Ni iki cyitwa In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF)? Impamvu, Uburyo & Ibivamo

In-vitro fertilization (IVF) ni uburyo bwo kuvura ububabare bwo kubyara aho igi na sperime bihurizwa hanze y'umubiri muri laboratwari. Ubu buryo butuma habaho intanga zishobora koherezwa mu mura wawe kugirango bigufashe gusama.

IVF yafashije imiryango ya miliyoni ku isi hose kugera ku nzozi zabo zo kugira abana. Nubwo bishobora kugaragara nk'ibigoye mbere na mbere, gusobanukirwa n'ubu buryo birashobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere kandi witeguye niba utekereza kuri iyi nzira yo kuba umubyeyi.

Ni iki cyitwa In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF)?

IVF ni ubwoko bwa tekinoloji ifasha mu kubyara ikuraho imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe zo kubyara binyuze mu guhuza amagi na sperime ahantu habugenewe muri laboratwari. Ijambo “in-vitro” risobanura “mu kirahure”, rivuga ku birahure bya laboratwari aho ifumbatiza ibera.

Mugihe cya IVF, imitsi yawe irahwiturwa kugirango itange amagi menshi, hanyuma akavanwaho agahuzwa na sperime muri laboratwari. Intanga zivuyemo zikorerwa iminsi myinshi mbere yuko imwe cyangwa nyinshi zoherezwa mu mura wawe.

Ubu buryo buha abashakanye n'abantu ku giti cyabo inzira zitandukanye zo gusama iyo gusama bisanzwe byagoye. Intsinzi ya IVF yarushijeho kuzamuka cyane mu myaka mirongo ishize, hamwe n'uburyo bwiza bwo guteza imbere intanga.

Kuki IVF ikorwa?

IVF iterwa inkunga iyo izindi nzira zo kuvura ububabare bwo kubyara zitagize icyo zikora cyangwa iyo indwara zihariye zituma gusama bisanzwe bigorana. Muganga wawe ashobora gutanga icyifuzo cya IVF nk'uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura mu bihe bimwe na bimwe cyangwa nyuma yo kugerageza izindi nzira.

Impamvu zisanzwe za IVF zirimo imiyoboro ya fallopian yazibwe cyangwa yangiritse, ibyo bikabuza amagi kugera mu mura mu buryo busanzwe. Ububabare bwo kubyara bw'abagabo, nko kugabanuka kwa sperime cyangwa imiterere mibi ya sperime, ni ikindi kimenyetso gikunze kugaragara cyo kuvurwa na IVF.

Ibi nibyo bibazo by'ingenzi bishobora gutuma umuntu akenera kuvurwa na IVF:

• Imitsi ifunga amagi yabayeho ibibazo, yangiritse, cyangwa idahari
• Ubugumba bukomeye buterwa n'abagabo
• Ubugumba butasobanutse nyuma yo gukoresha izindi nzira zo kuvura
• Endometriose igira ingaruka ku burezi
• Uburwayi bwo kubura imisemburo ituma amagi aboneka
• Kunanirwa kw'intanga ngore mbere y'igihe
• Uburwayi bwo mu bwoko busaba gupima intanga zikiri mu nda
• Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri bugira ingaruka ku burezi
• Abashakanye bahuje ibitsina bakoresha intanga z'abandi
• Abagore bonyine bakoresha intanga z'abandi

Umuhanga mu by'ubuzima bw'imyororokere azasuzuma uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi kugira ngo amenye niba IVF ariyo nzira ikwiriye kuri wowe. Rimwe na rimwe IVF iba igisubizo cyiza nyuma yo gukoresha izindi nzira zo kuvura nko gukoresha imiti ituma ubuzima bw'imyororokere bukora neza cyangwa gutera intanga mu mura bitagize icyo bigeraho.

Ni iki gikorerwa muri IVF?

Uburyo bwa IVF busanzwe bufata ibyumweru 4-6 kuva gutangira kugeza kurangiza kandi bugizwe n'intambwe nyinshi zikurikizwa neza. Buri ntambwe igamije kongera amahirwe yo kubona intanga zikora neza no gutwita.

Urugendo rwawe rutangirana no gushishikariza intanga ngore, aho uzakoresha imiti ituma ubuzima bw'imyororokere bukora neza kugira ngo ushishikarize intanga ngore zawe gukora amagi menshi aho gukora igi rimwe risanzwe rikura buri kwezi. Ibi bituma ugira amahirwe menshi yo kubona intanga zikora neza.

Ibi nibyo bibaho muri buri gice cya IVF:

1. Gushishikariza Intanga z'Intara (iminsi 8-14): Uzajya wikingiza imisemburo buri munsi kugira ngo ushishikarize intanga nyinshi. Muganga wawe azajya akurikirana uko urimo utera imbere akoresheje ibizamini by'amaraso na za ultrasounds buri minsi mike.
2. Gukurura Intanga (umunsi 1): Iyo intanga zawe zimaze gukura, uzahabwa urushinge rwo gutera imbere maze ukorweho uburyo bwo kubaga buto bwo gukura intanga mu ntara zawe ukoresheje ultrasound.
3. Guhuza (umunsi 1): Intanga zawe zihuzwa n'intanga ngabo muri laboratori. Ibi bishobora kubaho hakoreshejwe IVF isanzwe cyangwa intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) niba bibaye ngombwa.
4. Ubwoko bw'Uruzi (iminsi 3-6): Imirundo yatewe inda irakurikiranwa uko itera imbere muri laboratori. Umuganga w'imirundo azasuzuma ubuziranenge bwayo n'imikurire yayo.
5. Gushyira Uruzi (umunsi 1): Urumwe cyangwa byinshi mu mirundo ifite ubuzima bwiza ishyirwa mu mura wawe hakoreshejwe catheter ntoya, yoroshye. Ibi mubisanzwe ntibibabaza kandi ntibisaba anesthesia.
6. Ibizamini byo kumenya niba utwite (iminsi 10-14 nyuma): Uzategereza hafi icyumweru kimwe mbere yo gukora ikizamini cy'amaraso kugira ngo umenye niba ubuvuzi bwaragize icyo bugeraho.

Muri ubu buryo bwose, ikipe yawe y'abaganga izatanga amabwiriza arambuye n'ubufasha. Amavuriro menshi kandi atanga serivisi z'inama kugira ngo zigufashe mu ngaruka zo mu mutwe z'ubuvuzi.

Ni gute wakitegura ubuvuzi bwawe bwa IVF?

Kutegurira IVF bikubiyemo kwitegura mu buryo bw'umubiri no mu mutwe kugira ngo wowe ubwawe ube ufite amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda. Kwitegura kwawe gutangira mu by'ukuri ibyumweru byinshi mbere y'uko uruziga rwawe rw'ubuvuzi rutangira.

Muganga wawe ashobora gusaba impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu mibereho yawe n'ibizamini by'ibanze kugira ngo utunganye ubuzima bwawe mbere yo gutangira IVF. Ibi byiteguro bifasha gukora ahantu heza hashoboka kugira ngo ubuvuzi bugende neza.

Dore intambwe z'ingenzi zo kwitegura ikipe yawe y'ubuzima ishobora gusaba:

• Gukora ibizamini byuzuye byerekeye ubuzima bw'imbyaro ku bafatanyabikorwa bombi
• Kunywa imiti y'ibanze mbere yo gutwita, cyane cyane aside folike
• Kugira imirire myiza no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe
• Kugera ku gipimo cy'ubuzima cy'umubiri kandi ukakigumana
• Kureka kunywa itabi no kugabanya kunywa inzoga
• Kugabanya kunywa kafeine
• Kugabanya umunaniro ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuruhuka
• Kuryama bihagije (amasaha 7-9 nijoro)
• Kureba imiti yose hamwe na muganga wawe
• Kugisha inama cyangwa amatsinda yo gufashanya

Ivuriro ryawe rizatanga amabwiriza arambuye yerekeye imiti yo kwirinda n'inzitizi zose z'imirire. Bazakwigisha kandi uburyo bwo kwitera inshinge no kuguha kalendari yuzuye y'imiti.

Uburyo bwo gusoma ibisubizo bya IVF?

Gusobanukirwa ibisubizo bya IVF bikubiyemo kureba ibipimo byinshi by'ingenzi n'ibisubizo byavuye mu cyiciro cyose cy'imiti yawe. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizasobanura buri gisubizo n'icyo bisobanuye ku gahunda yawe y'imiti.

Imibare ya mbere y'ingenzi uzabona yerekeye uburyo wasubije ku gushishikariza intanga. Muganga wawe azagenzura urwego rw'imisemburo yawe n'umubare n'ubunini bw'utwenge dukura ukoresheje ibizamini by'amaraso na ultrasounds.

Dore ibisubizo nyamukuru uzahura nabyo mugihe cya IVF:

• Urugero rwa Estradiol: Uru rwego rw'imisemburo rugaragaza uburyo intanga zawe zisubiza imiti ishimisha
• Umubare w'utwenge n'ubunini: Yerekana amafaranga y'amagi akura kandi igihe azaba yiteguye gukurwaho
• Umubare w'amagi yakuruwe: Umubare wose w'amagi yakuze yakusanyirijwe mugihe cy'inzira yawe
• Igipimo cyo kubyara: Igipimo cy'amagi cyashoboye guhura n'intanga
• Amasomo y'ubwiza bw'indyo: Isuzuma ry'uburyo indyo zawe zisa nkaho zifite ubuzima bwiza kandi zishoboka
• Urugero rwa Beta hCG: Urugero rw'imisemburo yo gutwita yagereranyijwe mu kizamini cyawe cy'amaraso

Umuhanga wawe mu bijyanye n'ubuzima bw'imbyaro azasobanura ibisubizo byawe mu rwego rw'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze. Urwego rwo gutsinda rushobora guhinduka cyane bitewe n'ibintu nk'imyaka, icyorezo, n'amabwiriza ya kliniki, bityo muganga wawe azagufasha gusobanukirwa icyo ibisubizo byawe byihariye bisobanura.

Ni gute watezimbere urwego rwo gutsinda rwa IVF?

Nubwo udashobora kugenzura ibintu byose bigira uruhare mu gutsinda kwa IVF, hariho intambwe nyinshi zishingiye ku bimenyetso ushobora gufata kugirango utezimbere amahirwe yawe. Impinduka ntoya z'imibereho zirashobora gutanga itandukaniro rifatika mu ngaruka z'imivurire yawe.

Ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'imibereho myiza bigira uruhare runini mu gutsinda kwa IVF. Jya wibanda ku kurema ibidukikije bifite ubuzima bwiza bushoboka kugirango ugire uruhare mu gutwita no guteza imbere inda hakiri kare.

Dore uburyo bwemejwe bwo gushyigikira imivurire yawe ya IVF:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye, irimo intungamubiri nyinshi
• Kunywa imiti yategetswe nka aside ya folike na vitamine D
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ukoresha imyitozo yo hagati
• Gucunga umunaniro ukoresha meditasiyo, yoga, cyangwa inama
• Kuryama neza ku gihe giteganijwe
• Kwimuka itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi
• Kugabanya cafeine kuva kuri 200mg buri munsi
• Gukurikiza amabwiriza yose y'imiti neza
• Kwitabira gahunda zose zateganyijwe
• Tekereza ku gukoresha acupuncture niba kliniki yawe ibisaba

Imyaka yawe nicyo kintu cyingenzi kigira uruhare mu gutsinda kwa IVF, hamwe nurwego rwo gutsinda rwo hejuru rukunze kugaragara kubagore bakiri bato. Ariko, ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare mu gutsinda, kandi ikipe yawe y'abaganga izakorana nawe kugirango iteze imbere gahunda yawe yihariye y'imivurire.

Ni ibihe bintu bigira uruhare mu kunanirwa kwa IVF?

Ibintu byinshi birashobora kugira uruhare mu gutsinda kwa IVF, kandi kubisobanukirwa birashobora kugufasha kugira ibyiringiro bifatika kubyerekeye imivurire yawe. Nubwo ibintu bimwe bigira uruhare mu kunanirwa bidashobora guhinduka, ibindi birashobora gukemurwa hakoreshejwe impinduka z'imibereho cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura bw'ubuvuzi.

Imyaka ni yo mpamvu ikomeye cyane igira uruhare ku myanzuro ya IVF, aho amahirwe yo gutsinda agabanuka uko abagore bagenda basaza. Ibi bibaho kuko ubuziranenge n'umubare w'amagi bisanzwe bigabanuka uko umuntu asaza, bigira ingaruka ku ifumbatiza n'imikurire y'urukundo.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi bishobora kugira uruhare ku gutsinda kwa IVF:

• Imyaka y'umubyeyi igeze hejuru: Amahirwe yo gutsinda aragabanuka cyane nyuma y'imyaka 35 kandi bikaba bibi cyane nyuma ya 40
• Ubuziranenge bw'igi budahagije: Bishobora guterwa n'imyaka, imiterere ya za gène, cyangwa indwara
• Ubugumba bukomeye buterwa n'abagabo: Umubare muto cyane w'intanga cyangwa ubuziranenge buke bw'intanga
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umura: Ibibazo by'imiterere bigira ingaruka ku gushyirwa mu mwanya w'urukundo
• Ibibazo byo mu nda: Ibibazo byo mu gice cy'umura
• Kunanirwa kwa IVF kwabayeho mbere: Ibihe byinshi bitagize icyo bigeraho bishobora kwerekana ibibazo byihishe
• Umunyonga: Bigabanya cyane amahirwe yo gutsinda ku bafatanyabikorwa bombi
• Umubyibuho ukabije: Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku rwego rw'imisemburo no gusubiza mu buryo bwiza imiti
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe: Nka PCOS, endometriosis, cyangwa indwara ziterwa n'umubiri w'umuntu

Umuhanga wawe mu bijyanye n'ubuzima bw'imyororokere azasuzuma ibyo bintu bigira uruhare mu kwangiza ubuzima kandi ashobora kugusaba ibindi bizami cyangwa imiti yo gukemura ibintu bishobora guhinduka. Wibuke ko nubwo hari ibintu bigira uruhare, abantu benshi bagera ku nda zikora neza binyuze muri IVF.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa na IVF?

Nubwo IVF muri rusange itekanye, nk'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, ifite ibyago bimwe na bimwe n'ingaruka zishobora kuvuka. Abantu benshi banyura muri IVF nta bibazo bikomeye, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya icyo ugomba kwitondera.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ziterwa n'imiti ikoreshwa mu kubyara zirimo kutumva neza, kubyimba, no guhinduka kw'amarangamutima. Ibi bisanzwe bikemuka igihe cyose imiti irangiye.

Dore ingaruka zishobora kuvuka ugomba kumenya:

• Indwara ya ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): Indwara idakunze kubaho ariko ikomeye aho intanga ngore zibyimba kandi zikababara
• Gusama inda nyinshi: Ibyago byinshi byo kubyara impanga cyangwa abana batatu, bikaba bifite ibindi byago by'ubuzima
• Gusama inda hanze y'umura: Ibyago byiyongereyeho gato byo gusama inda hanze y'umura
• Kuva amaraso cyangwa kwandura: Ibyago bito bifitanye isano n'uburyo bwo gukuramo intanga
• Umutwaro wo mu mutwe: Uburyo bwo kuvurwa bushobora kuba bugoye mu mutwe
• Ubumuga bwo kuvuka: Ibyago byiyongereyeho gato, nubwo abana benshi bavuka bavuye muri IVF baba bafite ubuzima bwiza
• Kubyara imburagihe: Ibyago byiyongereyeho gato, cyane cyane iyo hari inda nyinshi

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagukurikiranira hafi mu gihe cyose cyo kuvurwa kugira ngo rigabanye ibyo byago. Bazatanga amabwiriza arambuye yerekeye ibimenyetso byo kwitondera n'igihe cyo kubahamagara ako kanya.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubonana na muganga kugira ngo ngire inama kuri IVF?

Wagombye gutekereza kubonana n'inzobere mu bijyanye n'uburumbuke niba umaze umwaka ugenda ugerageza kubona urubyaro ntibigende neza, cyangwa amezi atandatu niba urengeje imyaka 35. Ariko, indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutuma ubonana na muganga mbere y'igihe.

Ntuzinduke niba ufite ibibazo bizwi by'uburumbuke cyangwa indwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo kubona urubyaro. Kubonana na muganga hakiri kare bishobora gufasha kumenya ibibazo no gukora gahunda yo kuvura ikwiriye imiterere yawe.

Aha hari ibihe ukwiriye gushaka inama ku bijyanye n'uburumbuke vuba na bwangu:

• Uri hejuru y'imyaka 35 kandi umaze amezi 6 ugerageza
• Ufite imihango idasanzwe cyangwa idahari
• Wagize inda zikurwamo inshuro nyinshi
• Ufite amateka y'indwara yo mu kizunguruko
• Wagaragayeho indwara ya endometriosis
• Uwo mwashakanye afite ibibazo bizwi by'uburumbuke
• Ufite amateka mu muryango ya menopause yo hambere
• Wagize imiti ya kanseri yashoboraga kugira ingaruka ku burumbuke
• Muri abashakanye bahuje ibitsina cyangwa umuntu umwe ushaka kubyara

Wibuke ko kugisha inama ku burumbuke bitavuga ko ukeneye IVF. Muganga wawe azasuzuma uko uhagaze kandi ashobora kugusaba izindi miti mbere, nka imiti y'uburumbuke cyangwa gutera intanga mu mura.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kuri IVF

Q.1 Ese imiti ya IVF ni myiza ku burumbuke butasobanuwe?

Yego, IVF irashobora kuba imiti ifatika ku burumbuke butasobanuwe, cyane cyane iyo izindi miti zitagize icyo zikora. Uburumbuke butasobanuwe bugira uruhare kuri 10-15% by'ibyago byose by'uburumbuke, aho ibizamini bisanzwe bitagaragaza impamvu igaragara.

IVF irashobora gufasha gutsinda ibibazo by'uburumbuke bito bishobora kutagaragazwa binyuze mu bizamini bisanzwe. Ubu buryo bufasha abaganga kureba ubuziranenge bw'igi, uko ifumbatiza, n'iterambere ry'umwana uri mu nda, bishobora gutanga ubumenyi bw'agaciro ku bibazo bishobora guteza uburumbuke.

Q.2 Ese imyaka igira ingaruka ku kigereranyo cy'ubushobozi bwa IVF?

Imyaka igira ingaruka zikomeye ku kigereranyo cy'ubushobozi bwa IVF, hamwe n'ingaruka zikomeye ku burumbuke bw'abagore. Igereranyo ry'ubushobozi riri hejuru ku bagore bari munsi y'imyaka 35 kandi rigabanuka buhoro buhoro uko imyaka yiyongera, cyane cyane nyuma y'imyaka 40.

Ibi bibaho kuko ubuziranenge n'umubare w'amagi bigabanuka mu buryo busanzwe uko imyaka yiyongera, bigira ingaruka ku kigereranyo cyo gufumbatiza no gukura kw'umwana uri mu nda. Ariko, abagore benshi barengeje imyaka 35 baracyabona inda zikomeye binyuze muri IVF, kandi ibintu by'ubuzima bwawe bwite bifite akamaro kurusha imyaka yonyine.

Q.3 Nshobora kugerageza inshuro zingahe za IVF?

Abahanga benshi mu bijyanye n'ubuzima bw'imbyaro basaba ko igeragezwa nibura ry'inzego 2-3 za IVF mbere yo gutekereza ku zindi nzira, kuko amahirwe yo gutsinda yiyongera mu gihe cy'izindi ngeragezo. Ariko, umubare w'inzego zikwiriye kuri wowe biterwa n'uko ubuzima bwawe bwite bumeze, imyaka yawe, n'uburyo witwara ku buvuzi.

Muganga wawe azasuzuma ibintu nk'ubuziranenge bw'intanga ngore zawe, imikurire y'urukundo, n'ibibazo byose by'imbyaro byihishe kugira ngo afashe kumenya uburyo bwiza. Abantu bamwe batsinda mu nzego zabo za mbere, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera izindi ngeragezo cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura butandukanye.

Q.4 Ese impinduka mu mibereho zishobora guteza imbere intsinzi ya IVF?

Yego, impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu mibereho zishobora kugira uruhare rwiza mu gutsinda kwa IVF. Kugumana uburemere bwiza, kurya indyo yuzuye, gukora imyitozo buri gihe, no gucunga umunaniro byose bishobora gushyigikira ubuvuzi bwawe bw'imbyaro.

Impinduka z'ingenzi zirimo guhagarika itabi, kugabanya kunywa inzoga, gufata imiti mbere yo kubyara, no gusinzira bihagije. Izi mpinduka zifasha kurema ibidukikije byiza bishoboka kugira ngo habeho gutwita neza no gukura kw'umwana hakiri kare.

Q.5 Ese IVF irishyurwa n'ubwishingizi?

Ubwishingizi bwa IVF butandukanye cyane bitewe n'aho uherereye, gahunda y'ubwishingizi, n'inyungu z'abakoresha. Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bisaba ko amasosiyete y'ubwishingizi yishyura ubuvuzi bw'imbyaro, mu gihe ibindi bitategeka ubwishingizi ubwo aribwo bwose.

Ganira n'umutanga w'ubwishingizi kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza inyungu zawe zihariye n'ibisabwa byose by'ubwishingizi, nk'uburenganzira mbere y'igihe cyangwa kuzuza ibipimo bimwe na bimwe. Amavuriro menshi y'imbyaro nayo atanga uburyo bwo kubona imari cyangwa gahunda zo kwishyura kugira ngo bifashe gukora ubuvuzi buhendutse.