Ni iki cyitwa Craniotomy? Impamvu, Uburyo & Gukira

Craniotomy ni uburyo bwo kubaga aho umuganga akuraho igice cy'igihanga cyawe by'agateganyo kugira ngo agere ku bwonko bwawe. Iri funguka rifasha abaganga kuvura indwara zitandukanye zo mu bwonko mu gihe barinda imitsi ikikije uko bishoboka kose.

Bitekereze nk'ukugurura idirishya witonze kugira ngo ugere ku kintu kiri imbere, hanyuma ugasubiza inyuma. Igice cy'igufwa gikurwaho cyitwa igice cy'igufwa, kandi akenshi gisubizwa ahantu hacyo mu mpera z'ububaga.

Ni iki cyitwa craniotomy?

Craniotomy ni ubuganga bwo mu bwonko bukubiyemo gufungura igihanga cyawe. Ijambo riva kuri "cranium" (igihanga) na "tomy" (gukata), ariko ni byiza cyane kuruta uko bisa.

Muri ubu buryo, umuganga wawe w'imitsi y'ubwonko akora idirishya ry'agateganyo mu gihanga cyawe. Ibi bibaha uburenganzira bwo kugera ku mitsi yawe y'ubwonko, imitsi y'amaraso, cyangwa ibindi bice bikeneye kuvurwa. Igice cy'igufwa gikurwaho gitunganywa neza kandi akenshi cyongerwa mu mpera z'imirimo.

Ubu bwoko bwo kubaga bukorerwa ahantu hacungwa cyane hamwe n'ibikoresho byihariye. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga ribarizwamo abaganga b'imitsi y'ubwonko, abaganga b'ibitotsi, n'abaforomo bahawe imyitozo idasanzwe bakorera hamwe kugira ngo bakureho umutekano wawe muri ubu buryo.

Kuki craniotomy ikorwa?

Craniotomy ikorwa kugira ngo ivure indwara zitandukanye zo mu bwonko zitashobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butagira ingaruka nyinshi. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ubu buganga iyo izindi nshuti zitagize icyo zikora cyangwa iyo kugera ku bwonko bwawe byihutirwa.

Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo gukuraho ibibyimba byo mu bwonko, haba ibifite kanseri n'ibitayifite. Izi ndwara zirashobora gukandamiza imitsi y'ubwonko ifite ubuzima bwiza kandi bigatera ibimenyetso nk'umutwe, gufatwa n'indwara, cyangwa impinduka mu gutekereza no mu myitwarire.

Dore indwara zikomeye zishobora gusaba craniotomy:

• Udukozi two mu bwonko (twiza cyangwa twangiza)
• Udufuka tw'amaraso two mu bwonko twaturitse cyangwa dushobora guturika
• Uburwayi bw'imitsi y'amaraso idasanzwe (imitsi y'amaraso idasanzwe ihuza)
• Ubukomere bukomeye bwo mu mutwe bufite amaraso cyangwa kubyimba
• Udufuka tw'amaraso dusunikira ku bwonko
• Uburwayi bwa epilepsi butitabira imiti
• Indwara z'ibwonko cyangwa ibibyimba
• Ubumuga bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvuka bugira ingaruka ku bwonko

Muri make, craniotomy ishobora gukenerwa kugirango hashyirweho igikoresho cyo gushyira imbaraga mu bwonko cyangwa gukuraho ibintu byo hanze biva mu bikomere byo mu bwonko. Umuganga w'imitsi y'ubwonko azagereranya neza inyungu n'ibibazo mbere yo kugusaba iyi nzira.

Ni iki gikorerwa craniotomy?

Uburyo bwa craniotomy busanzwe bufata amasaha menshi kandi bukorerwa munsi ya anesthesia rusange. Ariko, mubihe bimwe na bimwe, ushobora kugumishwa maso mugihe cyo kubagwa kugirango abaganga babashe gukurikirana imikorere y'ubwonko bwawe mubihe nyabyo.

Itsinda ryawe ryabazungu rizakugira neza ku meza yo kubagira kandi rikamena umutwe wawe kugirango wirinde kwimuka. Agace aho igikomere kizakorwa karahanagurwa neza kandi kakarindwa kugirango wirinde indwara.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyintambwe nyamukuru yiyi nzira:

1. Umuvuzi abaga uruhu rwo ku mutwe wawe, akenshi akurikiza imirongo karemano y'uruhu kugira ngo agabanye imikwaro igaragara
2. Uruhu rwo ku mutwe rukururwa rwitonze kugira ngo rugaragaze igufa ryo munsi
3. Udufuka duto dutoborwa mu gihanga, hanyuma icyuma cyihariye gikatira hagati y'utwo dufuka kugira ngo hakorwe urubavu rw'igufa
4. Urubavu rw'igufa ruvanwaho rugashyirwa ahantu hatekanye, akenshi mu kintu cyica mikorobe
5. Uruhanga rurinda ubwonko (dura mater) rurafungurwa kugira ngo ubwonko bubashe kugerwaho
6. Kubaga ubwonko bikorwa nk'uko bikwiriye, haba gukuraho igituntu, gukora ku miyoboro y'amaraso, cyangwa kuvura izindi ndwara
7. Uruhanga (dura mater) rufungwa hakoreshejwe utwenda duto
8. Urubavu rw'igufa rushyirwa mu mwanya warwo hakoreshejwe ibyuma bito by'icyuma n'imisumari
9. Uruhu rwo ku mutwe rufungwa hakoreshejwe utwenda cyangwa ibyuma

Muri iki gikorwa cyose, ibimenyetso byawe by'ubuzima bikurikiranwa buri gihe. Itsinda ry'abaganga bakoresha uburyo bwo kugaragaza ishusho rigezweho n'uburyo bwo kuyobora kugira ngo bagaragaze neza kandi batekane.

Ni gute wakitegura kubagwa mu gihanga?

Kitegura kubagwa mu gihanga bikubiyemo intambwe z'ingenzi zifasha kugera ku musaruro mwiza. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagufasha mu byo ukeneye byose, ariko kumenya ibyo witegura bishobora kugufasha kugabanya impungenge zawe.

Bizaba ngombwa ko uhagarika gufata imiti imwe n'imwe mbere yo kubagwa, cyane cyane imiti igabanya amaraso nk'aspirine cyangwa warfarin. Iyi miti ishobora kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso mu gihe cyo kubagwa. Muganga wawe azakubwira neza igihe nyacyo cyo guhagarika buri muti.

Ingengabihe yawe yo kwitegura ikubiyemo izi ntambwe z'ingenzi:

• Gukora ibizamini byose mbere yo kubagwa, harimo ibizamini by'amaraso, X-ray y'igituza, rimwe na rimwe no gukoresha ibindi byuma bisuzuma ubwonko
• Gu hura n'umuganga w'ibijyanye no gutera urushinge rwo gutuma utagira ubwoba kugira ngo muganire ku mateka yawe y'ubuvuzi n'ikibazo icyo aricyo cyose ufite
• Guteganya umuntu uzagutwara akagusubiza mu rugo akagumana nawe mu minsi mike ya mbere nyuma yo kubagwa
• Kureka kurya no kunywa nyuma ya saa sita z'ijoro mbere y'umunsi wo kubagwa
• Koga ukoresheje isabune idasanzwe irwanya mikorobe yatanzwe n'ikipe yawe yo kubaga
• Gukuraho imitako yose, amavuta yo kwisiga, irangi ryo ku nzara, n'ibikoresho byo mu misatsi
• Kwambara imyenda yoroshye, yagutse, yoroshye gukuraho

Niba ufite umusatsi muremure, ikipe yawe yo kubaga ishobora gukenera kumogosha igice cy'umutwe wawe. Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo bagumane ahantu ho kubagirwa hadafite mikorobe kandi bagabanye ibyago byo kwandura. Umusatsi wawe uzongera kumera, nubwo bishobora gufata amezi menshi.

Ni ngombwa kandi gutegura urugo rwawe kugira ngo ukire. Uzakenera ahantu hatuje, heza aho ushobora kuruhukira nta gushishikazwa cyane n'urumuri cyangwa urusaku.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe byo kubagwa ubwonko?

Gusobanukirwa ibisubizo byawe byo kubagwa ubwonko bikubiyemo kureba ibyavuye mu kubagwa ako kanya n'ibyasanzweho mu gihe kirekire. Umuganga w'ubwonko wawe azasobanura icyakozwe mu gihe cyo kubagwa n'icyo icyitegererezo cyose cy'imitsi kigaragaza.

Nyuma yo kubagwa ako kanya, ikipe yawe y'abaganga izasuzuma uko igikorwa cyagenze neza. Bazareba niba intego yari igamijwe yagezweho, nko gukuraho burundu igituntu cyangwa gukora neza umuti w'indwara yo mu mutwe.

Niba imitsi yakuweho mu gihe cyo kubagwa, izoherezwa ku muganga w'indwara kugira ngo ayisuzume mu buryo burambuye. Iri suzuma rishobora gufata iminsi myinshi kugeza ku cyumweru, kandi ibisubizo bifasha kumenya niba hari ubundi buvuzi bukenewe.

Uburyo urimo gukira nabyo ni igice cy'"ibisubizo" byawe. Itsinda ry'abaganga bakuvura bazakurikiranira hafi imikorere y'imitsi yawe yo mu bwonko, harimo ubushobozi bwawe bwo kugenda, kuvuga, no gutekereza neza. Abantu benshi bahura n'impinduka zimwe na zimwe z'agateganyo nyuma yo kubagwa, ariko akenshi zikagenda zikemuka uko umubyimbirwe ugabanuka.

Ibizamini byo mu ishusho bikurikira, nk'ibizamini bya MRI cyangwa CT, akenshi biteganijwe kugira ngo barebe uko ubwonko bwawe burimo gukira. Ibi bizamini bifasha muganga wawe kureba niba hari ibibazo byavutse kandi niba imiti yarakize.

Ni gute wakwihutisha gukira nyuma yo kubagwa mu bwonko?

Gukira nyuma yo kubagwa mu bwonko ni inzira itinda bigasaba kwihangana no gukurikiza amabwiriza y'itsinda ry'abaganga bakuvura. Ubwonko bwawe bukeneye igihe cyo gukira, kandi kwihutisha iyi nzira bishobora gutera ibibazo.

Iminsi mike ya mbere nyuma yo kubagwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo ukire neza. Ushobora kumara igihe muri serivisi y'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa aho abaganga bashobora gukurikiranira hafi imikorere y'imitsi yawe yo mu bwonko no kureba ibimenyetso byose by'ibibazo.

Aha hari intambwe z'ingenzi zo gufasha gukira kwawe:

• Fata imiti wandikiwe neza nk'uko byategetswe, harimo n'imiti irwanya ibyuririzi niba byategetswe
• Guma ufite umutwe hejuru iyo uryamye kugira ngo ugabanye umubyimbirwe
• Irinde imirimo ikomeye, kuzamura ibintu biremereye, cyangwa kwunamira mu gihe cyagenwe na muganga wakubaze
• Witabe gahunda zose zo gukurikirana no gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe
• Guma ishyira ry'igikomere cyawe risukuye kandi ryumye ukurikije amabwiriza ya muganga wakubaze
• Fata ibiryo bifite intungamubiri kandi ugume unywa amazi kugira ngo ufashishe gukira
• Fata akaruhuko gahagije ariko kandi witabire ibikorwa byoroheje nk'uko byemejwe na muganga wawe
• Irinde inzoga no kunywa itabi, bishobora kubangamira gukira

Abantu bamwe bafashwa na serivisi zo kuvugurura ubuzima, harimo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, gukora imyitozo y'umwuga, cyangwa kuvura indimi. Izi serivisi zirashobora kugufasha kongera imbaraga n'ubuhanga bishobora kuba byaragizweho ingaruka n'uburwayi bwo mu bwonko bwawe cyangwa kubagwa.

Wibuke ko buri wese akira ku muvuduko we. Abantu bamwe bumva basubiye mu buryo busanzwe mu byumweru, mu gihe abandi bishobora kubatwara amezi kugira ngo bakire neza. Ibi byombi ni ibisanzwe, kandi itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagufasha muri urwo rugendo.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo byatewe no kubagwa mu mutwe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo mugihe cyangwa nyuma yo kubagwa mu mutwe. Kumva ibi bintu byongera ibyago bifasha itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga gufata ingamba zidasanzwe kandi bikagufasha kumenya icyo witegura.

Imyaka ni ikintu kimwe cy'ingenzi, kuko abantu bakuze bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo bitewe n'izindi ndwara z'ubuzima n'inzira yo gukira itinda. Ariko, imyaka yonyine ntibuza umuntu kubagwa mu mutwe neza.

Ubuzima bwawe muri rusange bugira uruhare runini mu kumenya urwego rw'ibyago byawe. Hano hari ibintu byongera ibyago by'ingenzi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kubagwa kwawe:

• Kubagwa mu bwonko cyangwa ibikomere byo mu mutwe byabayeho mbere
• Indwara z'umutima cyangwa ibibazo byo gutembera kw'amaraso
• Urubuto cyangwa izindi ndwara z'imikorere y'umubiri
• Indwara zo kuva amaraso cyangwa gufata imiti ituma amaraso ataguma
• Indwara z'impyiko cyangwa umwijima
• Umunyinya cyangwa gukoresha inzoga nyinshi
• Umubyibuho ukabije, ushobora kugira ingaruka ku buvuzi no gukira
• Indwara ziterwa n'umubiri w'umuntu wivugurura zikagira ingaruka ku gukira

Aho igice cy'ubwonko kigomba kubagirwa n'ubunini bwacyo nabyo bigira uruhare mu byago. Imirimo ikorerwa mu bice bigenzura imikorere y'ingenzi nk'ijambo, kugenda, cyangwa guhumeka bisaba ubushishozi bwihariye kandi bishobora gutera ibyago byinshi.

Umuvuzi w'imitsi yawe azasuzuma neza ibi bintu byose mbere yo kugusaba kubagwa. Bazakorana nawe kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago kandi bongere amahirwe yawe yo kugira umusaruro mwiza.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora kuvuka nyuma yo kubaga umutwe?

Nubwo kubaga umutwe muri rusange bifite umutekano iyo bikozwe n'abaganga babishoboye mu bijyanye n'imitsi yo mu bwonko, nk'uko biba bimeze ku kubaga gukomeye, bifite ibyago bimwe na bimwe. Kumva neza izi ngorane zishobora kuvuka birashobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo bifitiye umumaro kandi ukamenya ibimenyetso byo kwitondera mugihe cyo gukira.

Abantu benshi babazwe umutwe ntibagira ingorane zikomeye, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ibishobora kubaho. Itsinda ry'abaganga bakora imirimo yo kubaga rifata ingamba nyinshi zo kugabanya ibi byago.

Dore ingorane zishobora kuvuka, kuva ku zikunda kugaragara kugeza ku zitagaragara cyane:

• Ukubyimba hirya no hino y'ubwonko (cerebral edema), akenshi bikemurwa n'imiti n'igihe
• Udukoko ahantu habazwe cyangwa imbere mu gice cy'ubwonko
• Ukuva amaraso mu bwonko cyangwa hirya no hino yabwo
• Udukorwa, dushobora kubaho nubwo utigeze ugira
• Amabuye y'amaraso mu maguru cyangwa mu muhogo
• Impinduka z'agateganyo cyangwa zihoraho mu mikorere y'ubwonko, harimo ibibazo byo kwibuka, kuvuga, cyangwa kugenda
• Uko umubiri witwara ku miti yo gutera urugimbu
• Umutima watewe n'uko imitsi y'amaraso yangiritse

Ingorane zimwe na zimwe zitagaragara ariko zikomeye zirimo ubwonko bwo mu mutwe, aho ukubyimba gutuma igice cy'ubwonko cyimuka, no kuva k'urugimbu rwo mu bwonko ruhoraho. Izi ngorane ntizisanzwe ariko zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga niba bibaye.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagukurikiranira hafi ibimenyetso by'ingorane kandi rikurikizeho vuba niba hari ibibazo bivutse. Ingorane nyinshi zirashobora kuvurwa neza niba zamenyekanye hakiri kare, niyo mpamvu gukurikiza amabwiriza yawe nyuma yo kubagwa ari ngombwa cyane.

Nkwiriye kubona umuganga ryari nyuma yo kubagwa umutwe?

Kumenya igihe cyo kuvugana n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga nyuma yo kubagwa umutwe ni ngombwa ku mutekano wawe no gukira. Nubwo kutumva neza no guhinduka bimwe bisanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa ubwonko, ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bisaba ubufasha bwihuse.

Ugomba guhamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba wumva kubabara umutwe bikabije kutavurwa n'imiti yagenewe kugabanya ububabare. Nubwo kubabara umutwe bishobora kwitezwa nyuma yo kubagwa mu mutwe, kurushaho kubabara bishobora kwerekana ibibazo nk'amaraso cyangwa kongera umuvuduko mu bwonko.

Dore ibimenyetso byo kwitondera bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga:

• Umutwe udatunguye, ukabije, urushijeho cyane kubabara usanzwe wumva nyuma yo kubagwa
• Urugimbu rudahoraho no kuruka
• Kugira intege nke mu maboko cyangwa mu maguru
• Kugorana kuvuga cyangwa kumva ibyo uvuga
• Uduheri cyangwa ibibazo byo gufatwa
• Urubavu rwinshi (rurenze 101°F cyangwa 38.3°C)
• Gusinzira cyane cyangwa kugorana gukanguka
• Amazi asobanutse ava mu mazuru yawe cyangwa aho bagukoreye
• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura aho bagukoreye, nk'ukongera gutukura, gushyuha, cyangwa gusa n'ibishyira

Ugomba kandi guhamagara muganga wawe kubera ibimenyetso bitihutirwa ariko biteye impungenge nk'izunguzungu rihoraho, impinduka mu mbono, cyangwa impinduka mu mico isa n'aho idasanzwe kuri wowe. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kwerekana ibibazo bisaba isuzuma.

Ntugashidikanye guhamagara ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi niba utazi neza ibimenyetso byose. Bakunda kukugenzura bakabona ko byose bisanzwe kuruta ko utegereza igihe kirekire kugira ngo ushake ubufasha kubera ikibazo gikomeye.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no kubagwa mu mutwe

Q.1 Ese kubagwa mu mutwe bifasha kuvura ibibyimba byo mu bwonko?

Yego, kubagwa mu mutwe akenshi ni uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ibibyimba byo mu bwonko. Bituma abaganga bakuraho ibibyimba mu gihe barinda umubiri wose w'ubwonko bushoboka. Ku bwoko bwinshi bw'ibibyimba byo mu bwonko, gukuraho ibibyimba hakoreshejwe kubagwa mu mutwe bitanga amahirwe meza yo gukira cyangwa kugenzura igihe kirekire.

Intsinzi yo kubagwa mu mutwe kubera ibibyimba byo mu bwonko biterwa n'ibintu nk'aho ikibyimba giherereye, ubunini bwacyo, n'ubwoko bwacyo. Ibice bimwe na bimwe bishobora gukurwaho rwose, mu gihe ibindi bishobora gusaba izindi nshuti nk'imirasire cyangwa imiti ivura kanseri nyuma yo kubagwa.

Q.2 Ese kubaga umutwe bitera ubumuga burundu mu bwonko?

Abantu benshi ntibagira ubumuga burundu mu bwonko nyuma yo kubagwa umutwe iyo kubaga bikozwe n'abaganga b'inzobere mu kubaga imitsi yo mu bwonko. Ariko, buri gihe habaho ibyago byo guhinduka by'agateganyo cyangwa burundu mu mikorere y'ubwonko, bitewe n'agace k'ubwonko karimo kubagwa.

Ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zirambye akenshi biba bike cyane ugereranije n'ibyago byo kutavura indwara yo mu bwonko. Muganga wawe w'inzobere mu kubaga imitsi yo mu bwonko azaganira nawe kuri ibyo byago byihariye bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Q.3 Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire nyuma yo kubagwa umutwe?

Igihe cyo koroherwa kiratandukana cyane bitewe n'uburyo kubaga kwawe byari bigoye ndetse n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa byoroheje mu byumweru 2-4, ariko gukira neza bishobora gufata amezi menshi.

Birashoboka ko uzagomba kwirinda ibikorwa biremereye mu byumweru 6-8, kandi abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera serivisi zo kuvugurura kugira ngo bongere kubona ubushobozi runaka. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizatanga ingengabihe yihariye ishingiye ku kibazo cyawe.

Q.4 Nzakanguka mu gihe cyo kubagwa umutwe?

Kubaga umutwe kenshi bikorwa hakoreshejwe imiti ituma umuntu asinzira, bivuze ko uzaba utazi ibikubaho. Ariko, uburyo bumwe na bumwe busaba kubagwa umutwe umuntu azirikana, aho uba uzirikana mu gihe cyo kubaga kugira ngo abaganga babashe gupima imikorere y'ubwonko mu gihe nyacyo.

Niba kubagwa umutwe umuntu azirikana byasabwe, itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizasobanura impamvu bibaye ngombwa n'icyo witegura. Gufungura igihanga ubwacyo bikorwa mu gihe uri mu miti ikugabanya ubwenge, bityo ntuzumva ububabare mu gihe cyo kubagwa.

Q.5 Nshobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa umutwe?

Abantu benshi basubira mu buzima busanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa umutwe, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera gukora impinduka zimwe na zimwe. Ibyo uzageraho biterwa n'impamvu yo kubagwa, aho kubaga byakorewe, n'uburyo ukira neza.

Abantu bamwe barushaho kumva bameze neza nyuma yo kubagwa, cyane cyane niba uburyo bwakoreshejwe bwaravuyeho indwara nka kanseri yo mu bwonko cyangwa ibibazo byo gufatwa n'urugingo. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazakorana nawe kugirango bagufashe kwisubiranya neza kandi bagufashe kugera ku buzima bwiza bushoboka.