Icyo Ikizamini cya Hematocrit Aricyo? Impamvu, Urwego, Uburyo & Ibipimo

Ikizamini cya hematocrit kigereranya umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura mu maraso yawe. Bitekereze nk'uko ugenzura ingano y'amaraso yawe agizwe n'uturemangingo twitwaza umwuka wa oxygene mu mubiri wawe.

Iki kizamini cy'amaraso cyoroshye giha muganga wawe amakuru y'agaciro ku buzima bwawe muri rusange. Gifasha kumenya indwara nka anemia, kumuka kw'amazi, cyangwa indwara z'amaraso zishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe utanga oxygene mu bice byawe.

Icyo ikizamini cya hematocrit aricyo?

Hematocrit ni umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura ugereranyije n'ingano y'amaraso yawe yose. Iyo uzunguruka umuti w'amaraso muri centrifuge, uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura tumanuka hasi, kandi hematocrit igereranya urugero bagize.

Ikizamini gikunze kugaragazwa nk'igipimo. Urugero, niba hematocrit yawe ari 40%, bivuze ko 40% by'ingano y'amaraso yawe igizwe n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura, mu gihe 60% isigaye ari plasma n'ibindi bice by'amaraso.

Urugero rusanzwe rwa hematocrit rutandukanye hagati y'abagabo n'abagore. Abagabo bakunze kugira urugero rwo hejuru kuko bakora uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura twinshi kubera itandukaniro ry'imisemburo.

Kuki ikizamini cya hematocrit gikorwa?

Muganga wawe ategeka ikizamini cya hematocrit kugirango arebe indwara zifitanye isano n'amaraso. Ni kimwe mu bizamini by'amaraso bikunze gukorwa kandi akenshi kiba mu gice cy'ibarura ry'amaraso ryuzuye (CBC) mugihe cyo kugenzura buri gihe.

Ikizamini gifasha kumenya anemia, ibaho iyo udafite uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura duhagije kugirango twitwaze oxygene neza. Gishobora kandi kumenya polycythemia, indwara ufite aho uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura ari twinshi.

Abaganga bakoresha iki kizamini kugirango bakurikirane uburyo usubiza ku miti y'indwara z'amaraso. Niba uri guhabwa imiti ya anemia cyangwa ufata imiti igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amaraso, kugenzura hematocrit buri gihe bifasha gukurikirana iterambere ryawe.

Rimwe na rimwe, ikizamini kigaragaza ko umuntu yumye cyangwa yuzuye amazi. Iyo wumye, hematokirite yawe ishobora kugaragara nk'iyazamutse mu buryo butari bwo kuko amazi make aba mu maraso yawe.

Ni iki gikorwa cyo gupima hematokirite?

Ikizamini cya hematokirite gikubiyemo gufata amaraso yoroshye mu urugingo rwawe rw'ukuboko. Iki gikorwa cyose gifata iminota mike gusa kandi gitera kutumva neza gake.

Umuvuzi w'ubuzima azahanagura ahantu hamwe n'umuti wica udukoko maze ashyire urushinge ruto mu urugingo rwawe. Ushobora kumva urumuri ruto cyangwa urusaku iyo urushinge rwinjiye, ariko abantu benshi babisanga byihanganirwa.

Amaraso atembera mu tuyunguruzo duto twashyizwe ku rushinge. Iyo amaraso ahagije yakusanyijwe, urushinge rukurwaho hanyuma hagashyirwaho agapfuko ku gice.

Urugero rwawe rw'amaraso rwoherezwa muri laboratori aho rutunganyirizwa hakoreshejwe centrifuge. Umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka utandukanya ibice bitandukanye by'amaraso yawe, bigatuma abahanga bapima ijanisha nyakuri ry'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso.

Ni gute wakwitegura ikizamini cyawe cya hematokirite?

Ibizamini byinshi bya hematokirite ntibisaba imyiteguro yihariye ku ruhande rwawe. Urashobora kurya, kunywa, no gufata imiti yawe isanzwe nkuko bisanzwe mbere yikizamini.

Ariko, niba muganga wawe ategetse ibindi bizamini by'amaraso hamwe na hematokirite, ushobora gukenera kwiyiriza imbere y'amasaha 8-12. Umuvuzi wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye niba kwiyiriza bikenewe.

Birafasha kuguma ufite amazi ahagije mbere yikizamini, kuko ibi byorohereza umukanishi kubona urugingo. Kunywa amazi kandi bifasha kumenya neza ko ibisubizo byawe bigaragaza neza imiterere isanzwe y'amaraso yawe.

Jyana imyenda yoroshye ifite amaboko ashobora kuzunguruka byoroshye. Ibi bituma uburyo bwo gufata amaraso bugenda neza kandi bugahumuriza kuri wewe.

Ni gute usoma ikizamini cyawe cya hematokirite?

Ibisubizo bya hematocrite bitangwa mu gipimo cya pourcentage, kandi urugero rusanzwe rugendana n'imyaka yawe n'ubwoko bwawe. Ku bagabo bakuze, urugero rusanzwe ruri hagati ya 41% na 50%, naho abagore bakuze basanzwe bafite urugero ruri hagati ya 36% na 44%.

Abana n'impinja bafite urugero rusanzwe rutandukanye ruhinduka uko bakura. Impinja zikunda kugira urugero rwa hematocrite ruri hejuru cyane rugenda rugabanuka mu mwaka wa mbere w'ubuzima bwabo.

Ibisubizo byawe bizagereranywa n'uru rugero rugaragaza, ariko wibuke ko "bisanzwe" bishobora gutandukana gato hagati y'amavuriro atandukanye. Muganga wawe azasobanura ibisubizo byawe mu rwego rw'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'ibimenyetso byose ushobora kuba urimo guhura nabyo.

Igisubizo kimwe kitari gisanzwe ntigisobanura ko hari ikibazo gikomeye. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gusubiramo ikizamini cyangwa gutumiza ibindi bizamini kugira ngo abone ishusho yuzuye y'ubuzima bwawe.

Ni gute wakosora urugero rwawe rwa hematocrite?

Ubuvuzi bw'urugero rwa hematocrite rutari rusanzwe rushingira rwose ku mpamvu yabyo. Niba urugero rwawe ruri hasi kubera anemia yo kubura icyuma, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ibiyobyabwenge by'icyuma cyangwa guhindura imirire kugira ngo harimo ibiryo birimo icyuma cyinshi.

Kubera hematocrite yo hasi iterwa n'indwara zidakira nka indwara y'impyiko, kuvura indwara y'ibanze akenshi bifasha kunoza imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Ibi bishobora gukubiyemo imiti itera imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura cyangwa gukemura ibibazo by'imirire.

Urugero rwa hematocrite ruri hejuru rushobora gusaba uburyo butandukanye. Niba kumisha ari cyo gitera, kongera kunywa amazi birashobora gufasha gusanzura urugero rwawe. Ku ndwara nka polycythemia vera, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ubuvuzi bwo kugabanya imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura.

Abantu bamwe bafite hematocrite iri hejuru bashobora gukenera phlebotomie ya therapeutic, aho amaraso akurwaho buri gihe kugira ngo agabanye umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura. Ibi bisa no gutanga amaraso ariko bikorwa kubera impamvu z'ubuvuzi.

Ni uruhe rugero rwa hematocrite rwiza?

Urugero rwiza rwa hematokiriti kuri wowe rugwa mu kigereranyo gisanzwe cy'imyaka yawe n'igitsina cyawe. Nta mubare umwe "utunganye" ukoreshwa kuri buri wese, kuko ibintu byihariye bishobora kugira uruhare mu icyo cyiza ku buzima bwawe.

Ku bantu bakuru benshi, urugero rwa hematokiriti ruri hagati mu kigereranyo gisanzwe rugaragaza ubuzima bwiza. Urugero ruri hasi cyane rushobora gutera umunaniro n'intege nke, naho urugero ruri hejuru cyane rushobora kongera ibyago byo kuvura amaraso.

Urugero rwawe rwiza rwa hematokiriti rutewe kandi n'imibereho yawe n'indwara z'ubuzima. Abakinnyi bashobora kugira urugero ruri hejuru gato kubera ko umubiri wabo wamenyereye kongera umwuka wa oxygen.

Abantu baba ahantu harehare bakunze kugira urugero rwa hematokiriti ruri hejuru kuko imibiri yabo ikora uturemangingo tw'amaraso twinshi kugira ngo ihangane n'urugero ruto rwa oxygen mu kirere.

Ni iki gitera ibyago byo kugira hematokiriti nto?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira urugero rwa hematokiriti ruto. Kumva ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha na muganga wawe kumenya ibishobora gutera no gufata ingamba zo gukumira.

Kubura intungamubiri bigaragaza bimwe mu bintu byinshi biteza ibyago. Kubura icyuma ni ingenzi cyane kuko icyuma ari ingenzi mu gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Abagore bafite imyaka yo kubyara bahura n'ibyago byinshi kubera gutakaza amaraso mu gihe cy'imihango.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi biteza ibyago bishobora gutera hematokiriti nto:

• Igihe kirekire cy'imihango cyangwa gutakaza amaraso kenshi
• Kurya nabi icyuma, vitamine B12, cyangwa folate
• Indwara zidakira z'impyiko zigira ingaruka ku gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso
• Indwara zifite ubushyuhe nka rheumatoid arthritis
• Imiti imwe n'imwe igira ingaruka ku gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso
• Gusama, kongera umubare w'amaraso n'ibikenewe by'icyuma
• Indwara zo mu gifu zigira ingaruka ku kunywa intungamubiri
• Kanseri cyangwa imiti ya kanseri nka chimiothérapie
• Indwara z'amagufa zigira ingaruka ku gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zitaboneka kenshi zishobora gutuma hematokiriti iba nkeya. Izi zirimo indwara zishingiye ku mikorere y'urugero rwa gène zigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya hemogulobine, indwara ziterwa n'umubiri ubwawo zangiza uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, n'indwara zimwe na zimwe zica intege imikorere y'umushongi w'amagufa.

Ni iki gitera hematokiriti nyinshi?

Uduce twa hematokiriti dushobora kwiyongera bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye, zimwe muri zo ziba zihari igihe gito izindi zikaba zigaragaza ibibazo by'ubuzima birimo gukomeza. Kumenya izi mpamvu zongera ibyago bifasha muganga wawe kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Kutagira amazi ahagije ni imwe mu mpamvu zisanzwe zitera hematokiriti yiyongera igihe gito. Iyo utakaza amazi binyuze mu gucuruka, kuruka, cyangwa guhitwa, amaraso yawe arushaho kwibumbira, bigatuma hematokiriti igaragara nk'iyiyongereye.

Impamvu nyinshi zishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira urugero rwa hematokiriti rwinshi:

• Kuba ahantu harehare aho urugero rwa ogisijeni ruri hasi
• Umunyonga, ugabanya itangwa rya ogisijeni mu bice by'umubiri
• Indwara z'umwijima zihoraho zituma ogisijeni itinjira neza
• Indwara z'umutima zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amaraso
• Kugira apnea yo gusinzira itera kubura ogisijeni igihe gito
• Imiti imwe na imwe nka terapi ya testosterone
• Polycythemia vera, indwara y'umushongi w'amagufa
• Kutagira amazi ahagije bikabije biturutse ku mpamvu iyo ari yo yose
• Ibimeme by'impyiko bitera erythropoietin nyinshi

Indwara zitaboneka kenshi zishobora gutera hematokiriti nyinshi zirimo guhinduka kwa gène bigira ingaruka ku kumva ogisijeni, ibimeme bimwe na bimwe byo mu bwonko, n'ubumuga bumwe na bumwe bw'umutima bwandurira. Izi ndwara ntizisanzwe ariko zisaba kuvurwa by'umwihariko iyo zihari.

Ni byiza kugira hematokiriti nyinshi cyangwa nkeya?

Nta hematokiriti nyinshi cyangwa nkeya iruta iyindi – intego ni ukugumana urugero ruri hagati y'urugero rusanzwe rw'imyaka yawe n'igitsina. Impamvu zombi zishobora gutera ibibazo by'ubuzima kandi zikerekana indwara zishingiye ku mikorere y'umubiri zikeneye kwitabwaho.

Hematokiriti yo hasi bisobanura ko amaraso yawe adashobora gutwara umwuka wa oxygène neza nk'uko bikwiye. Ibi bitera umunaniro, intege nke, no guhumeka bigoranye kuko imitsi yawe itabona umwuka wa oxygène uhagije kugira ngo ikore neza.

Hematokiriti yo hejuru ituma amaraso yawe aba mazimye kandi akaba ashobora gukora ibibumbe. Ibi byongera ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye nka sitiroki, umutima utera cyane, cyangwa ibibumbe by'amaraso mu maguru yawe cyangwa mu bihaha.

Ikintu cyiza ni ukugira urwego rwa hematokiriti rutuma amaraso yawe atwara umwuka wa oxygène neza mugihe atembera neza mu miyoboro yawe y'amaraso. Ubu bungane bufasha imikorere myiza y'ingingo n'ubuzima muri rusange.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa na hematokiriti yo hasi?

Hematokiriti yo hasi irashobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi niba itavuwe. Ubushobozi bugabanyije bwo gutwara umwuka wa oxygène bw'amaraso yawe bugira ingaruka ku buryo ingingo zawe zikora neza, bishobora gutera ibimenyetso byihuse n'ibibazo by'ubuzima by'igihe kirekire.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ziterwa n'umubiri wawe udashobora gutanga umwuka wa oxygène uhagije mu mitsi. Umutima wawe ushobora gukora cyane kugira ngo utere amaraso, bishobora gutera ibibazo by'umutima nyuma y'igihe.

Dore ingaruka zikomeye zifitanye isano na hematokiriti yo hasi:

• Umunaniro ukabije n'intege nke bibuza ibikorwa bya buri munsi
• Kugira umwuka muke, cyane cyane mugihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Umutima utera cyane cyangwa utagenda neza mugihe umutima wawe ukora cyane
• Kugorana kwibanda no kugira ibibazo byo kwibuka
• Kwiyongera kw'ibyago byo kwandura indwara kubera urugero ruto rw'ubudahangarwa
• Indwara y'amaguru adatuje n'ibibazo byo gusinzira
• Kunanirwa k'umutima niba icyo kibazo gikomeye kandi kimaze igihe kirekire
• Gukererwa gukira kw'ibikomere no gukira indwara
• Ingaruka mugihe cyo gutwita ku babyeyi bombi n'umwana

Ibikomere bidasanzwe ariko bikomeye bishobora kurimo umutima wiyongera kubera gukora cyane kugira ngo utere amaraso, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, kwangirika kw'ingingo bitewe no kubura umwuka wa oxygen igihe kirekire. Abana bafite hematocrit yo hasi cyane bashobora guhura no gutinda mu mikurire.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa na hematocrit yo hejuru?

Hematocrit yo hejuru ituma amaraso akora nk'umushongi, akaba atagenda neza mu miyoboro y'amaraso yawe. Uku kongera ubushake bituma umubare w'ibibazo byo gukora ibibazo by'amaraso bikomeye mu mubiri wawe byiyongera cyane.

Ibikomere bya hematocrit yo hejuru akenshi biba bikomeye cyane kurusha ibya hematocrit yo hasi. Ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo by'umutima byiyongera cyane iyo urwego rwa hematocrit rukomeje kuba rwo hejuru.

Ibikomere by'ibanze ushobora guhura nabyo hamwe na hematocrit yo hejuru birimo:

• Ibibazo by'amaraso mu maguru yawe (thrombose y'imitsi yimbitse)
• Pulmonary embolism iyo ibibazo bigenda mu muhaha wawe
• Stroke bitewe n'ibibazo bibuza amaraso kugera mu bwonko bwawe
• Umutima uterwa n'ibibazo mu miyoboro y'amaraso
• Umubare munini w'amaraso bitewe no kwiyongera kw'amaraso
• Umutwe no kuribwa bitewe no kutagira amaraso ahagije
• Ibibazo byo kureba bitewe n'imihindagurikire y'imitsi y'amaraso mu maso yawe
• Ibibazo byo kuva amaraso nubwo amaraso akomeye
• Gout bitewe no kwiyongera kw'isenyuka ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura

Ibikomere bidasanzwe ariko bikomeye birimo ibibazo by'impyiko bitewe no kutagira amaraso ahagije, kwiyongera kw'umwijima, kandi mu bihe bidasanzwe, guhinduka kwa leukemia mu bantu bafite ibibazo by'amaraso. Abantu bamwe bashobora kandi guhura no kuribwa, cyane cyane nyuma yo koga amazi ashyushye cyangwa kwiyuhagira.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga kugira ngo akore isuzuma rya hematocrit?

Ukwiriye kubona umuganga niba uhuye n'ibimenyetso bihoraho bishobora kugaragaza urwego rwa hematocrit rudasanzwe. Abantu benshi ntibamenya ko bafite ikibazo kugeza igihe ibimenyetso bigaragara mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.

Ku bijyanye na hematokiriti nto, genzura umunaniro udakira ukoresheje kuruhuka, guhumeka nabi mu bikorwa bisanzwe, cyangwa uruhu rworoshye n'inzara. Ibi bimenyetso bikwiriye isuzuma ryo kwa muganga kabone n'iyo bisa nk'ibyoroshye.

Ibimenyetso byerekana ko ukeneye ubufasha bwa muganga birimo:

• Umunaniro ukabije utuma utabasha gukora akazi cyangwa ibikorwa bya buri munsi
• Kugira umwuka mubi mu gihe ukora imirimo isanzwe
• Umutima utera cyane cyangwa kuribwa mu gituza
• Uruhu rworoshye cyane, iminwa, cyangwa inzara
• Kubabara umutwe kenshi cyangwa kuribwa umutwe
• Ibiganza n'ibirenge bikonje nubwo hari ubushyuhe bwiza
• Kugorana kwibuka cyangwa ibibazo byo kwibuka
• Imihango iremereye cyangwa kuva amaraso bidasanzwe
• Kubabara amaguru bihoraho cyangwa kubyimba

Shaka ubufasha bwihuse bwa muganga niba ubonye ibimenyetso bikomeye nk'kuribwa mu gituza, kugorana guhumeka, kubabara umutwe bikomeye, cyangwa ibimenyetso bya sitiroki. Ibi bishobora kwerekana ingorane zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye n'isuzuma rya hematokiriti

Q.1 Ese isuzuma rya hematokiriti rifasha mu kumenya anemia?

Yego, isuzuma rya hematokiriti ni ryiza cyane mu kumenya anemia kandi akenshi ni isuzuma rya mbere abaganga bakoresha iyo bakeka iyi ndwara. Anemia ibaho iyo udafite uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura duhagije, kandi hematokiriti ipima mu buryo butaziguye umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura mu maraso yawe.

Isuzuma rishobora kumenya anemia mbere yuko ubona ibimenyetso. Ariko, rikora neza iyo rihuriye n'izindi suzuma nk'urugero rwa hemoglobin n'umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura kugira ngo rutange ishusho yuzuye y'ubuzima bw'amaraso yawe.

Q.2 Ese hematokiriti nto itera umunaniro?

Hematokiriti nto akenshi itera umunaniro kuko amaraso yawe adashobora gutwara umwuka neza mu bice byawe by'umubiri. Iyo ingingo zawe n'imitsi yawe zitabonye umwuka uhagije, ntizishobora gukora neza, bigatuma umunaniro uhoraho n'intege nke.

Uku kunanirwa akenshi kumera ukundi kuva umunaniro usanzwe - ntugenda neza iyo uruhutse kandi ushobora kwiyongera iyo ukoze imyitozo ngororamubiri. Abantu benshi babisobanura nk'uko bumva bananiwe nubwo baryamye ijoro ryose.

Q.3 Kwuma kw'amazi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngaruka za hematocrite?

Yego, kwuma kw'amazi bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka za hematocrite yawe bituma zigaragara nk'izazamutse mu buryo butari bwo. Iyo wumye amazi, uba ufite amazi make mu maraso yawe, ibyo bikongerera umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso kandi bikongerera ijanisha rya hematocrite.

Ibi nibyo bituma ari ngombwa kuguma ufite amazi ahagije mbere yo gupima amaraso. Niba wumye amazi mugihe cyo gupima, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gusubiramo ibizamini nyuma yo kunywa amazi ahagije kugirango ubone ibisubizo by'ukuri.

Q.4 Nshobora gupimisha hematocrite yanjye inshuro zingahe?

Uburyo bwo gupima hematocrite buterwa n'ubuzima bwawe n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga. Abantu bakuru bafite ubuzima bwiza babipimisha mugihe cyo kugenzura umubiri buri mwaka nk'igice cy'ibizamini bisanzwe by'amaraso.

Niba ufite indwara nka anemie, indwara y'impyiko, cyangwa ufata imiti igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amaraso, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupima buri mezi 3-6. Abantu bakira ubuvuzi bw'indwara z'amaraso bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa kenshi.

Q.5 Imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora kugira ingaruka ku rwego rwa hematocrite?

Imyitozo ngororamubiri ya buri munsi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku rwego rwa hematocrite yawe uko igihe kigenda. Abakinnyi b'imikino yo kwihangana akenshi baba bafite urwego rwa hematocrite rwo hejuru kuko imibiri yabo yimenyereza ibikenewe by'umwuka mwiza binyuze mu gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso twinshi.

Ariko, imyitozo ikomeye mbere gato yo gupima ishobora kugira ingaruka by'agateganyo ku ngaruka kubera impinduka z'amazi mu mubiri wawe. Ni byiza kwirinda imyitozo ikomeye mu masaha 24 mbere yo gupima amaraso kugirango ubone ibisubizo by'ukuri.