Ni iki cyitwa Electrocardiogram (ECG cyangwa EKG)? Impamvu, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Electrocardiogram, akenshi yitwa ECG cyangwa EKG, ni ikizamini cyoroshye gifata amakuru y'imikorere y'umutima wawe. Bitekereze nk'ifoto ifata uko umutima wawe utera niba ukora neza. Iki kizamini kitagira ububabare gifata iminota mike gusa kandi gishobora kugaragaza amakuru y'ingenzi yerekeye umuvuduko w'umutima wawe, umuvuduko wo gutera, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Ni iki cyitwa Electrocardiogram (ECG cyangwa EKG)?

ECG ni ikizamini cy'ubuvuzi gipima ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi umutima wawe ukora buri gihe uteye. Umutima wawe ukora ibyo bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mu buryo busanzwe kugira ngo uhuze imikorere yo gutera amaraso mu mubiri wawe. Iki kizamini gifata ayo makuru ku mpapuro cyangwa kuri ecran ya mudasobwa nk'imirongo ifite imiterere y'urubavu.

Ijambo ECG na EKG risobanura kimwe. ECG ikomoka ku ijambo ry'icyongereza

• Uburibwe mu gituza cyangwa kutumva neza
• Kugufywa umwuka igihe ukora ibikorwa bisanzwe
• Kuribwa umutwe cyangwa kumva ureremba
• Umutima gutera cyane cyangwa kumva umutima wawe wiruka
• Kugwa igihumure cyangwa kumva ushobora kugwa igihumure
• Umunaniro udasanzwe udakira iyo uruhutse

ECG zikoreshwa kandi nk'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gupima mu gihe cyo gupima umubiri, cyane cyane niba ufite ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara umutima. Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ko ukora imwe mbere yo kubagwa kugira ngo yemeze ko umutima wawe ushobora kwihanganira uburyo bwo kubaga mu buryo bwizewe.

Rimwe na rimwe, abaganga bakoresha ECG kugira ngo bagenzure uburyo imiti y'umutima ikora neza cyangwa kugenzura ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti imwe. Ibi bifasha kumenya niba gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa ikora nk'uko byari byitezwe kandi ikagufasha kuguma mu mutekano.

Ni iki uburyo bwo gukora ECG?

Uburyo bwo gukora ECG buroroshye kandi ntibubabaza na gato. Uzaryama neza ku meza yo gupimira mugihe umuganga ashyira ibikoresho bito bya elegitorode ku ruhu rwawe. Ubu buryo bwose busanzwe bufata iminota 5 kugeza kuri 10 uhereye ku ntangiriro kugeza ku musozo.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe ukora ECG, intambwe ku yindi:

1. Uzasabwa kwambura kuva mu gice cyo hejuru cy'umubiri ukambara ikanzu y'ibitaro
2. Umu teknisiyani azasukuza ahantu ku ruhu rwawe aho elegitorode zizashyirwa
3. Utuntu duto twishyirwa (elegitorode) dushyirwa ku gituza cyawe, amaboko, n'amaguru
4. Insinga ziva kuri elegitorode zihuza na mashini ya ECG
5. Uzaryama utuje kandi ugahumeka neza mugihe mashini ifata ibikorwa by'umutima wawe
6. Ubusanzwe gufata amashusho bifata amasegonda 10 kugeza ku minota mike
7. Elegitorode zivanywaho hanyuma ukabasha kwambara

Ikintu cy'ingenzi mugihe cyo gupimwa ni ukuguma utuje uko bishoboka kose no guhumeka neza. Kugenda bishobora kubangamira gufata amashusho, ariko ntugire impungenge niba ukeneye gukorora cyangwa kwimuka gato. Umu teknisiyani azakumenyesha niba bakeneye gusubiramo igice icyo aricyo cyose cyo gupimwa.

Uburyo bwo kwitegura ECG yawe

Inkuru nziza ni uko ECG zisaba gutegura bike cyane ku ruhande rwawe. Urashobora kurya no kunywa ibisanzwe mbere y'ikizamini, kandi ntugomba kwirinda imiti iyo ari yo yose keretse muganga wawe akubwiye by'umwihariko.

Hariho ibintu bike byoroshye ushobora gukora kugirango ufashishe kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byiza by'ikizamini:

• Wambare imyenda yoroshye, yagutse byoroshye gukuraho kuva mu gituza hejuru
• Irinde gukoresha amavuta, amavuta, cyangwa ifu ku gituza cyawe n'amaboko ku munsi wo gupima
• Menyesha muganga wawe imiti yose ufata, harimo n'imiti itangwa nta tegeko rya muganga
• Kura imitako mu ijosi, mu ntoki, no mu birenge mbere y'ikizamini
• Gerageza kuguma utuje kandi woroshye, kuko guhangayika rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima

Niba ufite umusatsi mwinshi ku gituza, umukanishi ashobora gukenera kogosha ahantu hato aho amashanyarazi azashyirwa. Ibi bifasha amashanyarazi gukora neza no kubona ibisubizo bisobanutse. Ntukararikire kuri ubu buryo - ni ibisanzwe rwose kandi ni ngombwa kugirango ubone ibisubizo byukuri.

Uburyo bwo gusoma ibisubizo byawe bya ECG

Isubizo ryawe rya ECG rizerekana umurongo n'imirongo myinshi yerekana ibice bitandukanye by'ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi by'umutima wawe. Mugihe ibi bishobora kugaragara bigoye, muganga wawe azasobanura icyo bisobanura mu magambo yoroshye kandi niba hari icyo gikeneye kwitabwaho.

ECG isanzwe ikunda kwerekana uburyo busanzwe hamwe n'umurongo wihariye witwa P, QRS, na T. Umurongo wa P uhagarariye ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi mu byumba byo hejuru by'umutima wawe, urugero rwa QRS rugaragaza ibikorwa mu byumba byo hepfo, n'umurongo wa T uhagarariye imitsi y'umutima yongera kwishyiriraho umutima ukurikira.

Muganga wawe azareba ibintu byinshi byingenzi byisubizo ryawe rya ECG:

• Umuvuduko w'umutima - uko umutima wawe utera vuba cyangwa buhoro
• Uburyo umutima utera - niba umutima wawe utera neza cyangwa nabi
• Uburyo imiraba iteye - imiterere n'igihe cy'imiraba y'amashanyarazi
• Intera - igihe kiri hagati y'ibice bitandukanye byo gutera k'umutima
• Uruhande - icyerekezo cy'urugendo rw'amashanyarazi mu mutima wawe

Ibisubizo bisanzwe bya ECG bisobanura ko sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe ikora neza. Ariko, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ECG isanzwe idasobanura ko nta bibazo by'umutima, cyane cyane niba ibimenyetso biza bigata. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ibindi bizami niba bikenewe.

Ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya ECG bisobanura iki?

Ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya ECG ntibisobanura ko ufite indwara y'umutima ikomeye. Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera impinduka muri ECG yawe, harimo imiti, kutaringanira kwa electrolytes, cyangwa ndetse n'uko wari umeze mu gihe cy'ikizamini. Muganga wawe azatekereza ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi bintu mu gusobanura ibisubizo byawe.

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidasanzwe birimo uburyo butari bwo bwo gutera k'umutima, ibimenyetso byo gufatwa n'umutima mbere, cyangwa ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibice by'umutima wawe bidahabwa umwuka uhagije. Ibi bisubizo bifasha muganga wawe gushaka uburyo bukwiye bwo gukurikirana ubuvuzi bwawe.

Dore bimwe mu bibazo bishobora kugaragara kuri ECG:

• Atrial fibrillation - umuvuduko w'umutima utari uwo gutera neza, akenshi wihuta
• Heart block - ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bitinda hagati y'ibyumba by'umutima
• Ischemia - kugabanuka kw'amaraso mu bice by'umutsi w'umutima
• Left ventricular hypertrophy - gukomera kw'icyumba cy'umutima gikuru gipompa
• Kutaringanira kwa electrolytes - impinduka mu myunyu ngugu yo mu maraso igira ingaruka ku buryo umutima utera

Niba ECG yawe yerekana ibitagenda neza, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ibindi bizami nka echocardiogram, ikizamini cyo gushyira umutima mu gihirahiro, cyangwa ibizamini by'amaraso. Ibi bizami bitanga amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye n'imiterere n'imikorere by'umutima wawe.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya ECG?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya ECG. Kumva ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bishobora gufasha wowe n'umuganga wawe gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku buzima bw'umutima wawe no ku bikenewe byo gupima mu gihe kizaza.

Imyaka ni kimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago cyane, kuko sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe ishobora guhinduka uko imyaka igenda. Ariko, abantu benshi bakuze bafite ECG zisanzwe rwose, bityo imyaka yonyine ntigena ibisubizo byawe.

Indwara zikunze kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo bya ECG zirimo:

• Umubyibuho ukabije w'amaraso - ushobora gutera impinduka mu bunini bw'imitsi y'umutima
• Diyabete - ishobora kwangiza imitsi y'amaraso itanga umutima
• Indwara z'umutima - zirimo gutera umutima mbere cyangwa indwara ya arteri ya koronari
• Indwara za tiroyide - zishobora kwihutisha cyangwa gutinda umuvuduko w'umutima
• Sleep apnea - igira ingaruka ku rwego rwa ogisijeni kandi ishobora gushyira umutima mu gihirahiro
• Indwara y'impyiko - ishobora gutera imikorere idahwitse ya electrolyte

Ibintu by'imibereho nabyo bigira uruhare mu bisubizo byawe bya ECG. Kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga nyinshi, no kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa by'amashanyarazi by'umutima wawe uko imyaka igenda.

Imiti imwe n'imwe nayo ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri ECG yawe, harimo imiti imwe yo kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso, imiti igabanya ubwoba, na antibiyotike. Buri gihe bwire umuganga wawe ku miti yose n'ibyongerera imbaraga urimo gufata.

Ese hari ibyago cyangwa ingaruka zituruka kuri ECG?

ECG ni uburyo bwizewe cyane budafite ibyago cyangwa ingaruka. Igerageza rifata gusa ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi by'umutima wawe kandi ntirwohereza amashanyarazi mu mubiri wawe. Nta byiyumvo uzagira mugihe cyo gupimwa.

Ikintu gito gishobora kukubaho ni ukuribwa gake ku ruhu aho amashanyarazi yashyizwe. Ibi mubisanzwe biroroshye cyane kandi bikagenda vuba. Abantu bamwe bafite uruhu rworoshye bashobora kubona ibimenyetso bitukura bito bishira nyuma yamasaha make.

Niba umusatsi wogoshewe kugira ngo bashyireho ibikoresho byo gupima umuriro w'umutima, ushobora kumva uruhu rurashashaye gato uko umusatsi umera. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi ntibiramba. Gukoresha umuti woroshya uruhu birashobora gufasha niba uruhu rwawe rumeze nk'urumutse cyangwa rwashashaye.

Nta nzitizi ku bikorwa byawe nyuma ya ECG. Urashobora gusubira mu murimo wawe usanzwe ako kanya, harimo gutwara imodoka, gukora, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Icyo kizamini ntizagira ingaruka ku rwego rw'imbaraga zawe cyangwa uko wumva umeze.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga ku bijyanye n'ibisubizo bya ECG yanjye?

Ubusanzwe, umuganga wawe azaganira nawe ku bijyanye n'ibisubizo bya ECG yawe nyuma gato y'ikizamini, haba mu gihe cyo gusura kimwe cyangwa mu minsi mike. Niba ibisubizo byawe ari ibisanzwe, ntushobora gukenera gukurikiranwa urenze ibizamini byawe bisanzwe.

Ariko, ugomba guhamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba wagaragaje ibimenyetso bishya nyuma ya ECG yawe, cyane cyane niba utegereje ibisubizo cyangwa wabwiwe ko ukeneye ibindi bizamini. Ntukegere niba ufite ububabare mu gituza, guhumeka bikomeye, cyangwa guta ubwenge.

Ibimenyetso bikwiriye kwitabwaho byihutirwa birimo:

• Ububabare bukomeye mu gituza cyangwa umuvundo
• Kugorana guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka bigufi igihe uruhutse
• Guta ubwenge cyangwa ibihe byo kumva ugiye guta ubwenge
• Umutima utera cyane utagabanuka igihe uruhutse
• Ububabare mu gituza bwimukira mu kuboko kwawe, urushingo, cyangwa umugongo

Niba ufite ibibazo ku bijyanye n'ibisubizo bya ECG yawe cyangwa icyo bisobanuye ku buzima bwawe, ntugatinye kubaza umuganga wawe. Gusobanukirwa ibisubizo byawe birashobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi bwawe kandi bikaguha amahoro mu mutima.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye na ECG

Q1: Ese ikizamini cya ECG ni cyiza mu kumenya indwara z'umutima?

Yego, ECG ni ibikoresho byiza mu kumenya indwara z'umutima, haba iziriho ubu n'izo zabayeho mu gihe cyashize. Mu gihe cyo kurwara umutima, imiterere y'umuriro mu mutima wawe ihinduka mu buryo buranga ibigaragara neza kuri ECG.

Ariko, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko ECG isanzwe idahora yerekana ko nta mutima urwaye, cyane cyane niba ufite ibimenyetso. Rimwe na rimwe, indwara z'umutima zifata ahantu ku mutima hatagaragara neza kuri ECG isanzwe, cyangwa impinduka zirashobora kuba ntoya mu ntangiriro y'inzira.

Q2: Ese ECG idasanzwe ihora isobanura ko mfite indwara y'umutima?

Oya, ECG idasanzwe ntabwo ihora yerekana indwara y'umutima. Ibintu byinshi birashobora gutera impinduka muri ECG yawe, harimo imiti, kutaringanira kwa electrolyte, impungenge, cyangwa ndetse n'uko wari umeze mu gihe cy'igeragezwa. Abantu bamwe bafite uburyo bwa ECG budasanzwe ariko busanzwe kuri bo.

Muganga wawe azatekereza ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi bisubizo by'ibizamini mugihe asobanura ECG yawe. Niba hari impungenge, ibindi bizamini birashobora gufasha kumenya niba imiti ikenewe.

Q3: Ni kangahe nkwiriye gukorerwa ECG?

Uburyo bwo gukora ibizamini bya ECG buterwa n'imyaka yawe, ibintu bigushyira mu kaga, n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi. Abantu bakuru bafite ubuzima bwiza ntibakeneye ECG zisanzwe keretse bafite ibimenyetso cyangwa ibintu bibashyira mu kaga k'indwara y'umutima.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora ECG kenshi niba ufite indwara nka umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso, diyabete, cyangwa amateka y'umuryango w'indwara y'umutima. Abantu bafata imiti imwe na rimwe cyangwa abafite indwara z'umutima zizwi bashobora gukenera ECG buri mezi make kugirango bakurikirane uko bahagaze.

Q4: Nshobora gukorerwa ECG niba ntwite?

Yego, ECG ni nziza rwose mugihe utwite. Igeragezwa ryandika gusa ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi kandi ntirigushyira mu kaga cyangwa umwana wawe ku mirasire cyangwa ibintu byangiza. Gutwita rimwe na rimwe birashobora gutera impinduka mumuvuduko w'umutima n'umuvuduko bisanzwe rwose.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ECG mugihe utwite niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'ububabare mu gituza, guhumeka bigoranye, cyangwa umutima udatera neza. Ibi bimenyetso rimwe na rimwe bishobora gufitanye isano n'impinduka zisanzwe zo gutwita, ariko ECG ifasha kumenya ko byose bikora neza.

Q5: Ni iki gitandukanya ECG na echocardiogram?

ECG ipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe, naho echocardiogram ikoresha imirongo y'amajwi kugira ngo ikore amashusho y'imiterere n'imikorere y'umutima wawe. Tekereza kuri ECG nk'ipima sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, naho echocardiogram ireba imiterere y'umutima, ubunini bwawo, n'uburyo utera amaraso neza.

Ibizami byombi bifite agaciro kubera impamvu zitandukanye kandi bikunze gukoreshwa hamwe kugira ngo tubone ishusho yuzuye y'ubuzima bw'umutima wawe. Muganga wawe azagena ibizamini bikwiye cyane bitewe n'ibimenyetso ufite n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi.