukanye. Iby'ingenzi abaganga bashakisha ni imibiri irwanya IgM, iboneka mbere mugihe cyo kwandura, na IgG, ikura nyuma kandi ikamara igihe kirekire. Ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bisuzuma kandi imibiri irwanya IgA, iboneka ahantu nko mu mazuru no mu muhogo.

Ibi bizamini byitwa kandi ibizamini bya serology kuko bisuzuma serumu y'amaraso yawe. Ibivamo birashobora gufasha wowe n'umuganga wawe gusobanukirwa uburyo umubiri wawe witwara kuri COVID-19, nubwo bitakubwira niba wanduye ubu cyangwa utazandura mu gihe kizaza.

Kuki gupima imibiri irwanya COVID-19 bikorwa?

Gupima imibiri irwanya COVID-19 bifasha gusubiza niba warigeze uhura na virusi mbere, kabone niyo utigeze ugira ibimenyetso. Abantu benshi bifuza kumenya niba barigeze barwara COVID-19 batabizi, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro z'icyorezo igihe ibizamini bitariho cyane.

Abaganga rimwe na rimwe bakoresha ibi bizami kugira ngo bamenye uko umubiri wawe witwaye nyuma yo gukingirwa. Niba urwaye indwara idafite ubwirinzi buhagije cyangwa ufata imiti igira ingaruka ku bwirinzi, muganga wawe ashobora kwifuza kureba niba umubiri wawe warakoze imisemburo ihagije nyuma yo gukingirwa.

Abashakashatsi kandi bakoresha ibizamini by'imisemburo ku rwego rwagutse kugira ngo bige uko virusi ikwirakwira mu baturage. Iyi makuru afasha abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima rusange gusobanukirwa n'uko ubwandu bukwirakwira no gufata ibyemezo ku bijyanye n'ingamba zo kwirinda.

Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko kugira imisemburo ntibishingiye ko utazongera kurwara COVID-19. Urwego rw'imisemburo yawe rushobora guhinduka uko igihe kigenda, kandi ubwoko bushya bwa virusi bushobora kwirinda igice cyo kurinda kuva mu bwandu bwa mbere cyangwa gukingirwa.

Ni iki gikurikizwa mu gupima imisemburo ya COVID-19?

Uburyo bwo gupima imisemburo ya COVID-19 buroroshye kandi busa n'ibindi bizami by'amaraso ushobora kuba warakoze mbere. Ibizamini byinshi bisaba icyitegererezo gito cy'amaraso akururwa mu urugingo rwawe ukoresheje urushinge.

Ibi nibyo bikunda kuba mu gihe cyo guhura na muganga:

1. Umukozi w'ubuvuzi azahanagura ukuboko kwawe akoresheje umuti wica udukoko
2. Bazazunguruka agahuzu ku kuboko kwawe kugira ngo imitsi yawe irusheho kugaragara
3. Urushinge ruto ruzashyirwa mu urugingo kugira ngo rukure amaraso mu giti
4. Urushinge rukurwaho kandi agahuzu kashyirwa ahantu hakorewe
5. Icyitegererezo cyawe cy'amaraso cyoherezwa muri laboratori kugira ngo kigenzurwe

Ibizami bishya bikoresha gusa urutoki kugira ngo bakusanye igitonyanga gito cy'amaraso, bishobora koroha cyane. Uburyo bwose hamwe busanzwe bufata iminota itarenze itanu, kandi urashobora gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe ako kanya.

Ibisubizo bisanzwe biza nyuma y'iminsi mike, nubwo ibizamini byihuse bishobora gutanga ibisubizo mu minota nka 15. Muganga wawe azasobanura icyo ibisubizo byawe byihariye bisobanura ku miterere yawe.

Ni gute witegura gupimisha imisemburo yawe ya COVID-19?

Kitegura kugira ikizamini cyo kureba uko umubiri wawe wabyakiriye COVID-19 biroroshye kuko nta kintu na kimwe ugomba kubanza gukora. Urashobora kurya no kunywa nk'ibisanzwe, kandi ntugomba kwiyiriza nk'uko bishobora kuba bimeze ku bindi bizamini by'amaraso.

Ugomba gukomeza gufata imiti yawe isanzwe keretse muganga wawe akubwiye ibitandukanye. Imiti myinshi ntigira icyo ihindura ku ngaruka z'ikizamini cyo kureba uko umubiri wawe wabyakiriye, bityo ntugomba guhagarika ikintu icyo aricyo cyose uri gufata ubu.

Ni byiza kwambara ishati ifite amaboko ashobora kuzamurwa byoroshye, kuko igikorwa cyo kuvana amaraso gikorerwa mu kuboko. Niba ufite amateka yo guta umutwe igihe amaraso avanwa, bimenyeshe umuganga kugira ngo ashobore kugushyira hasi igihe icyo gikorwa kiba kigikorwa.

Wibuke kuzana urutonde rw'inkingo zose za COVID-19 wahawe, harimo n'amatariki n'ubwoko bwazo. Iri somo rifasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa neza ingaruka z'ikizamini cyawe, cyane cyane ko inkingo zishobora kugira icyo zihindura ku rwego rw'imisemburo irwanya indwara.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo by'ikizamini cyawe cyo kureba uko umubiri wawe wabyakiriye COVID-19?

Gusoma ibisubizo by'ikizamini cyawe cyo kureba uko umubiri wawe wabyakiriye COVID-19 biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ikizamini wahawe n'icyo muganga wawe ashaka kureba. Ingaruka nyinshi zizerekana niba buri bwoko bw'imisemburo irwanya indwara yageragejwe ari myiza, mibi, cyangwa iri hagati.

Ingaruka nziza bisobanura ko imisemburo irwanya indwara yagaragaye mu maraso yawe, bikerekana ko wahuye na COVID-19 binyuze mu kwandura cyangwa gukingirwa. Ikizamini gishobora kwerekana imibare cyangwa urwego runaka, ariko icy'ingenzi ni niba ufite imisemburo irwanya indwara igaragara.

Ingaruka mbi bisobanura ko nta misemburo irwanya indwara yabonetse, bishobora gusobanura ibintu bitandukanye. Ushobora kuba utaranduye COVID-19, cyangwa wanduye ariko urwego rw'imisemburo irwanya indwara rwagabanutse munsi y'urwego rugaragara. Abantu bamwe ntibakora igisubizo gikomeye cy'imisemburo irwanya indwara kabone n'iyo banduye cyangwa bahawe inkingo.

Ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bitanga ibisubizo bidasobanutse cyangwa bidafashe neza, bivuze ko urwego rw'abasirikare b'umubiri ruri ku rugero rwo hejuru rwo kubisobanura. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gusubiramo ikizamini cyangwa gukora ikindi kizamini kugira ngo ubone ishusho isobanutse.

Wibuke ko urwego rw'abasirikare b'umubiri ruhinduka mu buryo busanzwe uko igihe kigenda. Urwego rwo hejuru ntibisobanura ko urinzwe neza, kandi urwego rwo hasi ntibisobanura ko utarinzwe, kuko umubiri wawe ufite ubundi buryo bwo kurwanya indwara.

Ni gute wakongera imbaraga z'abasirikare b'umubiri ba COVID-19?

Gushyigikira ubushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukora abasirikare b'umubiri bikubiyemo imyitwarire myiza yo mu buzima ituma imbaraga z'umubiri zikora neza. Kuryama bihagije, kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri, no gucunga umunaniro byose bifasha umubiri wawe gukora neza.

Niba ukeneye gukingirwa COVID-19 cyangwa kongera urukingo, kugendana n'ibitekerezo bishobora gufasha gukomeza urwego rw'abasirikare b'umubiri. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama ku gihe cyiza gishingiye ku buzima bwawe n'inkingo wahawe mbere.

Imyitozo ngororamubiri ya buri gihe ishobora gukomeza imbaraga z'umubiri wawe, ariko irinde gukora imyitozo ikomeye mbere cyangwa nyuma yo gukingirwa, kuko ibi bishobora guhungabanya by'agateganyo ubushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gusubiza. Ibikorwa byoroheje nk'ukugenda cyangwa yoga yoroheje mubisanzwe birakwiriye.

Imiti imwe n'imwe n'indwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'abasirikare b'umubiri. Niba ufata imiti igabanya imbaraga z'umubiri cyangwa ufite indwara zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umubiri, korana na muganga wawe kugira ngo utunganye neza ibisubizo byawe ku nkingo mugihe ucunga ibyifuzo byawe by'ubuzima bw'ibanze.

Ni iki gitera ibyago byo kugira abasirikare b'umubiri ba COVID-19 bake?

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukora abasirikare b'umubiri bakomeye kuri COVID-19. Imyaka igira uruhare runini, kuko abantu bakuze akenshi bagira imbaraga nke z'umubiri kandi bashobora gukora abasirikare b'umubiri bake nyuma yo kwandura cyangwa gukingirwa.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kugabanya umubare w'amasasu, kandi ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko ibi bitagaragaza kunanirwa kw'umuntu ku giti cye ahubwo uko imibiri itandukanye yitwara ku ngorane z'ubudahangarwa:

• Indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa nk'indwara ya rheumatoid arthritis cyangwa lupus
• Ubukana, cyane cyane kanseri z'amaraso nka leukemia cyangwa lymphoma
• Indwara ya kronike y'impyiko cyangwa indwara y'umwijima
• Diyabete, cyane cyane niba urugero rw'isukari mu maraso rutagenzurwa neza
• Udukoko twa SIDA cyangwa izindi ndwara zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubudahangarwa

Imiti nayo ishobora kugira ingaruka ku rwego rw'amasasu, cyane cyane iyo igenewe gukumira imikorere y'ubudahangarwa. Ibi birimo imiti ya steroid, imiti ya chimiotherapie, n'imiti ivura indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa. Niba ufata iyi miti, muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugirango agereranye ibyo ukeneye kuvurwa no kurengerwa n'ubudahangarwa.

Ibintu by'imibereho nk'umunaniro udakira, imirire mibi, kutaryama bihagije, no kunywa inzoga nyinshi nabyo bishobora guca intege ubudahangarwa bwawe. Ibi bintu akenshi biba mu maboko yawe kandi bishobora gukemurwa kugirango bishyigikire umubare mwiza w'amasasu.

Ese biruta kugira amasasu menshi cyangwa make ya COVID-19?

Ubusanzwe urwego rwo hejuru rw'amasasu rutanga igitekerezo cy'ubudahangarwa bukomeye, ariko umubano uri hagati y'urwego rw'amasasu no kurengerwa ntugenda neza. Kugira amasasu agaragara muri rusange biruta kutagira na kimwe, ariko urwego rwo hejuru cyane ntirwumvikana neza kuruta urwego rwo hejuru ruciriritse.

Ubudahangarwa bwawe ni bugoye kandi amasasu ni igice kimwe cyo kurengerwa na COVID-19. Unawe T-cells n'ibindi bice by'ubudahangarwa bitanga kurengerwa, kandi ibi ntibipimwa n'ibizamini by'amasasu. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kugira kurengerwa neza nubwo ufite urwego ruto rw'amasasu.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukugira udukorombya tugaragara, bikerekana ko umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa wahuye na virusi kandi bishobora gusubiza vuba niba wongera guhura nayo. Umubare nyawo ntacyo umaze ugereranije no kugira igisubizo cy'ubudahangarwa.

Udukorombya tw'umubiri twiyongera cyane rimwe na rimwe nyuma yo kwandura vuba cyangwa gukingirwa, kandi ibi bikunda kugabanuka uko igihe kigenda, bikagera ku rwego rushoboka. Ibi bigabanuka ni ibisanzwe kandi ntibisobanura ko uri gutakaza uburinzi.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'udukorombya duke twa COVID-19?

Kugira udukorombya duke cyangwa tutagaragara twa COVID-19 ahanini bisobanura ko ushobora kugira uburinzi buke ku bandura mu gihe kizaza. Ariko, ibi ntibisobanura ko uzarwara niba wahuye nayo, kuko umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa ufite uburyo bwinshi bwo kurwanya indwara.

Abantu bafite udukorombya duke bashobora kwandura cyane, cyane cyane niba hari ubwoko bushya bwa virusi. Ariko, niyo wandura, umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa ushobora gusubiza vuba bihagije kugirango wirinde kurwara bikabije.

Ingaruka nyamukuru ni uko ushobora gukenera kwitonda cyane ku byago byo guhura nayo, cyane cyane niba uri mu itsinda riri mu kaga gakomeye ka COVID-19. Ibi bishobora gusobanura gukomeza kwambara agapfukamunwa ahantu hari abantu benshi cyangwa kwirinda amateraniro manini mu gihe cyo kwandura cyane mu baturage.

Niba ufite udukorombya duke bitewe n'indwara cyangwa imiti, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba doze zindi z'urukingo cyangwa igihe gitandukanye cyo kongera gukingirwa. Abantu bamwe bungukirwa no kongera doze kugirango bafashe umubiri wabo w'ubudahangarwa kubaka uburinzi bwiza.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'udukorombya twinshi twa COVID-19?

Kugira udukorombya twinshi twa COVID-19 muri rusange ntaho bihuriye n'ingaruka cyangwa ibibazo by'ubuzima. Urwego rwo hejuru rukunda kwerekana igisubizo gikomeye cy'ubudahangarwa, akaba ari byiza mu kurinda kwandura mu gihe kizaza.

Mu buryo buke cyane, abantu bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso birambye nyuma yo kwandura COVID-19 nubwo bafite urwego rwo hejuru rw'abasirikare b'umubiri. Ibi rimwe na rimwe byitwa "COVID ndende" kandi bisa nkaho bifitanye isano n'izindi nzitizi z'umubiri aho kuba urwego rw'abasirikare b'umubiri ubwabo.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane, urwego rwo hejuru cyane rw'abasirikare b'umubiri rushobora guhuzwa n'inzitizi z'umubiri aho umubiri w'umuntu ukabya. Ariko, ibi ntibisanzwe kandi akenshi bifitanye isano n'izindi ngorane zishingiye ku buzima aho kuba abasirikare b'umubiri ubwabo.

Urwego rwo hejuru rw'abasirikare b'umubiri ntirusanzwe gusaba ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose cyangwa gukora ikintu. Akenshi bigabanuka mu buryo busanzwe uko igihe kigenda gihita uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza kugira ubuzima bwiza mu gihe urinda indwara ya virusi.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga kugira ngo ngerageze abasirikare b'umubiri ba COVID-19?

Ukwiriye gutekereza kuvugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye no kugerageza abasirikare b'umubiri ba COVID-19 niba ushaka kumenya niba warigeze kwandura, cyane cyane niba wari ufite ibimenyetso ariko ntiwigeze ugeragezwa. Iri somo rishobora kugufasha na muganga wawe gufata ibyemezo byiza ku buzima bwawe.

Niba ufite ubumuga bwo kwirinda indwara cyangwa ufata imiti igira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe wirinda indwara, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kugerageza abasirikare b'umubiri kugira ngo arebe uko witwaye ku rukingo. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya niba ukeneye doze zindi z'urukingo cyangwa izindi ngamba zo kwirinda.

Abakozi bo mu buvuzi, abarimu, cyangwa abandi bakora imirimo ikora cyane bashobora kungukirwa no kumenya uko abasirikare b'umubiri bahagaze kugira ngo bafate ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku bijyanye n'ingamba zindi. Ariko, wibuke ko igeragezwa ry'abasirikare b'umubiri ritagomba gusimbura izindi ngamba zo kwirinda nk'urukingo.

Ukwiriye kandi kuganira ku igeragezwa na muganga wawe niba uteganya gukora ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi, urugendo, cyangwa ibindi bikorwa aho kumenya uko umubiri wawe wirinda indwara bishobora kugira akamaro. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusobanura ibisubizo mu rwego rw'icyo kibazo cyawe cyihariye n'ibikenewe by'ubuzima.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no kugerageza abasirikare b'umubiri ba COVID-19

Q.1 Ese gupima imibiri irwanya COVID-19 bifasha kumenya ubudahangarwa?

Gupima imibiri irwanya COVID-19 bishobora kugaragaza niba urugingo rw'umubiri rwawe rwaritabiriye virusi, ariko ntibigaragaza neza ubudahangarwa. Kugira imibiri irwanya indwara bigaragaza urwego runaka rwo kurengerwa, ariko ntituzi neza urugero rwo kurengerwa urwego rutandukanye rw'imibiri irwanya indwara rutanga cyangwa igihe urwo rurengerwa rumara.

Urugingo rw'umubiri rwawe rukoresha ibirenze imibiri irwanya indwara gusa mu kurwanya indwara. Uturemangingo twa T n'ibindi bigize urugingo rw'umubiri nabyo bitanga uburinzi, kandi ibyo ntibipimwa n'ibizamini by'imibiri irwanya indwara. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kugira uburinzi bwiza nubwo ufite urwego ruto rw'imibiri irwanya indwara.

Q.2 Ese urwego ruto rw'imibiri irwanya COVID-19 rutera kwandura cyane?

Urugero ruto rw'imibiri irwanya indwara rushobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura COVID-19, ariko ntibigaragaza neza ko uzarwara. Urugingo rw'umubiri rwawe rufite uburyo bwinshi bwo kurengerwa, kandi imibiri irwanya indwara ni igice kimwe cyo kwirinda.

Abantu bafite imibiri irwanya indwara mike bashobora kurushaho kwandura, ariko baracyarindirwa indwara zikomeye. Umubano uri hagati y'urwego rw'imibiri irwanya indwara n'ibyago byo kwandura ni uruhurirane kandi biterwa n'ibintu byinshi birimo ubwoko bwa virusi n'ubuzima bw'umuntu ku giti cye.

Q.3 Ese gupima imibiri irwanya COVID-19 byasimbura gupima bisanzwe?

Gupima imibiri irwanya COVID-19 ntigushobora gusimbura gupima virusi bisanzwe nka PCR cyangwa ibizamini bya antigen. Ibizamini by'imibiri irwanya indwara bigaragaza uko wahuye n'indwara cyangwa uko urukingo rwakiriwe, mu gihe ibizamini bya virusi bigaragaza icyorezo kiriho.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso cyangwa wahuye na COVID-19, ukeneye igizamini cya virusi kugira ngo umenye niba urwaye ubu. Ibizamini by'imibiri irwanya indwara ntibizakubwira niba wanduza abandi cyangwa ukeneye kwitandukanya n'abandi.

Q.4 Imibiri irwanya COVID-19 imara igihe kingana iki mu mubiri wawe?

Imitsi ya COVID-19 isanzwe imara amezi menshi kugeza ku mwaka urenga, ariko igihe nyacyo kiratandukana cyane hagati y'abantu. Abantu bamwe bagumana imitsi ishobora kugaragara mu mezi menshi, mu gihe abandi babona urwego rwayo rugabanuka vuba.

Urwego rw'imitsi rusanzwe rugabanuka uko igihe kigenda, ibyo bisanzwe ku ndwara nyinshi zandura. Ibi ntibisobanura ko watakaje uburinzi bwose, kuko urwego rwawe rw'ubwirinzi rushobora kwibuka virusi rugahita rwitwara neza niba wongera kuyihura.

Q.5 Mbese hari ingaruka zituruka ku gupima imitsi ya COVID-19?

Gupima imitsi ya COVID-19 ntigira ingaruka nyinshi kuko ni ukugufata amaraso gusa. Ushobora kumva ububabare bucye cyangwa gusa nabi ahantu urushinge rwashyiriweho, kimwe n'izindi igeragezwa ry'amaraso.

Abantu bamwe bumva bacitse intege cyangwa bagahungabana mugihe bafatirwa amaraso, ariko ibi bikunze kuba byihuse kandi ntibiteje akaga. Niba ufite amateka yo gucika intege mugihe cyo kuvurwa, bimenyeshe umukozi w'ubuvuzi kugirango bafate ingamba zikwiye.