Echocardiogram ni iki? Impamvu, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Echocardiogram ni isuzuma ryizewe, ritagira ububabare rikoresha imiraba y'amajwi kugira ngo rikorere amashusho yimuka y'umutima wawe. Tekereza nk'uko ari ultrasound y'umutima wawe - ikoranabuhanga rimwe abaganga bakoresha kugira ngo barebe abana bari mu nda. Iri suzuma rifasha muganga wawe kureba uko umutima wawe utera amaraso neza no kureba ibibazo byose by'imiterere y'ibyumba by'umutima wawe, imitsi, cyangwa inkuta.

Echocardiogram ni iki?

Echocardiogram ikoresha imiraba y'amajwi afite ubushobozi bwo hejuru yitwa ultrasound kugira ngo ikore amashusho y'umutima wawe mu gihe nyacyo. Iri suzuma ryerekana umutima wawe utera kandi utera amaraso, riha abaganga ishusho isobanutse y'imiterere n'imikorere y'umutima wawe. Bitandukanye na X-rays cyangwa CT scans, echocardiograms ntikoresha imirasire, ibituma biba byiza rwose kubantu b'imyaka yose.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa echocardiograms, ariko isanzwe ni transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Muri iri suzuma, umukanishi ashyira igikoresho gito cyitwa transducer ku gituza cyawe. Transducer yohereza imiraba y'amajwi anyuze mu rukuta rw'igituza cyawe ujya ku mutima wawe, kandi amajwi asubira inyuma akora amashusho arambuye kuri ecran ya mudasobwa.

Kuki echocardiogram ikorwa?

Abaganga bategeka echocardiograms kugira ngo basuzume ibibazo by'umutima no gukurikirana ubuzima bw'umutima. Iri suzuma rishobora kumenya ibibazo bifitanye isano n'ubushobozi bwo gutera kw'umutima wawe, imikorere y'imitsi, n'imiterere yose. Ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'agaciro cyane abaganga b'umutima bafite mu gusuzuma no gucunga indwara z'umutima.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba echocardiogram niba urimo guhura n'ibimenyetso bishobora kwerekana ibibazo by'umutima. Ibi bimenyetso akenshi bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Urubavu cyangwa kutumva neza
• Kugufiha mu gihe cy'imirimo isanzwe
• Kunanirwa cyangwa intege nke bidasanzwe
• Ukubura mu maguru yawe, mu birenge, cyangwa mu birenge
• Umutima utera nabi cyangwa umutima utera cyane
• Kuribwa umutwe cyangwa guta ubwenge

Usibye isuzuma ry'ibimenyetso, echocardiograms ifasha abaganga gukurikirana indwara z'umutima zisanzweho no kureba uko imiti ikora neza. Echocardiograms isanzwe ishobora gukurikirana impinduka mu mikorere y'umutima wawe uko igihe kigenda.

Iri gerageza rifite akamaro kandi mu kumenya indwara zitandukanye z'umutima, kuva ku zisanzwe kugeza ku zitazwi cyane. Indwara zisanzwe zirimo ibibazo by'imitsi y'umutima, aho imitsi idafunguka cyangwa ngo ifunge neza, no kunanuka kw'imitsi y'umutima yitwa cardiomyopathy. Indwara zitazwi cyane ariko zikomeye iri gerageza rishobora kumenya zirimo ubumuga bwo kuvuka ku mutima, ibibumbe by'amaraso mu mutima, na kanseri zifata imitsi y'umutima.

Ni iki gikorerwa muri echocardiogram?

Uburyo busanzwe bwa echocardiogram buroroshye kandi busanzwe bufata iminota 30 kugeza kuri 60. Uzaryama ku meza yo gupimisha, akenshi ku ruhande rwawe rw'ibumoso, mugihe umukanishi watojwe witwa sonographer akora iri gerageza. Icyumba gikunze gucanishwa urumuri ruto kugirango umukanishi abashe kureba neza amashusho kuri ecran.

Mugihe cy'igerageza, sonographer azashyira utuntu duto twa electrode ku gituza cyawe kugirango akurikirane umuvuduko w'umutima wawe. Nyuma, bazashyira gel isobanutse ku gituza cyawe - iyi gel ifasha imiraba y'amajwi kugenda neza hagati ya transducer n'uruhu rwawe. Gel irashobora kumva ikonje mbere, ariko ntigira ingaruka kandi yoroshye gukaraba.

Sonographer azahita yimurira transducer mu bice bitandukanye by'igituza cyawe kugirango afate amashusho ava mu mpande zitandukanye. Urashobora kumva igitutu gito mugihe bakanda transducer ku gituza cyawe, ariko iri gerageza ntiribabaza. Urashobora kumva amajwi y'umuvundo mugihe cy'igerageza - aya ni asanzwe kandi agaragaza amaraso atembera mu mutima wawe.

Rimwe na rimwe, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ubwoko bwihariye bwa echocardiogram. Echocardiogram y'umuvuduko ihuriza hamwe isuzuma risanzwe hamwe n'imyitozo cyangwa imiti kugirango urebe uko umutima wawe witwara ku gushyirwaho umuvuduko. Echocardiogram ya transesophageal (TEE) ikoresha probe yihariye ishyirwa mu kanwa kawe ikinjira mu muhogo wawe kugirango ubone amashusho asobanutse y'ibice by'umutima runaka.

Ni gute witegura echocardiogram yawe?

Kwitegura echocardiogram isanzwe biroroshye kandi bisaba imbaraga nkeya ku ruhande rwawe. Urashobora kurya no kunywa bisanzwe mbere y'isuzuma, kandi ntugomba guhagarika gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose keretse muganga wawe akubwiye byihariye. Ibi bituma uburyo bwo kwitegura bworoha cyane ugereranije n'ibindi bizami by'ubuvuzi.

Ku munsi w'isuzuma ryawe, wambare imyenda yoroshye, yagutse ushobora gukuramo byoroshye kuva mu rukenyerero. Uzakenera kwambura kuva mu rukenyerero hejuru hanyuma wambare ikanzu y'ibitaro ifungurira imbere. Irinde kwambara imitako, cyane cyane amajosi, kuko uzakenera kuyikuramo mbere y'isuzuma.

Niba ufite echocardiogram y'umuvuduko, kwitegura kwawe bizaba bitandukanye gato. Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira kwirinda cafeine amasaha menshi mbere y'isuzuma kandi wambare inkweto zikwiriye kugenda cyangwa gusiganwa. Ugomba kandi kwirinda kurya ifunguro rinini mu masaha abiri mbere y'isuzuma.

Kubijyanye na echocardiogram ya transesophageal, uzakenera kwiyiriza amasaha menshi mbere y'inzira. Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye igihe cyo guhagarika kurya no kunywa. Uzakenera kandi umuntu uzakujyana mu rugo nyuma yaho kuko uzahabwa imiti ituma utagira ubwenge.

Ni gute usoma echocardiogram yawe?

Gusoma echocardiogram bisaba imyitozo yihariye, ariko kumva ibipimo byibanze birashobora kugufasha kugirana ibiganiro bifite amakuru menshi na muganga wawe. Raporo izakubiyemo ibipimo byingenzi byerekana ibice bitandukanye by'imikorere n'imiterere y'umutima wawe.

Kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi ni igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso (EF), kigaragaza ingano y'amaraso umutima wawe utera mu gihe kimwe. Ubusanzwe umuvuduko w'amaraso usanzwe uri hagati ya 55% na 70%. Niba umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe uri munsi ya 50%, bishobora kwerekana ko imitsi y'umutima wawe idakora neza nk'uko bikwiye.

Raporo kandi izakubiyemo amakuru yerekeye ubunini bw'umutima wawe n'ubugari bw'urukuta. Ubusanzwe inkuta z'umutima ntizikwiye kuba zishyushye cyangwa zito, kandi ibyumba by'umutima bikwiye kuba bifite ubunini bukwiriye umubiri wawe. Inkuta zishyushye zishobora kwerekana umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso cyangwa izindi ndwara, mugihe ibyumba byagutse bishobora kwerekana ibibazo bitandukanye by'umutima.

Imikorere y'imitsi ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi cy'ibizamini by'umutima. Raporo izasobanura uko buri kimwe mu mitima yawe ine ikora neza. Amagambo nka

Ubugari bw'ibice by'umutima bupimwa muri santimetero kandi bugereranywa n'ubusanzwe bw'umubiri wawe. Ubusanzwe, igice cy'umutima cy'ibumoso (igice cy'umutima gikora akazi ko gutera) gisanzwe gipima 3.9 kugeza kuri 5.3 cm mu bugari igihe kiruhutse. Inkuta z'iki gice zigomba kuba zifite uburebure bwa 0.6 kugeza kuri 1.1 cm.

Imikorere ya valve isanzwe isobanurwa nk'isanzwe, cyangwa ifite urwego rutandukanye rwo gusubira inyuma cyangwa stenosis. Gusubira inyuma guto cyangwa gucye ni ibisanzwe kandi akenshi ntibitera impungenge. Ibibazo bya valve bikomeye bisaba gukurikiranwa neza kandi bishobora gusaba kuvurwa.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya echocardiogram?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kugira ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya echocardiogram. Kumva ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha gukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ugumane ubuzima bwiza bw'umutima kandi umenye ibibazo bishobora kuvuka hakiri kare.

Imyaka ni kimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago cyane, kuko imikorere y'umutima ihinduka uko imyaka igenda. Uko tugenda dusaza, inkuta z'umutima wacu zirashobora gukomera gato, kandi valve zacu zirashobora gutangira kuvuza. Izi mpinduka ziterwa n'imyaka akenshi ni ibisanzwe, ariko rimwe na rimwe zirashobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye.

Indwara zifata imitsi y'amaraso zishobora gutera ibisubizo bidasanzwe. Hano hari indwara zisanzwe zishobora kugira ingaruka ku echocardiogram yawe:

• Umubyibuho ukabije w'amaraso, ushobora gutera gukomera kw'imitsi y'umutima
• Diabetes, ishobora kwangiza imitsi y'amaraso n'imitsi y'umutima
• Cholesterol nyinshi, itera indwara y'imitsi y'umutima
• Umutima wigeze guhagarara cyangwa indwara y'umutima
• Amateka y'umuryango y'ibibazo by'umutima
• Umubyibuho ukabije, ushyira umutwaro mwinshi ku mutima

Ibintu by'imibereho nabyo bigira uruhare runini mu buzima bw'umutima. Kunywa itabi byangiza imitsi y'amaraso kandi bigabanya umwuka wa oxygen ugera ku mutima wawe. Kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora kunaniza imitsi y'umutima uko igihe kigenda. Kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora gutera imitsi y'amaraso idakora neza kandi bikongera ibyago byo kurwara umutima.

Imiti imwe na none irashobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo bya echocardiogram. Imiti ivura kanseri, by'umwihariko, rimwe na rimwe irashobora gutera kwangirika kw'imitsi y'umutima. Niba uri kwivuza kanseri, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ko ukora echocardiogram buri gihe kugira ngo akurikirane imikorere y'umutima wawe.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya echocardiogram?

Isubizo bidasanzwe bya echocardiogram ntibisobanura ko uhita ufite ikibazo gikomeye cy'umutima, ariko bigaragaza ko imikorere y'umutima wawe cyangwa imiterere yawo bitandukanye n'ibisanzwe. Ubusobanuro bw'ibi byavumbuwe buterwa n'ubudasanzwe bwihariye n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Niba echocardiogram yawe yerekana igabanuka ry'igice cy'amaraso asohoka, ibi bishobora kwerekana kunanirwa k'umutima, aho umutima wawe utavoma amaraso neza nk'uko bikwiye. Kunanirwa k'umutima bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'umwuka mucye, umunaniro, no kubyimba amaguru yawe cyangwa mu nda. Hamwe n'imiti ikwiye, abantu benshi bafite kunanirwa k'umutima barashobora kugumana ubuzima bwiza.

Ibibazo bya valve byagaragajwe kuri echocardiogram bishobora kuva ku boroheje kugeza ku bikomeye. Valve yoroheje yo gusubira inyuma cyangwa stenosis akenshi ntigira ibimenyetso kandi ishobora gusa gukorerwa igenzura. Ariko, ibibazo bikomeye bya valve bishobora gutera kunanirwa k'umutima, imirimo y'umutima idasanzwe, cyangwa sitiroki niba bitavuwe. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibibazo byinshi bya valve bishobora kuvurwa neza n'imiti cyangwa uburyo.

Ubudasanzwe bw'imikorere y'urukuta rushobora kwerekana ibitero by'umutima byabayeho mbere cyangwa kugabanuka kw'amaraso ku bice by'imitsi y'umutima wawe. Ibi byavumbuwe bishobora kongera ibyago byawe byo guhura n'ibitero by'umutima mu gihe kizaza cyangwa kunanirwa k'umutima. Muganga wawe ashobora gushyiraho ibizamini byongereweho nk'ubushakashatsi bwo mu mutima kugira ngo arusheho gusobanukirwa uko amaraso atembera mu mutima wawe.

Mu bintu bike bibaho, ibizamini bya echocardiogram bishobora kugaragaza indwara zikomeye nko gupfundika kw'amaraso mu mutima, ibibyimba, cyangwa ubumuga bw'umutima bwo kuva bavuka. Gupfundika kw'amaraso bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara sitiroke, mu gihe ibibyimba bishobora gusaba kuvurwa by'umwihariko. Ubumuga bw'umutima bwo kuva bavuka ku bantu bakuru bushobora gusaba kubagwa cyangwa gukurikiranwa buri gihe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubonana na muganga ku bijyanye n'ibisubizo bya echocardiogram?

Ukwiriye guteganya gahunda yo gusubira kwa muganga vuba na bwangu nyuma yo gukora echocardiogram kugira ngo muganire ku bisubizo. N'iyo ibisubizo bimeze neza, ni ngombwa kubisuzuma na muganga wawe kugira ngo umenye icyo bisobanuye ku buzima bwawe muri rusange.

Niba echocardiogram yawe yerekana ibisubizo bidasanzwe, muganga wawe azasobanura icyo ibyo byavumbuwe bisobanuye kandi aganire ku ntambwe zikurikira. Ntukagire ubwoba niba wumvise amagambo nka "regurgitation" cyangwa "igipimo cyo gusohoka cyagabanutse" - byinshi muri ibyo bibazo birashobora gucungwa neza hamwe n'imiti ikwiye n'imibereho myiza.

Vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya niba ugize ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa bikomeza mu gihe utegereje ibisubizo byawe cyangwa umaze kubibona. Ibi bimenyetso byihutirwa birimo:

• Urubavu rukabije cyangwa umuvundo
• Guhema bigufi bya hato na hato
• Guta igihagararo cyangwa ibihe byo kugenda hafi yo gutakaza ubwenge
• Umutima utera cyane cyangwa utajegajega
• Ukubura kw'amaguru, ibibero, cyangwa mu nda

Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha uruhushya rwo kubonana na umuganga w'umutima (umuhanga mu by'umutima) niba ibisubizo byawe byerekana ibitagenda neza bikomeye. Uru ruhushya ntirusobanuye ko indwara yawe itagira icyizere - abaganga b'umutima bafite ibikoresho byinshi n'imiti ihari kugira ngo bafashe gucunga indwara z'umutima neza.

Gukurikiranwa buri gihe ni ngombwa niba ufite indwara iyo ari yo yose y'umutima. Muganga wawe azakora gahunda yo gukurikirana ishingiye ku miterere yawe yihariye. Abantu bamwe bakeneye gukora echocardiogram buri mwaka, mu gihe abandi bashobora kuzikenera kenshi kugira ngo bakurikirane impinduka mu mikorere y'umutima wabo.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye na echocardiogram

Q.1 Ese isuzuma rya echocardiogram rifasha mu kumenya ibitero by'umutima?

Echocardiogram ishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'ibitero by'umutima byabayeho mbere, yerekana ahantu mu mikaya y'umutima hatagenda neza. Ariko, si isuzuma rikoreshwa cyane mu kumenya igitero cy'umutima kigikora. Mu gihe cy'igitero cy'umutima kigikora, abaganga bakoresha cyane cyane EKG n'ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo bamenye indwara vuba.

Niba waragize igitero cy'umutima mbere, echocardiogram ishobora kugaragaza ibitagenda neza mu duce twagizweho ingaruka. Ibi bisubizo bifasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa uburyo igitero cy'umutima cyagize ingaruka ku mikorere y'umutima wawe no gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura bukwiye.

Q.2 Ese igipimo gito cyo gusohora amaraso bivuga buri gihe ko ufite uburwayi bw'umutima?

Igipimo gito cyo gusohora amaraso ntibisobanura ko uhita ufite uburwayi bw'umutima, ariko birerekana ko umutima wawe utavoma neza nk'uko bisanzwe. Abantu bamwe bafite igipimo gito cyo gusohora amaraso ntibashobora kugira ibimenyetso, mu gihe abandi bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bisanzwe by'uburwayi bw'umutima.

Muganga wawe azatekereza ku gipimo cyawe cyo gusohora amaraso hamwe n'ibimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi bisubizo by'ibizamini kugira ngo amenye niba ufite uburwayi bw'umutima. Kuvurwa kenshi bishobora guteza imbere igipimo cyawe cyo gusohora amaraso n'ibimenyetso byawe uko igihe kigenda.

Q.3 Ese echocardiogram ishobora kumenya imitsi yazibye?

Echocardiogram isanzwe ntishobora kureba imitsi yazibye, ariko ishobora kugaragaza ingaruka z'imitsi yazibye ku mikaya y'umutima wawe. Niba umutsi wa koroneri wazibye cyane, agace k'umutima w'umutima uwo mutsi utanga ntigashobora kugenda neza, ibyo bikagaragara kuri echocardiogram.

Kugira ngo umenye neza imitsi yazibye, muganga wawe yagombye gutumiza ibizamini bitandukanye nka catheterization ya cardiac, coronary CT angiogram, cyangwa nuclear stress test. Rimwe na rimwe echocardiogram yo gushyira umutima mu gihirahiro ishobora gufasha kumenya ahantu hatagira amaraso ahagije.

Q.4 Ni kangahe ngomba gukoresha echocardiogram?

Uburyo bwo gukora echocardiogram biterwa n'ubuzima bwawe bwite. Niba ufite umutima ukora neza kandi udafite indwara y'umutima, mubisanzwe ntuzakenera gukora echocardiogram buri gihe keretse niba ugize ibimenyetso cyangwa ibintu byongera ibyago.

Niba ufite indwara y'umutima izwi, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora echocardiogram buri mwaka cyangwa gukurikiranwa kenshi. Abantu bafite ibibazo by'imitsi y'umutima, umutima wananiwe, cyangwa abafata imiti ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima bashobora gukenera gukora echocardiogram buri mezi 6 kugeza kuri 12.

Q.5 Mbese hari ibyago cyangwa ingaruka zituruka kuri echocardiogram?

Echocardiogram isanzwe irinzwe cyane nta byago cyangwa ingaruka bizwi. Imirasire ya ultrasound ikoreshwa ni imwe nk'iyo ikoreshwa muri ultrasound yo gutwita, kandi nta mirasire ihari. Ushobora kumva utameze neza gato bitewe n'umuvuduko wa transducer, ariko ibi ni iby'igihe gito.

Gel ikoreshwa mugihe cy'igeragezwa ishingiye ku mazi kandi yoroshye gukaraba isabune n'amazi. Abantu bamwe bashobora kugira uburibwe buto ku ruhu buturutse ku dupapuro twa electrode, ariko ibi ni gake kandi bikemuka vuba nyuma yo gukuraho.