Ni iki cyitwa Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)? Impamvu, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) ni uburyo bwa muganga bukoresha umuriro w'amashanyarazi ucungwa neza kugira ngo utere umutima muto mu bwonko bwawe mugihe uri mu buroko. Ubu buvuzi bwatejwe imbere mu myaka myinshi kandi ubu bufatwa nk'ubuvuzi bwiza cyane bwo kuvura agahinda gakabije n'indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mumutwe. Nubwo igitekerezo gishobora kumera nkigoye mbere na mbere, ECT ya none iratekanye, ikurikiranywa hafi, kandi ishobora gutanga icyizere mugihe ubundi buvuzi butagize icyo bugeraho.

Ni iki cyitwa electroconvulsive therapy?

ECT ni ubuvuzi bwo gushishikariza ubwonko bukora butuma kohereza umuriro muto w'amashanyarazi mu bwonko bwawe kugira ngo bitere umutima ucungwa. Umutima ubwawo umaze iminota 30 kugeza kuri 60 gusa, ariko bigaragara ko bisubiza imiti imwe yo mu bwonko ishobora gufasha ibimenyetso bikomeye byo mumutwe. Uzaba uryamye rwose mugihe cyo gukora, bityo ntuzumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose cyangwa ngo wibuke ubuvuzi ubwabwo.

Ubu buvuzi bumaze gutera imbere cyane kuva mu ntangiriro zabwo. ECT y'uyu munsi ikoresha imiti y'amashanyarazi neza, uburyo bwo kubaga buhanitse, n'imiti iruhura imitsi kugira ngo ibikorwa bibe byiza kandi bitekanye uko bishoboka kose. Ubu buryo bukorwa mu bitaro hamwe n'ikipe y'abaganga yuzuye, harimo umuganga w'indwara zo mu bwonko, umuganga w'indwara zo mumutwe, n'abaforomo.

Kuki electroconvulsive therapy ikorwa?

ECT akenshi isabwa mugihe ufite agahinda gakabije katagaragaje igisubizo ku bundi buvuzi nka imiti cyangwa ubuvuzi. Akenshi bifatwa mugihe uburwayi bwawe buteye ubuzima bw'akaga cyangwa mugihe ukeneye kunoza vuba ibimenyetso byawe. Muganga wawe ashobora gutanga icyifuzo cya ECT niba wagerageje imiti myinshi yo kurwanya agahinda ntigire icyo igeraho, cyangwa niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nko gutekereza kwiyahura, kudashobora kurya cyangwa kunywa, cyangwa kwivana rwose mubikorwa bya buri munsi.

Usibye agahinda gakabije, ECT ishobora no gufasha mu bindi bibazo byo mu mutwe. Ibi birimo indwara ya bipolar mu gihe cyo guhangayika cyane cyangwa ibihe byo kwiheba, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa schizophrenia, na catatonia (indwara ushobora kutagira icyo ukora cyangwa kutagira icyo usubiza).

Rimwe na rimwe ECT ikoreshwa mugihe cyo gutwita mugihe imiti ishobora guteza ibibazo ku mwana ukura.

Ni iki gikorerwa ECT?

Uburyo bwa ECT busanzwe bukorerwa mu cyumba cyo kubagiramo cyangwa mu cyumba cyo kubagiranwa mu bitaro. Uzahagera isaha imwe mbere yo kuvurwa kugirango urangize imyiteguro mbere yo kubagwa. Umuforomo azagenzura ibimenyetso byawe byingenzi, atangire umurongo wa IV, kandi yemeze ko wumva umeze neza kandi witeguye kubagwa.

Mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa, ikipe yawe yubuvuzi izaguha anesthesia rusange binyuze muri IV yawe, bivuze ko uzasinzira burundu mumasegonda. Bazaguha kandi umuti wo kuruhura imitsi kugirango wirinde ko umubiri wawe wimuka mugihe cyo gufatwa. Igihe usinziriye, umuganga wibibazo byo mumutwe azashyira utuntu duto twa elegitorode ahantu runaka kumu mutwe wawe.

Gushyiraho amashanyarazi bifata amasegonda make gusa. Ubwonko bwawe buzagira gufatwa gato, ariko kubera umuti wo kuruhura imitsi, umubiri wawe ntuzimuka. Ikipe yubuvuzi igenzura ibikorwa byubwonko bwawe, umutima wawe, no guhumeka mugihe cyose. Uburyo bwose busanzwe bufata iminota 15 kugeza kuri 30 kuva gutangira kugeza kurangiza.

Nyuma yo kuvurwa, uzakanguka ahantu ho gukira aho abaforomo bazagukurikiranira kugeza wumva umeze neza. Abantu benshi bumva bameze nabi kandi bashobora kugira umutwe woroshye, kimwe no gukanguka mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuvurwa burimo anesthesia. Uzasanzwe witeguye gutaha mumasaha abiri.

Ni gute witegura ECT yawe?

Kitegura ECT bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi kugira ngo wizeze umutekano wawe n'umusaruro mwiza ushoboka. Muganga wawe azabanza gukora isuzuma ryimbitse ry'ubuvuzi, harimo ibizamini by'amaraso, electrocardiogram (ECG) kugirango arebe umutima wawe, rimwe na rimwe no gushushanya ubwonko. Bazanasuzuma imiti yose ukoresha ubu, kuko hari imiti imwe ishobora gukenera guhindurwa cyangwa guhagarikwa by'agateganyo mbere yo kuvurwa.

Uzaba ukeneye kwiyiriza byibuze amasaha 8 mbere y'igikorwa cyawe, bivuze ko nta biryo cyangwa ibinyobwa nyuma ya saa sita z'ijoro mbere y'imiti yawe ya mugitondo. Ibi ni ngombwa kuko anesthesia ishobora guteza akaga niba ufite ibiryo mu gifu cyawe. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizagutanga amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye imiti ugomba gufata cyangwa kureka mu gitondo cyo kuvurwa kwawe.

Birafasha gutegura umuntu uzakujyana mu rugo nyuma ya buri gikorwa, kuko ushobora kumva unaniwe cyangwa wibeshya amasaha make. Ushobora kandi gushaka gutegura igihe cyo kuruhuka nyuma yo kuvurwa kwawe. Abantu benshi babona ko bihumuriza kuzana inshuti yizewe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango mu bitaro kugirango babashyigikire, nubwo bazategereza ahantu h'umuryango mugihe cy'igikorwa nyirizina.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe bya ECT?

Ibisubizo bya ECT ntibipimwa binyuze mumibare isanzwe yo gupima, ahubwo binyuze mumikorere myiza y'ibimenyetso byawe n'ubuzima bwawe bwose bwo mumutwe. Umuganga wawe w'indwara zo mumutwe azakurikiza iterambere ryawe akoresheje ingero zisanzwe zo gupima agahinda no kuganira buri gihe kubyerekeye uko wumva umeze. Abantu benshi batangira kubona impinduka nyuma yo kuvurwa 2 kugeza kuri 4, nubwo amasomo yuzuye akubiyemo ibikorwa 6 kugeza kuri 12 muminsi mike.

Muganga wawe azashaka impinduka nziza nyinshi mugihe cyo kuvurwa bigenda. Ibi birimo imyumvire myiza, imiterere myiza yo gusinzira, kongera ubushake bwo kurya, imbaraga nyinshi, no kongera gushishikazwa nibikorwa wahoze ukunda. Bazakurikiza kandi ingaruka zose, cyane cyane impinduka zo kwibuka, akenshi ziba z'agateganyo ariko ni ngombwa gukurikirana.

Uko ECT yagize icyo igeraho akenshi bipimwa n'uko ushobora gusubira mu bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi n'imibanire yawe. Itsinda ryawe rivura rizakorana nawe kugira ngo rimenye igihe wageze ku musaruro mwiza ushoboka kandi rigufashe kwimukira mu buvuzi bwo kubungabunga cyangwa izindi terapi kugira ngo ibimenyetso byawe bigumane mu kagenzuro.

Ni gute wakomeza ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe nyuma ya ECT?

Nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo yawe ya ECT, gukomeza ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe biba umuhate w'ubufatanye hagati yawe n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi. Abantu benshi bazakenera uburyo bumwe bwo kuvurwa buri gihe kugira ngo birinde ko ibimenyetso bisubira. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo amasomo ya ECT yo kubungabunga buri byumweru bike cyangwa amezi, imiti irwanya agahinda, cyangwa amasomo ya terapi buri gihe.

Imyitwarire yawe ya buri munsi igira uruhare runini mu gukomeza inyungu za ECT. Gahunda yo gusinzira buri gihe, imyitozo yoroheje, kurya neza, n'uburyo bwo gucunga umunaniro byose bishobora gufasha gushyigikira imiterere yawe yo mu mutwe yarushijeho gukomera. Abantu benshi basanga ibikorwa nk'ukugenda, yoga, cyangwa gutekereza bibafasha kumva barimo gushyira mu gaciro kandi bafite ubudahangarwa.

Kugumana n'inzego zigushyigikiye ni ngombwa kimwe. Ibi birimo kugumana amateraniro ya buri gihe na muganga wawe w'indwara zo mu mutwe, gukomeza umubano n'umuryango n'inshuti, kandi bishobora no kwinjira mu matsinda ashyigikira aho ushobora guhura n'abandi basobanukiwe n'ibyo wanyuzemo. Wibuke ko gukira ari inzira ikomeza, kandi bisanzwe kugira iminsi myiza n'iminsi igoye.

Ni izihe mpamvu zishobora gutuma ukeneye ECT?

Impamvu nyinshi zishobora kongera amahirwe yo gukenera ECT nk'uburyo bwo kuvura. Impamvu ikomeye ni ukugira agahinda gakabije, karwanya imiti katagize icyo gakoze n'imiti myinshi n'igerageza rya terapi. Niba wagerageje imiti irwanya agahinda itandukanye itagize icyo igeraho, cyangwa niba agahinda kawe karimo gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, ECT iba igitekerezo gishoboka.

Imyaka irashobora no kuba impamvu, nubwo bitari mu buryo watekereza. ECT akenshi itekerezwaho ku bantu bakuze bashobora kutihanganira imiti ya psychiatrie neza kubera izindi ndwara cyangwa imiti ihura. Rimwe na rimwe kandi bigirwa inama ku bantu bakiri bato umubabaro wabo ukaba ukomeye cyane ku buryo gutegereza imiti ngo ikore byaba ari akaga.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutuma ECT ikunda gukoreshwa. Ibi birimo kugira indwara ya bipolar hamwe n'ibibazo bikomeye, guhura n'umubabaro mugihe cyo gutwita mugihe imiti ishobora kwangiza umwana, cyangwa kugira indwara zituma imiti ya psychiatrie iba akaga. Byongeye kandi, niba warigeze kugira intsinzi na ECT mbere, muganga wawe ashobora kubikugiraho inama nanone niba ibimenyetso bisubiye.

Ese biruta gukoresha ECT cyangwa kugerageza izindi miti mbere?

ECT mubisanzwe ntabwo ari uburyo bwo kuvura bwa mbere, bivuze ko abaganga bakunda kubanza kugerageza izindi nzira keretse niba uri mumwanya uteye ubuzima bw'akaga. Kubantu benshi, urugendo rwo kuvurwa rutangirana na psychothérapie, imiti, cyangwa guhuza byombi. Ubu buvuzi ntibukomeretsa kandi bushobora kugira akamaro kanini kubantu benshi bafite umubabaro n'izindi ndwara zo mumutwe.

Ariko, ECT iba uburyo bwiza iyo izindi miti zitagize icyo zikora cyangwa iyo ukeneye iterambere ryihuse. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kutabasha kurya, kunywa, cyangwa kwitaho, ECT irashobora gutanga ubufasha bwihuse kuruta gutegereza ibyumweru imiti ngo itangire gukora. Bikunda kandi gukoreshwa iyo uri mumwanya wo kwangiza cyangwa kwiyahura.

Icyemezo gishingiye rwose kumiterere yawe, amateka yawe yubuvuzi, n'uburyo wakiriye izindi miti. Abantu bamwe bakunda ECT kuko ikora vuba kuruta imiti kandi ntisaba gufata ibinini buri munsi. Umuganga wawe wa psychiatre azagufasha gupima inyungu n'ibibazo bishingiye kumiterere yawe n'intego zo kuvura.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka za ECT?

Nk'uko biba ku buryo bwose bwo kuvura, ECT ishobora kugira ingaruka zayo, nubwo ibibazo bikomeye biba bike iyo bikorwa n'amakipe y'abaganga bafite ubunararibonye. Ingaruka zisanzwe ni iz'igihe gito kandi zirimo urujijo ako kanya nyuma yo gukanguka, kubabara umutwe, kubabara imitsi, no kuruka. Ibi mubisanzwe bikemuka mu masaha make kandi bishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti yoroheje.

Impinduka zo kwibuka ni ingaruka zitera abantu benshi gutekereza kuri ECT. Ushobora guhura no kwibagirwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, kandi abantu bamwe babona icyuho mu byo bibuka ku byabaye mu byumweru cyangwa amezi mbere yo kuvurwa. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibibazo byinshi byo kwibuka bigenda bikemuka uko igihe kigenda, kandi ibyo wibuka by'ingenzi kuri wowe mubisanzwe bisubira.

Ibibazo bikomeye biragoye ariko bishobora kurimo ibibazo by'umutima, ingorane zo guhumeka, cyangwa urujijo rurerure. Iyi ni yo mpamvu ECT ikorwa buri gihe mu bitaro hamwe n'ubugenzuzi bwuzuye bw'ubuvuzi n'ibikoresho by'ubutabazi bihari. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga izasuzuma neza ubuzima bwawe muri rusange mbere yo kugusaba ECT kugirango igabanye izi ngaruka.

Gahoro cyane, abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n'ibibazo byo kwibuka birambye cyangwa bagahura n'ingorane zo gukora ibyo bibuka bishya nyuma yo kuvurwa. Muganga wawe azaganira kuri izi ngaruka nawe mu buryo burambuye kandi agufashe gusobanukirwa uko zigereranywa n'ingaruka zo kutavura indwara yawe yo mu mutwe.

Kuki nkwiriye kubona umuganga kuri ECT?

Ugomba kuganira kuri ECT na muganga wawe niba urimo guhura no kwiheba gukabije kutaravurwa n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Ibi bishobora kuvuga ko wagerageje imiti myinshi yo kurwanya depression ntigire icyo igeraho, cyangwa wagiye muri terapi mu mezi atari make nta gihinduka. Niba ibimenyetso byawe bibangamira ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora, gukomeza umubano, cyangwa kwita ku by'ibanze nk'ukurya no gusinzira, ni igihe cyo gushakisha uburyo bwose bwo kuvura buriho.

Ukeneye ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga niba ufite ibitekerezo byo kwangiza umubiri wawe cyangwa kwiyahura, cyangwa niba udashobora kurya, kunywa, cyangwa kwitaho kubera depression. Ibi bihe bikunze gusaba ubufasha bwihuse, kandi ECT ishobora gutanga ubufasha bwihuse kuruta gutegereza ko izindi nshuti zikora. Ntukazuyaze kujya mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi cyangwa guhamagara umurongo w'ubufasha niba uri mu kaga k'ubuzima.

Ugomba kandi gutekereza ku kuganira kuri ECT niba utwite kandi ufite depression ikomeye, kuko imiti myinshi ya psychiatric ishobora guteza ibibazo ku bana bakiri bato. Byongeye kandi, niba ushaje kandi ufite ingorane zo kwihanganira imiti ya psychiatric kubera ingaruka cyangwa imikoranire n'indi miti, ECT ishobora kuba uburyo bwiza.

Hanyuma, niba waragize ECT neza mu gihe gishize kandi ubona ibimenyetso byawe bisubira, ntukategereze guhamagara muganga wawe. Ubufasha bwihuse bushobora gukumira gusubira inyuma byuzuye kandi bishobora gusobanura ko ukeneye imiti mike kugirango wongere kumva umeze neza.

Ibikunze kubazwa kuri ECT

Q.1 Ese ECT iratekanye ku barwayi bakuze?

Yego, ECT akenshi ifatwa nk'itekaniye kandi ikora neza cyane ku barwayi bakuze. Mubyukuri, abantu bakuze rimwe na rimwe basubiza neza kuri ECT kuruta abato, kandi bashobora kugira ingaruka nke za ECT ugereranije n'imiti myinshi ya psychiatric. Imyaka yonyine ntabwo ari inzitizi yo kwakira ECT, kandi abantu benshi bari mu myaka ya 70, 80, ndetse na 90 bafashwe neza.

Itsinda ry'abaganga ryitaho cyane mugihe rivura abarwayi bakuze, rikagenzura neza imikorere y'umutima n'izindi ndwara mugihe cy'uburyo. Ku barwayi bakuze bafite indwara zituma imiti ya psychiatric iteza akaga, ECT akenshi itanga uburyo bwiza bufite imikoranire mike y'imiti n'ingaruka.

Q.2 Ese ECT itera kwangirika kw'ubwonko burundu?

Oya, ECT ntishobora guteza ibibazo bihoraho mu bwonko. Ubushakashatsi bumaze imyaka myinshi bwerekanye ko ECT itagira ingaruka mbi kandi ntigira icyo yangiza ku miterere cyangwa imikorere y'ubwonko. Nubwo hari abantu bamwe bagira impinduka z'igihe gito mu kwibuka, ibyo ntibisa n'ibibazo byo mu bwonko kandi akenshi biragenda bikosoka uko igihe kigenda gihita. Uburyo bwa none bwa ECT bugamije kugabanya ingaruka zose zishobora kugira ku mikorere y'ubwonko mu gihe hongerwa inyungu z'ubuvuzi.

Ibyegeranyo byerekeye ubwonko byakozwe ku bantu bakoresheje ECT ntibigaragaza ibimenyetso by'ibyangiritse cyangwa impinduka mbi zirambye. Mubyukuri, ubushakashatsi bumwe buvuga ko ECT ishobora gufasha mu gukura kw'uturemangingo dushya tw'ubwonko no kunoza imikoranire y'ubwonko mu bice byibasiwe n'agahinda.

Q.3 Nshobora gukenera ingano ki ya ECT?

Abantu benshi bakeneye hagati ya 6 na 12 ya ECT kugirango bagere ku musaruro mwiza, nubwo ibi bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'uburyo umuntu yitwara n'uburemere bw'indwara ye. Ubuvuzi akenshi butangwa inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3 mu cyumweru mu byumweru byinshi. Muganga wawe azakurikirana imikorere yawe neza kandi ashobora guhindura gahunda y'ubuvuzi bitewe n'uburyo urimo kwitwara.

Abantu bamwe batangira kumva barushaho kumera neza nyuma yo kuvurwa inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 4 gusa, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera uburyo bwose mbere yo kugira impinduka zigaragara. Nyuma yo kurangiza urukurikirane rwa mbere, abantu benshi bungukira mu gihe cyo gukomeza kwivuza na ECT buri byumweru bike cyangwa amezi kugirango birinde ko ibimenyetso byagaruka.

Q.4 Nzakwibuka uburyo bwa ECT?

Oya, ntuzakwibuka uburyo bwa ECT ubwayo kuko uzaba uri munsi ya anesthesia rusange mugihe cy'ubuvuzi. Abantu benshi ntibibuka ikintu icyo aricyo cyose kuva mumiminota 30 mbere yuburyo kugeza bakangutse ahantu ho koroherwa. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi biteganijwe.

Ushobora kugira urujijo cyangwa kumva uri umunebwe igihe ubyutse bwa mbere, kimwe n'uko ushobora kumva umaze gukorerwa uburyo bwo kuvura burimo anesthesia. Uru rujijo rukunze gushira mu isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri, kandi uzagenzurwa n'abaganga kugeza ubwo uziyama neza kandi witeguye gutaha.

Q.5 Ese ECT ishobora gukorerwa ku buryo bwo hanze y'abarwayi?

Yego, ECT ikunze gukorerwa ku buryo bwo hanze y'abarwayi, bivuze ko ushobora gutaha uwo munsi. Abantu benshi bagerayo ku bitaro cyangwa ahantu havurirwa amasaha make mbere y'igihe cyagenwe cyo kuvurwa kandi bashobora gutaha amasaha make nyuma yo kuvurwa. Ibi bituma ECT yoroha cyane kurusha uko byari bimeze mbere igihe abantu bakundaga kuguma mu bitaro.

Ariko, uzakenera umuntu ugutwara nyuma yo kuvurwa buri gihe, kuko ushobora kumva unaniwe cyangwa urujijwe amasaha menshi. Abantu bamwe bakunda gufata ikiruhuko cy'umunsi wose ku kazi cyangwa mu bindi bikorwa kugira ngo baruhuke kandi bakire, nubwo benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe umunsi ukurikira.