Ni iki cyitwa Kubaka Laryngotracheal? Intego, Uburyo/Uburyo & Ibyavuyemo

Kubaka Laryngotracheal ni uburyo bwo kubaga bwo kongera kubaka ibice byangiritse cyangwa byagabanutse bya larynx yawe (agahogo) na trachea (umuyoboro w'umwuka). Ubu bwoko bwo kubaga bugoye bufasha gusubiza mu buryo busanzwe guhumeka no gukora ijwi iyo iyi miyoboro y'ingenzi iba ifunze cyangwa yaranzwe n'ibikomere.

Bitekereze nk'uko wongera kubaka neza umuhanda munini umwuka unyuramo kugira ngo ugere mu bihaha byawe. Iyo iyi nzira iba nto cyane cyangwa yangiritse, umuganga wawe abanza gukora inzira nshya, yagutse akoresheje ibice biva mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe, akenshi imvange iva mu mbavu zawe.

Ni iki cyitwa kubaka laryngotracheal?

Kubaka Laryngotracheal ni uburyo bwihariye bwo kubaga bugura imiyoboro yagabanutse mu muhogo wawe no mu gituza cyo hejuru. Umuganga wawe akuraho uruhu rwanduye kandi agakoresha imvange kugira ngo akore umuyoboro munini kandi uhamye.

Ubu buryo bwibanda ku turere tubiri twingenzi: larynx yawe, ikubiyemo imirya yawe y'amajwi, na trachea yawe, umuyoboro utwara umwuka mu bihaha byawe. Iyo utwo turere tugabanutse kubera imvune, indwara, cyangwa izindi ngorane, guhumeka biragoye kandi rimwe na rimwe bigashyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Ubu bwoko bwo kubaga bufatwa nk'uburyo bukomeye busaba ubuhanga bwinshi. Akenshi bikorwa n'abaganga b'amatwi, izuru, n'umuhogo (ENT) bafite ubuhanga mu kubaka imiyoboro y'umwuka.

Kuki kubaka laryngotracheal bikorwa?

Ubu bwoko bwo kubaga buba ngombwa iyo umuyoboro wawe w'umwuka uba muto cyane ku buryo utuma guhumeka neza cyangwa gukora ijwi risanzwe. Kugabanuka, kwitwa stenosis, bishobora gutuma ibikorwa byoroshye nko kuzamuka amategeko bigaragara ko biruhije.

Ingorane nyinshi zirashobora gutuma ukeneye ubu bwoko bwo kubaga, kandi gusobanukirwa izi mpamvu bifasha gusobanura impamvu ubu buryo buba ngombwa kuri bamwe mu barwayi.

• Gukoresha igitambaro cyo guhumeka igihe kirekire mu bitaro byita ku barwayi barembye
• Ubukomere bukomeye bwo mu muhogo buturutse ku mpanuka cyangwa urugomo
• Kubagwa mu muhogo byabayeho mbere bikavamo inkovu
• Indwara ziterwa n'umubiri wigenga zigira ingaruka ku tuntu two mu muhogo
• Infegisiyo zikomeye zangije inzira y'ubuhumekero
• Uburwayi bwo kuva mu kuvuka
• Ingaruka ziterwa na radiyo
• Kurwara umutima wa acide chronique bitera kwangirika kw'imitsi

Impamvu isanzweho ni inkovu ziterwa n'ibitambaro byo guhumeka bikoreshwa igihe kirekire mu bitaro. Iyo utwo dutambaro tumara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi, bishobora gutera umuvumo no kugabanuka kw'inzira y'ubuhumekero.

Ni iki gikorerwa mu kubaga laryngotracheal?

Ubusanzwe kubaga bifata amasaha 4 kugeza ku 8 kandi bikorwa hakoreshejwe imiti yo gutuma umuntu atagira ubwenge. Umuganga wawe azakora icyuho mu ijosi ryawe kugira ngo agere ahantu hangiritse mu nzira y'ubuhumekero.

Ubu buryo bukubiyemo intambwe nyinshi zikeneye ubushishozi n'ubuhanga. Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo kubaga:

1. Umuganga wawe akuraho imitsi yose y'inkovu n'urugingo rwose rwangiritse mu turere twagabanutse
2. Urugo rwiza rukurwa mu mbavu zawe cyangwa ahandi hantu hatanga
3. Urugo rurashushanywa kandi rugashyirwaho kugirango rujyane n'inzira yawe y'ubuhumekero
4. Urugo rushyirwaho neza kugirango rugure inzira y'ubuhumekero
5. Igitambaro cyo guhumeka cy'agateganyo (stent) gishobora gushyirwaho kugirango gifashe gukira
6. Icyuho cyo mu ijosi gifungwa n'imitsi

Umuganga wawe ashobora gukora imirimo yo kubaka mu cyiciro kimwe cyangwa mu byiciro byinshi, bitewe n'urugero rw'ubyangiritse. Uburyo bwo mu cyiciro kimwe burahabwa agaciro iyo bishoboka, ariko ibibazo bigoye bishobora gusaba kubagwa kabiri cyangwa kenshi.

Mugihe cyo kubaga, guhumeka kwawe bizagenzurwa binyuze mu gitambaro cya tracheostomy gishyirwa munsi y'ahantu hakorerwa kubaga. Ibi bituma umutekano wawe wizerwa mugihe umuganga wawe akora ku nzira yo hejuru y'ubuhumekero.

Ni gute witegura kubagwa laryngotracheal?

Kutegura iyi operasiyo bikubiyemo intambwe z'ingenzi kugira ngo hazaboneke umusaruro mwiza. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazagufasha mu byo ukeneye mu byumweru byose mbere y'uko ukorerwa ubuvuzi.

Kutegurwa kwawe bishobora kuzakubiyemo isuzuma ry'ubuzima bwose n'imibereho. Ibi nibyo ushobora kwitega:

• Gukora ibizamini byose by'amaraso n'ibizamini by'imikorere y'umutima
• Gukoresha CT scans cyangwa MRI kugirango umenye imiterere y'inzira yawe y'umwuka
• Ibizamini by'imikorere y'ubuhumekero kugirango umenye uko uhumeka
• Isesengura ry'ijwi rikorerwa n'umuvuzi w'indimi
• Kureka itabi byibuze mbere y'ibyumweru 4 mbere yo kubagwa
• Guhagarika imiti imwe n'imwe nk'uko byategetswe
• Gutegura ubufasha nyuma yo kubagwa no gutwara
• Gukora imirimo yose y'amenyo y'ingenzi

Umuvuzi wawe azanaganira nawe ku byago n'umusaruro witezweho mu buryo burambuye. Iyi ngingo ifasha kumenya niba ufite ibyiringiro by'ukuri ku gihe cyo gukira n'ingorane zishobora kubaho.

Teganya kumara igihe kirekire mu bitaro, akenshi iminsi 5 kugeza ku 10, bikurikirwe n'ibyumweru byinshi byo koroherwa mu rugo. Kugira ubufasha buva mu muryango cyangwa inshuti muri iki gihe ni ngombwa kugirango ukire neza.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe byo kubaka laryngotracheal?

Intsinzi mu kubaka laryngotracheal ipimirwa n'uko inzira yawe y'umwuka ikora neza nyuma yo gukira. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakurikirana ibipimo by'ingenzi kugirango bamenye niba kubagwa byageze ku ntego zabyo.

Ingamba z'ibanze z'intsinzi zirimo imikorere myiza yo guhumeka, ubuziranenge bw'ijwi, n'imibereho y'abantu muri rusange. Abaganga bawe bazakurikirana izi mpinduka uko igihe kigenda:

• Ubugereranire bw'ubugari bw'inzira y'umwuka hakoreshejwe ibizamini by'amashusho
• Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byo guhumeka byerekana imikorere myiza y'ibihaha
• Ubugenzuzi bw'ijwi bukorwa n'abavura indwara zo mu ijwi
• Uburyo umuntu yihanganira imyitozo ngororamubiri n'urwego rw'ibikorwa bya buri munsi
• Ukeneye ibindi bikorwa cyangwa ubufasha
• Uburyo umurwayi anyurwa n'uburyo yongera guhumeka no kuvuga

Gukira neza muri rusange bifata amezi 3 kugeza kuri 6, umuntu akagenda atera imbere buhoro buhoro muri iki gihe. Muganga wawe ubaga azakoresha ibizamini bikoresha imashini zifite ubushobozi bwo kureba imbere mu mubiri kugira ngo abone inzira y'umwuka yongeye kubakwa kandi anagenzure uko ihagaze.

Uburyo ibintu bigenda neza biratandukana bitewe n'uburyo ikibazo cyawe kimeze, ariko abantu benshi barabona impinduka zigaragara mu guhumeka no mu mikorere y'ijwi. Bamwe bashobora kugira imbogamizi ugereranije n'inzira y'umwuka isanzwe, ariko impinduka ziba zikomeye.

Ni gute wakwihutisha gukira nyuma yo kubagwa inzira y'umwuka?

Gukira nyuma yo kubagwa gukomeye bisaba kwihangana no gukurikiza amabwiriza y'ikipe yawe y'abaganga. Gukurikiza izi ngamba bifasha kwemeza gukira neza no kugira ibisubizo byiza mu gihe kirekire.

Gukira kwawe bizagira ibice byinshi, buri gice gifite ibyo bisaba byihariye. Ibi nibyo bifasha gukira neza:

• Kuruhuka ijwi cyane mu byumweru bike bya mbere nk'uko byategetswe
• Umwuka ufite ubushuhe kugira ngo inzira y'umwuka igume itose kandi itagira ikibazo
• Inama zisanzwe zo gukurikirana
• Kugaruka buhoro buhoro mu bikorwa bisanzwe nk'uko byemerejwe
• Kwimuka umwotsi, umukungugu, n'ibindi bishobora kurakaza inzira y'umwuka
• Gufata imiti yategetswe neza nk'uko byategetswe
• Kwitabira amasomo yo kuvura indwara zo mu ijwi niba byategetswe
• Kugira imirire myiza kugira ngo ifashe gukira

Agatubizo kawe k'inzira y'umwuka gashobora kuguma ahantu mu byumweru byinshi kugeza ku mezi menshi mu gihe inzira y'umwuka yawe ikira. Iki gikorwa cy'igihe gito kigufasha guhumeka neza mu gihe ahantu habagiwe hakira.

Abantu benshi batangira kubona impinduka mu guhumeka mu byumweru bike bya mbere, n'iterambere rikomeza mu mezi menshi. Imikorere y'ijwi irashobora gutwara igihe kirekire, kandi abarwayi bamwe bungukirwa na terapi y'ijambo ikomeza.

Ni iki gisubizo cyiza cyo kubaka laryngotracheal?

Igisubizo cyiza ni ukugera ku nzira y'umwuka ihamye, ifite ubunini buhagije butuma guhumeka neza no kuvuga neza. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora gusubira mu bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi nta mbogamizi zikomeye zo guhumeka.

Ibyavuye mu buryo bwiza birimo ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo, kuvuga neza, no gusinzira nta ngorane zo guhumeka. Abarwayi benshi batsinze bashobora gukurwaho imiyoboro yabo ya tracheostomy hanyuma bagahumeka neza binyuze mu mazuru no mu kanwa.

Ubuziranenge bw'ijwi ntibushobora gusubira neza uko byari bimeze mbere yuko ibibazo byawe by'inzira y'umwuka bitangira, ariko bigomba gukora neza mu itumanaho rya buri munsi. Abarwayi bamwe basanga ijwi ryabo ritandukanye gato mu ijwi cyangwa ubuziranenge, ariko ibi mubisanzwe birihanganirwa neza.

Intsinzi irambye isobanura kwirinda gukenera kubagwa bundi bushya mugihe cyo gukomeza imikorere myiza y'inzira y'umwuka. Ubuvuzi buhoraho bufasha kumenya no gukemura ibibazo byose hakiri kare.

Ni ikihe kintu gishyira mu kaga ibibazo byo kubaka laryngotracheal?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo cyangwa bikagira ingaruka ku musaruro wawe wo kubagwa. Kubisobanukirwa bifasha wowe n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku buvuzi bwawe.

Ibintu bimwe bishyira mu kaga biri mu maboko yawe, mugihe ibindi bifitanye isano n'uburwayi bwawe bw'ibanze. Hano hari ibitekerezo nyamukuru:

• Umunsi w'itabi cyangwa guhumeka umwuka w'abandi banywa itabi
• Indwara ya diyabete itagenzurwa neza cyangwa izindi ndwara zidakira
• Kubagwa mu nzira y'ubuhumekero byarananiwe mbere
• Indwara ya acide reflux ikomeje
• Indwara ziterwa n'umubiri wanga ibiwugize zikagira ingaruka ku gukira
• Ubuvuzi bwo gukoresha imirasire mu gice cy'ijosi
• Imirire mibi ikabije cyangwa urwego rwo hasi rwa poroteyine
• Ibintu bifitanye isano n'imyaka bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gukira

Umuvuzi wawe uzasuzuma ibi bintu neza mugihe ategura uburyo bwo kubaga. Ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago birashobora kunozwa mbere yo kubagwa, nko kunoza uburyo isukari yo mu maraso igenzurwa cyangwa kuvura acide reflux.

Abarwayi bafite ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa cyane cyangwa uburyo bwo kubaga buhinduka. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizaganira uko ibi bintu bireba umwihariko uko urwaye.

Ese ni byiza kubagwa rimwe cyangwa inshuro nyinshi mu kubaka inzira y'ubuhumekero?

Kubaka rimwe bikunze gukundwa mugihe bishoboka kuko bisaba kubagwa kumwe gusa kandi bikunze gutuma umubiri ukira vuba. Ariko, guhitamo biterwa n'uburyo inzira y'ubuhumekero yangiritse.

Uburyo bwo kubaga rimwe bukora neza kubarwayi bafite ibikomere bitari binini kandi bafite ubuzima bwiza muri rusange. Umuvuzi wawe ashobora gukuraho igice cyangiritse hanyuma agashyira urugingo rw'urugendo rw'ubuhumekero byose icyarimwe, bishobora gutuma gukuraho tracheostomy mukwezi kumwe.

Kubaka inshuro nyinshi biba ngombwa mugihe inzira y'ubuhumekero yangiritse cyane cyangwa mugihe kubagwa kwabanje byarananiwe. Icyiciro cya mbere gikunze gukubiyemo gushyira urugingo rw'urugendo rw'ubuhumekero, mugihe ibyiciro bikurikira bishobora kunoza ibisubizo cyangwa gukemura ibibazo.

Umuvuzi wawe azagusaba uburyo bugufitiye amahirwe meza yo gukira igihe kirekire hashingiwe ku myitwarire yawe yihariye n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi. Uburyo bwombi bushobora kugera ku bisubizo byiza mugihe bikozwe n'abaganga bafite uburambe.

Mbese ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no kubaka inzira y'ubuhumekero?

Nk'uko bisanzwe ku kubagwa gukomeye, kubaka urugingo rw'ijosi n'umuhogo bifite ibyago ugomba gusobanukirwa mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyawe. Ibyago byinshi biravurwa, ariko bimwe birashobora kuba bikomeye.

Kumenya ibyo bibazo bishobora kuvuka bifasha kumenya ibimenyetso byo kwitondera no gushaka ubufasha bukwiriye niba bibaye ngombwa. Aha hari ibibazo by'ingenzi:

• Gusohoka kw'amaraso bisaba kubagwa kongera
• Udukoko twateye ahantu habagiwe
• Kunanirwa cyangwa gukurwa kw'igice cy'umubiri cyakoreshejwe
• Kugabanuka kw'inzira y'ubuhumekero
• Guhinduka kw'ijwi cyangwa kuribura
• Kugorana kumeza
• Umuvumo uterwa no guhumeka
• Gukenera tracheostomy ihoraho

Ibyago bidasanzwe ariko bikomeye bishobora kwerekanwa no kwangiza ibice byegeranye nk'umuhogo cyangwa imitsi minini y'amaraso. Umuganga wawe ubaga azaganira kuri ibyo byago bitewe n'uburyo urubanza rwawe rumeze.

Abantu benshi bahura n'imihindagurikire y'ijwi ry'agateganyo n'ingorane zo kumeza nyuma yo kubagwa. Izo ngorane zikunda gukira uko gukira kugenda, nubwo gukira neza bishobora gufata amezi menshi.

Ugereranije, umubare w'ibibazo bitewe n'uburwayi bitandukanye bitewe n'uburyo urubanza rwawe rumeze n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Guhitamo umuganga ubaga ufite uburambe no gukurikiza amabwiriza yose yo nyuma yo kubagwa bigabanya cyane ibyago byawe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo kubaka urugingo rw'ijosi n'umuhogo?

Ugomba guhita uvugana n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi niba ubonye ibimenyetso byose by'ibibazo bikomeye mugihe ukira. Gukora vuba bishobora gukumira ibibazo bito guhinduka ibibazo bikomeye.

Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'ubuvuzi, mugihe ibindi bishobora kugaragaza ko hakenewe guhinduranya gukurikiranwa. Dore igihe cyo gushaka ubufasha:

• Kugorana cyane guhumeka cyangwa kubura umwuka
• Urubavu rwinshi (kurenza 101°F) cyangwa ibikonjo
• Kuva amaraso menshi ku mfuruka z'ububagizi
• Ibimenyetso by'ubwandu nk'ukwiyongera kw'umutuku cyangwa ibishyimbo
• Gutakaza ijwi mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa guhinduka kw'ijwi cyane
• Kugorana kumeza cyangwa gukorora bidahagarara
• Urubavu rurisha cyangwa ibimenyetso bya nyumoniya
• Ibyo waba ufite byose byerekeye imiyoboro yawe ya tracheostomy

Inama z'ubuvuzi zisanzwe ni ngombwa kugira ngo ukurikirane uko ukira kandi umenye ibibazo byose hakiri kare. Ntukirengagize izi nama, n'iyo wumva umeze neza.

Umuganga wawe ashaka kukubona kenshi mu mezi make nyuma yo kubagwa, hanyuma bikagenda bigabanuka uko ukira. Uru ruzinduko rukunze gukubiyemo ibizamini byo kureba kugira ngo barebe neza uko umuyoboro wawe ukira.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no kubaka laryngotracheal

Q.1 Ese kubaka laryngotracheal ni byiza ku guhagarara kw'imitsi y'ijwi?

Kubaka laryngotracheal ahanini bikemura umuyoboro ugabanuka aho guhagarara kw'imitsi y'ijwi. Niba ibibazo byawe byo guhumeka biterwa n'imitsi y'ijwi yahagaze ikabuza umuyoboro wawe, izindi nzira nko kongera imitsi y'ijwi zirashobora kuba zikwiriye.

Ariko, abarwayi bamwe bafite umuyoboro ugabanuka n'ibibazo by'imitsi y'ijwi. Muri ibyo bihe, umuganga wawe ashobora guhuza kubaka laryngotracheal n'izindi nzira zo gukemura ibibazo byombi icyarimwe.

Q.2 Ese kubaka laryngotracheal bitera guhinduka kw'ijwi burundu?

Abarwayi benshi bahura n'impinduka zimwe na zimwe z'ijwi nyuma yo kubaka laryngotracheal, ariko izi mpinduka akenshi zirakirwa bitewe n'iterambere ryo guhumeka. Ijwi ryawe rishobora kuba ritandukanye gato mu ijwi cyangwa mu miterere, ariko rigomba gukomeza gukora neza mu itumanaho rya buri munsi.

Uko impinduka z'ijwi zingana biterwa n'aho kubaga byakorewe n'uburyo byagutse. Kuvura ijwi birashobora kugufasha kumenyera impinduka zose no kunoza imikorere y'ijwi ryawe nyuma yo gukira.

Q.3 Ese abana bashobora kubagwa mu muhogo no mu gice cy'umuyoboro w'ubuhumekero?

Yego, abana barashobora kubagwa mu muhogo no mu gice cy'umuyoboro w'ubuhumekero, kandi akenshi ibibazo by'abana bigira ibisubizo byiza cyane. Imyanya y'ubuhumekero y'abana ikira neza, kandi gufata ingamba hakiri kare birashobora kwirinda ingorane zirambye ziterwa no gufungana kw'inzira y'ubuhumekero itavuwe.

Ibibazo by'abana bisaba ubuhanga bwihariye kandi bishobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kubaga ugereranije n'inzira zikoreshwa ku bantu bakuru. Igihe cyo kubaga giterwa n'imyaka y'umwana, ubuzima bwe muri rusange, n'uburemere bwo gufungana kw'inzira y'ubuhumekero.

Q.4 Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire nyuma yo kubagwa mu muhogo no mu gice cy'umuyoboro w'ubuhumekero?

Kugira ngo umuntu akire bwa mbere bifata amezi agera kuri 2 kugeza kuri 3, ariko gukira neza no kugira ibisubizo byiza bishobora gufata amezi 6 kugeza kuri 12. Ushobora kumara iminsi 5 kugeza kuri 10 mu bitaro mbere na mbere, bikurikirwa n'ibyumweru byinshi byo kugabanya ibikorwa byawe uri mu rugo.

Agatubuzo kawe ka tracheostomy akenshi kaguma ahantu hagati y'amezi 2 kugeza kuri 6 mu gihe inzira yawe y'ubuhumekero ikira. Gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe bibaho buhoro buhoro, aho abarwayi benshi basubira mu kazi no gukora imyitozo yoroheje mu mezi make.

Q.5 Ni iki kigero cyo gutsinda cyo kubagwa mu muhogo no mu gice cy'umuyoboro w'ubuhumekero?

Igereranyo ryo gutsinda riratandukanye bitewe n'uburyo ikibazo cyawe kigoye kandi n'ibisobanuro byo gutsinda byakoreshejwe. Muri rusange, abantu bagera kuri 80 kugeza kuri 90 ku ijana bagera ku mikorere ihagije y'inzira y'ubuhumekero, nubwo bamwe bashobora gukenera izindi nzira.

Gutsinda akenshi bipimwa n'ubushobozi bwo guhumeka neza nta gatubuzo ka tracheostomy no gukomeza iryo terambere uko igihe kigenda. Umuganga wawe ashobora kuguha ibyiringiro birambuye bishingiye ku miterere yawe bwite.