Gusama mu Kiyiko (IVF)

Gusama mu gikombe (In vitro fertilization), bizwi kandi nka IVF, ni uburyo bugoramye bw’ibikorwa bishobora gutuma umuntu atwita. Ni ubuvuzi bw’ububura bw’imyororokere, ikibazo gituma udashobora gutwita nyuma y’umwaka nibura wose w’igerageza ku bantu benshi. IVF ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kwirinda guhererekanya ibibazo by’imiterere y’umubiri ku mwana.

Gushimikira imbunda mu gikombe (IVF) ni ubuvuzi bw’uburengane cyangwa ibibazo by’imiterere y’umubiri. Mbere y’uko ukoresha IVF kuvura uburengane, wowe n’uwo mwashakanye mushobora kugerageza izindi nzira z’ubuvuzi zikubiyemo imikorere mike cyangwa nta na imwe igera mu mubiri. Urugero, imiti yongerera ubushobozi bwo kubyara ifasha ovaire gukora amagi menshi. Kandi uburyo bwitwa gushyira intanga mu kibuno (intrauterine insemination) bushyira intanga mu kibuno hafi y’igihe ovaire isohora igi, bita ovulation. Rimwe na rimwe, IVF itangwa nk’ubuvuzi nyamukuru bw’uburengane mu bantu barengeje imyaka 40. Irashobora kandi gukorwa niba ufite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by’ubuzima. Urugero, IVF ishobora kuba igisubizo niba wowe cyangwa uwo mwashakanye mugira: Akaga cyangwa ikibazo mu muyoboro wa Fallopian. Amagi ava mu mavi ajya mu kibuno anyuze mu muyoboro wa Fallopian. Niba imiyoboro yombi yangiritse cyangwa ikagira ikibazo, bigorana ko igi gishobora guterwa cyangwa ko embryon ishobora kujya mu kibuno. Ibibazo byo gusohora igi. Niba ovulation itaba cyangwa itaba kenshi, amagi make ni yo aba aboneka kugira ngo aterwe n’intanga. Endometriosis. Iki kibazo kibaho iyo umubiri umeze nk’uruhande rw’imbere rw’ikibuno ukura hanze y’ikibuno. Endometriosis ikunda kugira ingaruka ku mavi, ikibuno n’imiyoboro ya Fallopian. Uterine fibroids. Fibroids ni udukoko tuba mu kibuno. Akenshi, ntabwo ari kanseri. Ziramenyerewe mu bantu bari mu myaka 30 na 40. Fibroids zishobora gutuma igi cyaterwaga kigira ikibazo cyo kwifata ku ruhande rw’imbere rw’ikibuno. Ibibujijwe byabanje kugira ngo birinde gutwita. Igikorwa cyitwa tubal ligation gikubiyemo gukata cyangwa gufunga imiyoboro ya Fallopian kugira ngo birinde gutwita burundu. Niba wifuza gutwita nyuma ya tubal ligation, IVF ishobora kugufasha. Ishobora kuba igisubizo niba utashaka cyangwa udashobora kubagwa kugira ngo ugarure tubal ligation. Ibibazo by’intanga. Umubare muke w’intanga cyangwa impinduka zidasanzwe mu mikorere yazo, ubunini cyangwa ishusho byazo bishobora gutuma bigorana ko intanga zatera igi. Niba ibizamini by’ubuvuzi bisanze hari ibibazo by’intanga, gusura umuganga w’inzobere mu burengane bishobora kuba bikenewe kugira ngo urebe niba hari ibibazo bishobora kuvurwa cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima. Uburengane budasobanuwe. Ibi ni igihe ibizamini bitashobora kubona impamvu y’uburengane bw’umuntu. Indwara y’imiterere y’umubiri. Niba wowe cyangwa uwo mwashakanye muri mu kaga ko kohereza indwara y’imiterere y’umubiri ku mwana wanyu, itsinda ryanyu ry’ubuvuzi rishobora kubagira inama yo gukora uburyo bukubiyemo IVF. Bwitwa preimplantation genetic testing. Nyuma y’aho amagi akurwaho kandi akaterwa, arapimwa kugira ngo harebwe ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by’imiterere y’umubiri. Ariko, si izo ndwara zose zishobora kuboneka. Embryo zisa ntizigira ikibazo cy’imiterere y’umubiri zishobora gushyirwa mu kibuno. Icyifuzo cyo kubika ubushobozi bwo kubyara kubera kanseri cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima. Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri nko kurasa cyangwa chemotherapy bishobora kwangiza ubushobozi bwo kubyara. Niba ugiye gutangira kuvurwa kanseri, IVF ishobora kuba uburyo bwo kugira umwana mu gihe kizaza. Amagi ashobora gukurwa mu mavi akabikwa kugira ngo akoreshwe nyuma. Cyangwa amagi ashobora guterwa akabikwa nk’embryo kugira ngo akoreshwe nyuma. Abantu badafite ikibuno gikora cyangwa abo gutwita bibatera ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima bashobora guhitamo IVF bakoresheje undi muntu wo gutwara inda. Uwo muntu yitwa umutwite w’inda. Muri iki gihe, amagi yawe aterwa n’intanga, ariko embryon zivamo zishyirwa mu kibuno cy’umutwite w’inda.

IVF izamura ibyago byo kugira ibibazo bimwe byo kwivuza.Kuva mu gihe gito kugeza ku gihe kirekire, ibyo byago birimo: Umuvuduko. IVF ishobora kunanira umubiri, umutima n'imari. Inkunga y'abajyanama, umuryango n'inshuti irashobora kugufasha wowe n'uwo mwashakanye kunyura mu bihe byiza n'ibibi byo kuvurwa uburengane. Ingaruka ziterwa n'uburyo bwo kubona amagi. Nyuma yo gufata imiti yo gukura imigezi mu gihagararo buri kimwe kirimo igice, uburyo bwo gukusanya amagi burakorwa. Ibi bita kubona amagi. Amashusho ya ultrasound akoreshwa mu kuyobora igishishwa kirekire, gito cyinjira mu gitsina maze kwinjira mu migezi, bita follicles, kugira ngo bakusanye amagi. Igishishwa gishobora gutera kuva amaraso, kwandura cyangwa kwangiza umwijima, uruhago cyangwa imiyoboro y'amaraso. Ibyago bifitanye isano n'imiti ishobora kugufasha gusinzira no gukumira ububabare mu gihe cyo kubaga, bita anesthésie. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Iyi ni indwara aho ovaire ziba zifunitse kandi zibabaza. Bishobora guterwa no guhabwa amasasu y'imiti yo kubyara, nka human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), kugira ngo bitere ovulation. Ibimenyetso bikunze kumara ibyumweru. Harimo ububabare buke mu nda, kubyimbagira, kubabara mu nda, kuruka no kuribwa. Niba utwite, ibimenyetso byawe bishobora kumara ibyumweru bike. Gake, bamwe bagira ubwoko bubi bwa ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome bushobora kandi gutera kwiyongera k'uburemere no guhumeka nabi. Kugwa. Igipimo cyo kugwa ku bantu babyara bakoresheje IVF hamwe n'imbwa zishaje ni kimwe n'icyo ku bantu babyara mu buryo busanzwe - hafi 15% ku bagore bari mu myaka 20 kugeza kuri 50% ku bari mu myaka 40. Igipimo kiyongera uko umugore akura. Gutwita hanze y'umura. Iyi ni indwara aho intanga y'umugore ifata umwanya hanze y'umura, akenshi mu muyoboro w'amagi. Imbuto ntishobora kubaho hanze y'umura, kandi nta buryo bwo gukomeza gutwita. Igipimo gito cy'abantu bakoresha IVF bazagira gutwita hanze y'umura. Gutwita inda nyinshi. IVF izamura ibyago byo kugira abana benshi. Gutwita abana benshi bifitanye isano n'ibyago byinshi byo kugira umuvuduko w'amaraso n'isukari mu gihe cyo gutwita, kubyara hakiri kare no kubyara, uburemere buke bw'uruhinja, no kubyara abana bafite ubumuga ugereranije no gutwita umwana umwe. Kubyara abana bafite ubumuga. Imyaka y'umubyeyi ni yo kintu gikomeye cyane cyo kubyara abana bafite ubumuga, uko umwana yaba yabyaye kose. Ariko uburyo bwo kubyara bufasha nk'IVF bifitanye isano n'ibyago bike byo kubyara umwana ufite ibibazo by'umutima, ibibazo byo mu gifu cyangwa izindi ndwara. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kugira ngo bumenye niba IVF ari yo itera ibyo byago cyangwa ikindi kintu. Kubyara imburagihe no kubyara abana bafite uburemere buke. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko IVF izamura gato ibyago byo kubyara imburagihe cyangwa kubyara abana bafite uburemere buke. Kanseri. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwa mbere bwerekanye ko imiti imwe ikoreshwa mu gukura amagi ishobora kuba ifitanye isano no kugira ubwoko runaka bwa kanseri y'ovaire. Ariko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe vuba aha ntibujyanye n'ibyo bisubizo. Nta kintu kigaragara ko ari cyo cyongera ibyago bya kanseri y'amabere, kanseri y'umura, kanseri y'inkondo y'umura cyangwa kanseri y'ovaire nyuma ya IVF.

Kugira ngo utangire, uzakenera gushaka ikigo cyitabira kubyara kizwi cyiza. Niba utuye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya indwara n'ubuzima (CDC) na sosiyete yita ku buhanga mu kubyara bafite amakuru kuri interineti yerekeye ibyavuye mu gutwita no kubyara mu bigo bitandukanye. Igipimo cy'intsinzi cy'ikigo cyitabira kubyara gishingiye ku bintu byinshi. Ibi birimo imyaka n'ibibazo by'ubuzima by'abantu bavura, ndetse n'uburyo ikigo kivura. Iyo uganira n'uhagarariye ikigo, saba kandi amakuru arambuye yerekeye ibiciro by'ubu buryo bwose. Mbere y'uko utangira umugambi wa IVF ukoresheje intanga zawe n'iz'umukunzi wawe, wowe n'umukunzi wawe muzasabwa gukora ibizamini bitandukanye. Ibi birimo: Gupima ubushobozi bw'igi. Ibi bisobanura gukora ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo umenye umubare w'intanga ziboneka mu mubiri. Ibi kandi byitwa umusaruro w'intanga. Ibyavuye mu bipimo by'amaraso, bikunze gukoreshwa hamwe n'iperereza ry'amajwi ku gi, bishobora gufasha kumenya uko igi ryawe rizahangana n'imiti yongerera ubushobozi bwo kubyara. Isuzuma ry'intanga ngabo. Intanga ngabo ni umusemburo urimo intanga. Isuzuma ryayo rishobora kugenzura umubare w'intanga, ishusho yazo n'uburyo zigenda. Iyi nama ishobora kuba igice cyo gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo kubyara. Cyangwa ishobora gukorwa mbere gato y'itangira ry'umugambi wo kuvura IVF. Gusuzuma indwara zandura. Wowe n'umukunzi wawe muzapimwa indwara nka virusi itera SIDA. Gukora imyitozo yo kwimura imbuto. Iyi nama ntishira imbuto nyayo mu nda. Ishobora gukorwa kugira ngo umenye ubujyakuzimu bw'inda yawe. Irafasha kandi kumenya uburyo bushoboka cyane bwo gukora neza iyo imbuto imwe cyangwa nyinshi zashyizwe. Iperereza ry'inda. Igice cy'imbere cy'inda kigeperezwa mbere yo gutangira IVF. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ikizamini cyitwa sonohysterography. Amazi atumizwa mu kiziba cy'inda mu nda akoresheje umuyoboro muto wa pulasitike. Amazi afasha gukora amashusho arambuye y'amajwi y'igice cy'imbere cy'inda. Cyangwa iperereza ry'inda rishobora kuba ririmo ikizamini cyitwa hysteroscopy. Telesikopo nto, yoroshye, ifite umucyo ishyirwa mu gitsina n'ikiziba cy'inda mu nda kugira ngo irebe imbere. Mbere yo gutangira umugambi wa IVF, tekereza kuri bimwe mu bibazo by'ingenzi, birimo: Ingano y'imbuto zizimurwa? Umubare w'imbuto zishyirwa mu nda ukunze gushingira ku myaka n'umubare w'intanga zakusanyijwe. Kubera ko umuvuduko w'intanga zifite umbohe zikomeza ku gice cy'imbere cy'inda ari muke ku bantu bakuze, akenshi hamurwa imbuto nyinshi - usibye abantu bakoresha intanga z'umuntu muto, imbuto zikorewe ibizamini bya gene cyangwa mu bindi bihe bimwe na bimwe. Abaganga benshi bakurikiza amabwiriza yihariye kugira ngo birinde gutwita inda nyinshi hamwe n'abana batatu cyangwa barenga. Mu bihugu bimwe, amategeko agena umubare w'imbuto zishobora kwimurwa. Menya neza ko wowe n'itsinda ryanyu ryita ku buzima mwemeranya ku mubare w'imbuto zizashyirwa mu nda mbere y'uburyo bwo kwimura. Uzakora iki n'imbuto zisigaye? Imbuto zisigaye zishobora gukonjeshwa no kubikwa igihe kirekire. Si imbuto zose zizakomeza gukonjeshwa no gushyuha, ariko nyinshi zizakomeza. Kugira imbuto zikonjeshejwe bishobora gutuma imyanzuro itaha ya IVF igura make kandi idakora cyane. Cyangwa ushobora gutanga imbuto zikonjeshejwe zidakoreshejwe ku wundi mugabo n'umugore cyangwa ikigo cyita ku bushakashatsi. Ushobora kandi guhitamo guta imbuto zidakoreshejwe. Menya neza ko wishimira gufata ibyemezo ku mbuto zisigaye mbere y'uko ziremwwa. Uzahangana ute n'inda nyinshi? Niba imbuto nyinshi zishyirwa mu nda yawe, IVF ishobora gutuma ugira inda nyinshi. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe n'ubw'abana bawe. Mu bihe bimwe, ubuvuzi bwitwa kugabanya imbuto bushobora gukoreshwa mu gufasha umuntu kubyara abana bake bafite ibyago bike by'ubuzima. Kugira ubuvuzi bwo kugabanya imbuto ni icyemezo gikomeye gifite ibyago by'ubuzima, ibyiyumvo n'ibitekerezo. Ese witeguye ibyago bifitanye isano no gukoresha intanga z'abandi, intanga ngabo cyangwa imbuto, cyangwa umubyeyi utwite? Umujyanama watojwe ufite ubunararibonye mu bibazo by'abatanga intanga ashobora kugufasha kumva impungenge, nka uburenganzira bw'amategeko bw'umuntu utanga intanga. Ushobora kandi gukenera umunyamategeko kugira ngo ashyireho impapuro z'inkiko kugira ngo aguhe ubufasha kuba ababyeyi bemewe ku mbuto ikura mu nda.

Nyuma y'uko imyiteguro irangiye, igihembwe kimwe cya IVF gishobora gufata ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 3. Bishobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha igihembwe kirenze kimwe. Intambwe ziri muri icyo gihembwe zikurikira uko zikurikiranye: