Ni iki cyitwa ENA Test? Intego, Urwego/Uburyo & Ibisubizo

Isesengura rya ENA, cyangwa isesengura rya Extractable Nuclear Antigen, rigenzura imisemburo yihariye umubiri wawe ushobora gukora iyo witiranya ugatera imitsi y'umubiri wawe. Iri sesengura ryo mu maraso rifasha abaganga kumenya indwara ziterwa n'umubiri w'umuntu ubwawo nka lupus, syndrome ya Sjögren, na scleroderma binyuze mu kumenya iyi misemburo yihariye mu maraso yawe.

Bitekereze nk'igikoresho cy'umugenzuzi kigaragaza niba urwego rw'umubiri wawe rwarahindutse. Iyo urwego rwo kwirinda umubiri wawe rutangiye kwitiranya rugatangira kwibasira selile nzima, rukora iyi misemburo yihariye isesengura rya ENA rishobora kumenya.

Ni iki cyitwa ENA Test?

Isesengura rya ENA rigereranya imisemburo irwanya ibintu bya nuclear antigens, ariko ni poroteyine ziboneka imbere muri nucleus ya selile zawe. Iyi misemburo ikorwa iyo urwego rwawe rwo kwirinda umubiri witiranya izi poroteyine zisanzwe nk'abantu b'abanyamahanga.

Isesengura ryihariye rishakisha imisemburo irwanya poroteyine nyinshi z'ingenzi zirimo Sm, RNP, SSA/Ro, SSB/La, Scl-70, na Jo-1. Buri misemburo muri iyi ishobora kwerekana indwara zitandukanye ziterwa n'umubiri wawe, bifasha muganga wawe gushyira hamwe ibishobora kuba biri kuba mu mubiri wawe.

Abantu benshi bakora iri sesengura iyo bamaze kugaragaza ko bafite ANA (imisemburo irwanya nuclear) kandi muganga wabo ashaka gucukumbura neza indwara yihariye iterwa n'umubiri ishobora kuba ihari.

Kuki isesengura rya ENA rikoreshwa?

Muganga wawe azategeka isesengura rya ENA iyo bakeka ko ushobora kuba ufite indwara iterwa n'umubiri wawe, cyane cyane niba umaze igihe wumva ibimenyetso bitasobanutse nko kuribwa mu ngingo, amabara ku ruhu, cyangwa umunaniro ukabije. Akenshi ni intambwe ikurikira igisubizo cyiza cy'isesengura rya ANA.

Isesengura riba iry'ingenzi cyane iyo ugaragaza ibimenyetso bishobora kwerekana indwara zitandukanye ziterwa n'umubiri. Kubera ko izi ndwara zishobora kugaragara kimwe mu ntangiriro zazo, isesengura rya ENA rifasha kugabanya amahirwe.

Ibi nibyo bintu by'ingenzi abaganga basaba ko bakora iyi test:

• Uburibwe buhoraho mu ngingo no kubyimba bitagabanuka iyo uruhutse
• Uduheri tudasobanutse ku ruhu, cyane cyane udusa nk'ipapayi ku matama
• Umunaniro ukabije utuma utabasha gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi
• Amaso n'umunwa byumye bitavurwa n'imiti isanzwe
• Ubugufi bw'imitsi cyangwa uburibwe butagira impamvu igaragara
• Icyitwa Raynaud's phenomenon (intoki n'amano bihinduka ibara ryera cyangwa ubururu iyo hakonje)
• Ibibazo by'impyiko bitagira ibisobanuro bigaragara
• Urubore rugaruka rudatewe n'indwara

Nubwo bimeze bityo, muganga wawe ashobora no gusaba ko bakora iyi test niba ufite amateka y'imiryango y'indwara ziterwa n'umubiri ubwawo, kabone niyo ibimenyetso byawe byaba bito. Kumenya indwara hakiri kare bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu kuvura izi ndwara neza.

Ni iki gikorerwa muri ENA Test?

ENA test ni ukwaka amaraso byoroshye bifata iminota mike gusa. Uzajya muri laboratwari cyangwa mu biro bya muganga wawe, aho umuganga azakora icyitegererezo gito cy'amaraso ava mu urugingo rwo mu kuboko kwawe.

Uburyo nyabwo buroroshye kandi busa n'ibindi bisuzumwa by'amaraso bisanzwe. Umutekinisiye azahanagura ahantu hakorerwa urushinge akoresheje umuti wica udukoko, ashyire urushinge ruto mu urugingo rwawe, hanyuma akuremo amaraso mu tuyunguruzo twihariye.

Ibi nibyo ushobora kwitega mugihe cyo gukora iki gikorwa:

1. Uzasabwa kwicara neza ku ntebe ukoresheje ukuboko kwawe
2. Umutekinisiye azakora umugozi uzenguruka ukuboko kwawe kugirango imitsi igaragarire neza
3. Bazahanagura ahantu hakorerwa urushinge bakoresheje alukolo cyangwa umuti wica udukoko
4. Urushinge ruto ruzashyirwa mu urugingo rwawe (ushobora kumva urumuri gato)
5. Amaraso azakururwa mu tuyunguruzo tumwe cyangwa twinshi
6. Urushinge ruzakurwaho hanyuma hashyirweho agapamba ahantu hakorewe urushinge

Ubusanzwe, iki gikorwa gifata iminota itarenze itanu, kandi abantu benshi ntibabona ko bibabaza cyane kurusha izindi igeragezwa ry'amaraso. Urashobora gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe ako kanya.

Uko witegura igeragezwa rya ENA?

Inkuru nziza ni uko igeragezwa rya ENA risaba gutegurwa guke cyane. Ntabwo ukeneye kwiyiriza cyangwa gukora impinduka zidasanzwe mu mirire mbere y'igeragezwa, ibyo bituma byoroha cyane gutegura.

Urashobora kurya uko bisanzwe, gufata imiti yawe isanzwe, no gukomeza gahunda yawe isanzwe mbere y'igeragezwa. Ariko, buri gihe ni byiza kumenyesha muganga wawe imiti yose ufata, cyane cyane imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa.

Dore intambwe nke zoroshye zo gufasha kugira uburambe bwiza:

• Kwambara ishati ifite amaboko ashobora kuzamurwa byoroshye
• Kuguma ufite amazi ahagije unywa amazi menshi mbere y'igeragezwa
• Kuzana urutonde rw'imiti yose n'ibyongerera imiti ufata ubu
• Kumenyesha umukanishi niba ufite ubwoba bw'inshinge cyangwa wigeze kuvunika mu gihe cyo kuvana amaraso mbere
• Gushobora kuzana agafunguro gato niba ukunda kumva uruhuka nyuma yo kuvana amaraso

Niba ufite impungenge zidasanzwe ku bijyanye n'inshinge, ntugahweme kubivuga ku ikipe y'ubuvuzi. Bafite uburambe mu gufasha abarwayi bafite ubwoba kumva borohewe mu gihe cy'iki gikorwa.

Uko usoma ibisubizo byawe bya ENA?

Ibisubizo bya igeragezwa rya ENA bitangwa nk'uko byaba byiza cyangwa bibi kuri buri mubiri wihariye wageragejwe. Isubizo ribi risobanura ko nta mubiri wagaragaye, mu gihe isubizo ryiza ryerekana ko hari imibiri yihariye kandi akenshi harimo agaciro k'imibare cyangwa titer.

Muganga wawe azasobanura ibi bisubizo hamwe n'ibimenyetso byawe, isuzuma ry'umubiri, n'ibindi bisubizo by'igeragezwa. Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko kugira imibiri ya ENA myiza ntibisobanura ko ufite indwara y'ubudahangarwa, kandi ibisubizo bibi ntibivana imwe rwose.

Ibi bishobora kwerekana ibisubizo bitandukanye bya za antibodi:

• Anti-Sm antibodies: Byihariye cyane kuri systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Anti-RNP antibodies: Bifitanye isano n'indwara ivanze y'imitsi ihuza
• Anti-SSA/Ro antibodies: Bifitanye isano na Sjögren's syndrome na lupus
• Anti-SSB/La antibodies: Akenshi ziboneka muri Sjögren's syndrome
• Anti-Scl-70 antibodies: Bifitanye isano na scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
• Anti-Jo-1 antibodies: Bifitanye isano n'indwara zifata imitsi zifite ububyimbirwe

Wibuke ko abantu bamwe bafite ubuzima bwiza bashobora kugira urwego ruto rw'izi antibodi batarwaye indwara iyo ari yo yose y'ubwirinzi. Muganga wawe azatekereza ishusho yuzuye y'ubuzima bwawe igihe asobanura ibi bisubizo.

Ni iki urwego rwo hejuru rwa ENA risobanura?

Urwego rwo hejuru cyangwa ruziza rwa ENA rwerekana ko urwego rwawe rw'ubwirinzi rukora antibodi zirwanya imitsi yawe bwite. Ibi bigaragaza ibikorwa bishoboka by'ubwirinzi, nubwo bitavuze ko ufite indwara y'ubwirinzi yuzuye ubu.

Ubusobanuro bw'urwego rwo hejuru ruterwa n'antibodi zihariye zazamutse n'urwego rwo hejuru ruriho. Zimwe muri antibodi zirihariye kurusha izindi ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe, kandi urwego rwo hejuru akenshi ruhura n'indwara ikora cyane.

Iyo urwego rwawe rwa ENA ruri hejuru, muganga wawe ashobora gushaka kugukurikiranira hafi kandi ashobora kugusaba ibindi bizami kugira ngo abone ishusho isobanutse y'ibiri kuba mu mubiri wawe.

Ni ikihe kintu gishyira mu kaga urwego rwa ENA rudasanzwe?

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo gukora antibodi zigaragazwa n'ibizamini bya ENA. Kumva ibi bintu bishyira mu kaga birashobora kugufasha na muganga wawe kuguma maso ku bibazo bishobora guteza ubwirinzi.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane cyongera ibyago ni ugira amateka y'imiryango y'indwara ziterwa n'umubiri ubwawo, kuko izi ndwara zikunda kwibasira imiryango. Niba ababyeyi bawe, abavandimwe bawe, cyangwa abandi bo mu muryango wawe bafite lupus, syndrome ya Sjögren, cyangwa izindi ndwara zisa nazo, ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byinshi.

Izindi mpamvu z'ingenzi zongera ibyago zirimo:

• Kuba umugore (indwara ziterwa n'umubiri ubwawo zikunda kwibasira abagore cyane)
• Kuba uri hagati y'imyaka 15-45 (igihe indwara nyinshi ziterwa n'umubiri ubwawo zigaragarira bwa mbere)
• Amoko amwe n'amwe (urugero rwo hejuru mu banyamerika b'abirabura, abanya-hisipaniya, n'abaturuka muri Aziya)
• Kwandura indwara zidasanzwe zishobora gutera imikorere y'umubiri ubwawo
• Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora gutera imikorere y'umubiri ubwawo
• Kugaragara cyane kw'izuba (bishobora gutera lupus ku bantu bashobora kuyirwara)
• Umutwaro mwinshi cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mu buzima
• Umunyonga (yongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara nyinshi ziterwa n'umubiri ubwawo)

Nubwo bimeze bityo, abantu benshi bafite izi mpamvu zongera ibyago ntibigeze barwara indwara ziterwa n'umubiri ubwawo, mu gihe abandi badafite izi mpamvu zigaragara barazifata. Iterambere ry'izi ndwara rishingiye ku mikoranire igoye hagati y'imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibisubizo byiza bya ENA?

Ibisubizo byiza bya ENA akenshi bigaragaza ko hari indwara ziterwa n'umubiri ubwawo zishobora kwibasira ibice byinshi by'umubiri niba zitavuwe. Ingaruka zihariye ziterwa n'ubwoko bw'abasirikare b'umubiri bahari n'indwara yateye.

Kumenya hakiri kare binyuze mu igeragezwa rya ENA bifasha mu gukumira ingaruka nyinshi binyuze mu gutanga ubuvuzi bwihuse. Ariko, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa icyashobora kuba kiramutse izi ndwara zikomeje zitavuwe neza.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zifitanye isano n'ibisubizo byiza bya ENA zirimo:

• Ubumuga bw'ingingo na rubagimpande ihoraho bitera ibibazo byo kugenda
• Ibibazo by'impyiko bishobora kugera ku kunanirwa kw'impyiko
• Ibibazo by'umutima birimo kubyimba kw'umutsi w'umutima
• Uburwayi bw'ibihaha no gukomera kwabyo bigira ingaruka ku guhumeka
• Impinduka z'uruhu zirimo gukomera no kumva cyane
• Amaso yumye ashobora gutera kwangirika kwa korune
• Uruhare rw'imitsi itwara imyanya y'ubwonko rutera ibibazo byo gufatwa n'indwara cyangwa ibibazo byo kumenya
• Indwara z'amaraso zirimo anemia no kugabanuka kw'imisemburo ituma amaraso avura

Inkuru nziza ni uko imiti ya none ishobora guhangana neza n'ibi bibazo iyo bivumbuwe hakiri kare. Kugenzura buri gihe no kuvura neza bishobora gufasha kwirinda cyangwa kugabanya ibi bibazo cyane.

Kuki Nkwiriye Kubonana na Muganga ku Bisubizo bya ENA?

Ugomba rwose gukurikiranwa na muganga wawe igihe ibisubizo byawe bya ENA bibonetse, hatitawe niba ari byiza cyangwa bibi. Muganga wawe akeneye gusobanura ibi bisubizo mu rwego rw'ibimenyetso byawe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Niba ibisubizo byawe ari byiza, ni ngombwa cyane gutegura iyo gahunda yo gukurikirana vuba. Guvura hakiri kare bishobora gutanga itandukaniro rinini mu guhangana neza n'indwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri.

Ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe vuba na bwangu niba ubona kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso mugihe utegereje cyangwa umaze kubona ibisubizo byawe:

• Kubabara cyane mu ngingo cyangwa kubyimba bitunguranye
• Uduheri dushya cyangwa turushaho kwiyongera ku ruhu, cyane cyane ahantu hagaragara izuba
• Urubore ruhoraho rutagira impamvu igaragara
• Impinduka zikomeye mu kunyara cyangwa amaraso mu nkari
• Umunaniro ukabije utuma utabasha gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi
• Kugorana guhumeka cyangwa kubabara mu gituza
• Amaso yumye cyane cyangwa umunwa bigira ingaruka ku kurya cyangwa kuvuga
• Ubugwari bw'imitsi burushaho kwiyongera

Wibuke, kugira ibisubizo byiza bya ENA ntibisobanura ko ugomba guhangayika. Abantu benshi bafite izi ntungamubiri babaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza bafashwa n'ubuvuzi bukwiye no gukurikiranwa.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa ku bijyanye n'Igeragezwa rya ENA

Q1. Ese igeragezwa rya ENA ni ryiza mu gusuzuma indwara ya lupus?

Yego, igeragezwa rya ENA rifite agaciro kanini mu gusuzuma lupus, cyane cyane kuko rishobora kugaragaza intungamubiri za Anti-Sm, zihariye cyane kuri systemic lupus erythematosus. Iyo intungamubiri za Anti-Sm zihari, zerekana cyane lupus kurusha izindi ndwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri.

Iri geragezwa kandi rishobora kugaragaza intungamubiri za Anti-SSA/Ro, ziboneka ku bantu bagera kuri 30-40% bafite lupus. Ariko, abaganga ntibishingikiriza ku igeragezwa rya ENA gusa kugira ngo basuzume lupus – barikoresha hamwe n'ibimenyetso byawe, isuzuma ry'umubiri, n'izindi igeragezwa ry'amaraso kugira ngo bakore isuzuma ryuzuye.

Q2. Ese igeragezwa rya ENA ryerekana ko ndwaye indwara iterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri?

Ntibisabwa. Nubwo ibisubizo byiza bya ENA byerekana ibikorwa by'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri, abantu bamwe bafite ubuzima bwiza bashobora kugira urwego ruto rw'izi ntungamubiri batarigeze barwara indwara iterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri. Muganga wawe azatekereza ku bimenyetso byawe, ibyo yasanze mu isuzuma ry'umubiri, n'ibindi bisubizo by'igeragezwa kugira ngo amenye niba koko urwaye indwara iterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri.

Tekereza ku bisubizo byiza bya ENA nk'ibendera ritukura risaba gukurikiranwa neza kurusha isuzuma rifatika. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kongera gukora igeragezwa cyangwa gukurikiranwa bikomeye kugira ngo arebe niba urwego rw'izo ntungamubiri ruhinduka uko igihe kigenda.

Q3. Ese ibisubizo by'igeragezwa rya ENA birashobora guhinduka uko igihe kigenda?

Yego, ibisubizo by'igeragezwa rya ENA birashobora guhinduka rwose uko igihe kigenda. Urwego rw'intungamubiri rushobora guhindagurika bitewe n'ibikorwa by'indwara, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'izindi mpamvu. Abantu bamwe bashobora gusangwa badafite izo ntungamubiri mu ntangiriro ariko bakazagira ibisubizo byiza nyuma uko indwara yabo ikomeza.

Ibi nibyo bituma abaganga rimwe na rimwe basaba gusubiramo ikizamini, cyane cyane niba ibimenyetso byawe bihinduka cyangwa niba wabanje gusangwa utarwaye ariko ugakomeza kugira ibimenyetso biteye inkeke. Gukurikiranira hafi bifasha kumenya uko uburwayi bwawe buri gusubiza ku buvuzi.

Q4. Hari imiti iyo ari yo yose ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngaruka z'ikizamini cya ENA?

Imiti imwe na imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngaruka z'ikizamini cya ENA, nubwo ibi bidakunze kubaho. Imwe mu miti ikoreshwa mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa ibibazo byo gufatwa, rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera imikorere y'abasirikare b'umubiri.

Imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ziterwa n'umubiri ishobora kugabanya urwego rw'abasirikare b'umubiri uko igihe kigenda gihita. Buri gihe menyesha muganga wawe ku miti yose n'ibyongerera imbaraga ukoresha, kuko aya makuru abafasha gusobanukirwa neza ingaruka z'ikizamini cyawe.

Q5. Ni kangahe ikizamini cya ENA kigomba gusubirwamo?

Uburyo bwo gusubiramo ikizamini cya ENA buterwa n'uko umuntu ameze. Niba ufite indwara yatewe n'umubiri yamenyekanye, muganga wawe ashobora gusubiramo ikizamini buri gihe kugira ngo akurikirane imikorere y'indwara n'uburyo ubuvuzi burimo gusubiza, akenshi buri mezi 6-12.

Niba ikizamini cyawe cya mbere cyari kibi ariko ugakomeza kugira ibimenyetso bigaragaza indwara yatewe n'umubiri, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gusubiramo ikizamini mu mezi 6-12. Ku bantu bafite indwara ziterwa n'umubiri zikora neza kandi zigenzurwa neza, ikizamini gito gishobora kuba gihagije.