Ni iki cyitwa kubaga umwijima? Impamvu, uburyo bwo gukora & Ibivamo

Kubaga umwijima ni uburyo bwo mu buvuzi aho muganga wawe akuramo agace gato k'umwijima kugira ngo akagenzure akoresheje mikorosikopi. Iki kizamini cyoroshye gifasha abaganga gusobanukirwa ibiri kuba mu mwijima wawe iyo ibizamini by'amaraso cyangwa ibizamini byerekana ishusho bitashoboye gutanga ishusho yuzuye.

Bitekereze nk'uko ureba neza ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe. Icyitegererezo cy'igice cy'umubiri, akenshi gito kuruta gusiba ikaramu, gishobora kugaragaza amakuru y'ingenzi yerekeye indwara y'umwijima, kubyimbirwa, cyangwa kwangirika bishobora kutagaragara mu bindi bizamini.

Ni iki kubaga umwijima aricyo?

Kubaga umwijima bikubiyemo gufata agace gato k'igice cy'umwijima ukoresheje urushinge ruto cyangwa mugihe cyo kubaga. Muganga wawe asuzuma icyo cyitegererezo akoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo asuzume indwara z'umwijima kandi ategure uburyo bwo kuvura.

Ubu buryo buha ikipe yawe y'ubuzima amakuru arambuye yerekeye imiterere n'imikorere by'umwijima wawe. Irashobora kumenya indwara zihariye, gupima urugero rwo kwangirika kw'umwijima, no gufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura icyo kibazo.

Kubaga umwijima kenshi bikorwa nk'uburyo bwo hanze, bivuze ko ushobora gutaha umunsi umwe. Gufata igice cy'umubiri bifata amasegonda make, nubwo inama yose ikunze kumara amasaha make harimo gutegura no gukira.

Kuki kubaga umwijima bikorwa?

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kubaga umwijima iyo bakeneye amakuru arambuye yerekeye ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe kuruta ibizamini by'amaraso cyangwa ibishushanyo bishobora gutanga. Akenshi ni uburyo bwizewe bwo gusuzuma indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umwijima.

Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo gukora iperereza ku bizamini bitari bisanzwe by'imikorere y'umwijima, kwiyongera kw'umwijima kutavuzweho, cyangwa gukeka indwara y'umwijima. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kubikoresha kugira ngo akurikirane uburyo umwijima wawe ukira ku miti y'indwara nka hepatite cyangwa indwara y'umwijima w'ibinure.

Rimwe na rimwe, kubaga umubiri bifasha kumenya icyiciro cy’indwara y’umwijima, ibyo bikaba bigenga imyanzuro y’imivurire. Urugero, bishobora kugaragaza niba umwijima warashizwe (fibrosis) ari muto cyangwa ukomeye, bigafasha muganga wawe gukora gahunda y’imivurire ikora neza.

Dore ibibazo by’ubuvuzi by’ingenzi aho muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora iki gikorwa:

• Izamuka ritumvikana ry’imisemburo y’umwijima rihoraho
• Gukeka indwara z’umwijima ziterwa n’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri nka primary biliary cholangitis
• Isuzuma ry’uburemere bw’indwara y’umwijima y’ibinure
• Gukurikirana kwangwa kw’umwijima watewe
• Gukora iperereza ku kwaguka kw’umwijima cyangwa ibibyimba bitumvikana
• Gupima indwara zidakunze kuboneka z’umwijima ziterwa n’imikorere y’umubiri
• Gusuzuma kwangirika kw’umwijima guterwa n’imiti cyangwa uburozi

Muganga wawe azahora asuzuma inyungu n’ibibazo mbere yo kugusaba kubaga umubiri. Bazagusobanurira impamvu iyi test ikenewe ku kibazo cyawe cyihariye n’ubundi buryo bushobora kuboneka.

Ni iki gikorwa cyo kubaga umwijima?

Ubwoko busanzwe ni percutaneous liver biopsy, aho muganga ashyira urushinge mu ruhu rwawe kugira ngo agere ku mwijima wawe. Uzaryama ku mugongo cyangwa gato ku ruhande rwawe rw’ibumoso mu gihe cy’iki gikorwa.

Mbere yo gutangira, muganga wawe azahanagura ahantu hanyuma akingira umuti wo mu gace kugira ngo utume uruhu rwawe rutagira ubwoba. Ushobora kumva ububabare bugufi, bisa no guterwa urukingo, ariko ahantu hagomba kumva hatagira ubwoba mu minota mike.

Akoresheje ubuyobozi bwa ultrasound, muganga wawe azashaka ahantu heza ho gushyira urushinge rwo kubaga. Gukusanya imitsi nyakuri bibaho vuba cyane - mubisanzwe mu isegonda rimwe. Ushobora kumva urusaku rwo gukanda ruturutse ku gikoresho cyo kubaga.

Dore ibintu bisanzwe bibaho mu gihe cy’iki gikorwa:

1. Uzagenda wambare ikanzu y'ibitaro maze uryame ku meza yo gupimisha
2. Itsinda ry'abaganga rizakurikirana ibimenyetso byawe by'ubuzima maze ritangire umurongo wa IV
3. Muganga wawe azakoresha ultrasound kugirango amenye ahantu heza ho gukorerwa biopsy
4. Umuti wo mu gace uraterwa kugirango utume ahantu hose hatagira ububabare
5. Urubuto ruto ruterwa mu ruhu rwawe rugana mu mwijima wawe
6. Icyitegererezo cy'uruhu gikoranwa mu gice gito cy'isegonda
7. Igishyirwaho umuvuduko kugirango birinde kuva amaraso
8. Uzakurikiranwa amasaha menshi mbere yo gutaha

Abantu bamwe na bamwe bakeneye biopsy y'umwijima ya transjugular, aho urushinge rugera ku mwijima wawe unyuze mu muyoboro w'imitsi yo mu ijosi ryawe. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa iyo ufite indwara zo kuva amaraso cyangwa amazi mu nda yawe bituma uburyo busanzwe butekanye.

Ni gute wakitegura biopsy y'umwijima wawe?

Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye kwitegura biopsy yawe, akenshi bitangira icyumweru kimwe mbere y'igikorwa. Gukurikiza izi ngamba neza bifasha kumenya umutekano wawe n'intsinzi y'igeragezwa.

Bizaba ngombwa guhagarika gufata imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso, nka aspirine, ibuprofen, cyangwa imiti ituma amaraso atavura. Muganga wawe azakubwira neza imiti ugomba kwirinda n'igihe kirekire mbere y'igikorwa.

Abantu benshi bakeneye kwiyiriza iminsi 8-12 mbere ya biopsy, bivuze ko nta funguro cyangwa icyo kunywa uretse amazi make hamwe n'imiti yemewe. Iki gikorwa cyo kwirinda gifasha kwirinda ingorane niba ukeneye kubagwa byihutirwa, nubwo ibi bidasanzwe.

Kwitwaza kwawe birashoboka ko bizakubiyemo izi ntambwe zingenzi:

• Gukora ibizamini byose by'amaraso kugira ngo barebe imikorere y'amaraso yawe n'umubare w'amaraso
• Guteganya umuntu wo kukujyana mu rugo nyuma y'igikorwa
• Gu Stopa kurya no kunywa ukurikije igihe cyagenwe na muganga wawe
• Koga mu gitondo cyangwa mu ijoro mbere yo gukora biopsy
• Kwambara imyenda yoroshye kandi yagutse ku gihe cyo kujya kwa muganga
• Kuzana urutonde rw'imiti yose ufata n'ibyongerera imbaraga
• Guteganya kuruhuka mu rugo umunsi wose

Menyesha muganga wawe niba utwite, ufite allergie, cyangwa wumva urwaye ku munsi wo gukora igikorwa. Ibi bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gihe cyangwa uburyo bwo gukora biopsy yawe.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe bya biopsy y'umwijima?

Ibisubizo byawe bya biopsy y'umwijima bizagaruka nk'inkuru irambuye iturutse ku muhanga mu by'indwara, umuganga wihariye mu gusuzuma ibizamini by'imitsi. Iyi nkuru isanzwe ifata iminsi 3-7 kugira ngo irangire, nubwo ibibazo byihutirwa bishobora gutunganywa vuba.

Umuhanga mu by'indwara areba imitsi yawe y'umwijima akoresheje mikorosikopi akavuga ibyo abonye mu bijyanye n'uburwayi, ibikomere, ibinure byashyizweho, n'uturemangingo tudasanzwe. Bazanagenera amanota n'inzego ku bibazo bimwe na bimwe igihe bibaye ngombwa.

Ku bibazo nk'umwijima, raporo irashobora gushyiramo urwego rw'uburwayi (uburyo indwara ikora) n'urwego rwa fibrosis (ingano y'ibikomere byabaye). Izi mibare zifasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa ubukana bw'uburwayi bwawe no gutegura imiti ikwiye.

Raporo yawe ya biopsy isanzwe ikubiyemo amakuru yerekeye:

• Imiterere rusange y'umwijima n'imikorere y'uturemangingo
• Kuba hariho n'urugero rw'uburwayi
• Ingano n'imiterere y'imitsi y'ibikomere (fibrosis)
• Ibinure byashyizwe mu turemangingo tw'umwijima
• Icyuma cyangwa umuringa byashyizweho niba bifitanye isano
• Uduce tudasanzwe cyangwa twa kanseri
• Ibimenyetso byihariye by'indwara igihe bikwiye

Muganga wawe azasobanura icyo ibyo byavumbuwe bisobanuye ku buzima bwawe kandi aganire ku buryo bwo kuvura bushingiye ku ngaruka. Ntugire impungenge niba ururimi rwa muganga rusa nk'urugoye - ikipe yawe y'ubuzima izahindura ibyavumbuwe mu makuru afatika ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Ni iki gitera ibyago byo gukenera biopsy y'umwijima?

Uburwayi butandukanye n'imibereho bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo gukenera biopsy y'umwijima. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha gutera intambwe zo kurengera ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe.

Hepatite ya virusi idakira, cyane cyane hepatite B na C, akenshi bisaba gukurikiranwa na biopsy kugirango hasuzumwe uko indwara ikomeza ndetse n'uburyo ivurwa ryakiriwe. Gukoresha inzoga nyinshi mu myaka myinshi nabyo bishobora gutera kwangirika kw'umwijima bisaba isuzuma rya biopsy.

Uburwayi bumwe na bumwe bushyira igitutu cyinshi ku mwijima wawe kandi bushobora gukenera isuzuma ry'imyanya. Indwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri, indwara z'imikorere y'umubiri, n'imiti imwe n'imwe byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umwijima uko igihe kigenda.

Ibyago bisanzwe bishobora gutera biopsy y'umwijima birimo:

• Indwara ya hepatite B cyangwa C idakira
• Gukoresha inzoga nyinshi mu myaka myinshi
• Indwara y'umwijima w'ibinure biturutse ku nzoga, cyane cyane ku bantu barwaye diyabete cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije
• Indwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri bw'umwijima nka primary biliary cholangitis
• Izamuka ridasobanutse rihoraho ry'imyunyu y'umwijima
• Amateka y'imiryango y'indwara z'umwijima ziterwa n'imiryango
• Gukoresha imiti imwe n'imwe igihe kirekire ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwijima
• Kugera ku mikemikali y'inganda cyangwa uburozi

Kugira ibyo byago ntibisobanura ko uzakeneye biopsy rwose. Abantu benshi bafite indwara z'umwijima barashobora gukurikiranwa no kuvurwa batagombye gukenera iyi nzira, cyane cyane hamwe n'ibizamini by'amaraso byateye imbere n'uburyo bwo kwerekana ishusho y'ubu.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka za biopsy y'umwijima?

Nubwo kubagwa umwijima muri rusange bifatwa nk'ibintu byizewe, kimwe n'izindi nzira zose z'ubuvuzi, bifite ibyago bimwe na bimwe. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingorane zikomeye zitaba kenshi, zikaba mu buryo butarenga 1% by'inzira iyo zikorwa n'abaganga b'inararibonye.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ni ububabare buke ahantu habagiriwe, akenshi bikumvikana nk'ububabare bucye mu rutugu rwawe rw'iburyo cyangwa mu nda. Ibi bibazo akenshi bimara amasaha make kandi bikavurwa neza n'imiti igurishwa itagomba kwandikwa na muganga.

Kuva amaraso ni ingorane ikomeye ishobora kubaho, nubwo bitaba kenshi. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rigukurikiranira hafi amasaha menshi nyuma y'inzira kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso byose byo kuva amaraso imbere.

Dore ingorane zishoboka, zashyizwe ku rutonde kuva ku zisanzwe kugeza ku zitaba kenshi:

• Ububabare buke cyangwa buringaniye ahantu habagiriwe bumara iminsi 1-2
• Ububabare bwimuriwe bw'igihe gito mu rutugu rw'iburyo
• Kuva amaraso gake gace gahagarara ku giti cyako
• Vasovagal reaction (kumva urushye cyangwa guhumeka)
• Kuva amaraso menshi bisaba ubufasha bwa muganga
• Gushobora gutobora mu buryo butunguye ibice by'umubiri biri hafi nka uruhara cyangwa igifu
• Udukoko ahantu habagiriwe
• Kuva amaraso menshi bisaba gutanga amaraso cyangwa kubagwa

Muganga wawe azaganira nawe kuri ibi byago mbere y'inzira kandi asobanure uburyo babigabanya bakoresheje uburyo bwitondewe no gukurikirana. Abantu benshi bakira neza mu masaha 24-48 nta ngaruka zirambye.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona muganga nyuma yo kubagwa umwijima?

Ugomba guhamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba wumva ububabare bukomeye mu nda, guhumeka, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubagwa umwijima. Nubwo ingorane zitaba kenshi, kumenya no kuvura hakiri kare ni iby'ingenzi niba bibaye.

Abantu benshi bumva batameze neza iminsi mike nyuma y'inzira, ariko ibi bigomba kugenda bikira buhoro buhoro. Niba ububabare bwawe burushaho kuba bubi aho gukira, cyangwa niba ugira ibimenyetso bishya, ni ngombwa gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba na bwangu.

Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso byo kwitondera bikurikira:

• Urubavu rurushijeho kubabaza cyangwa rubabaza cyane rutagabanuka iyo uruhutse
• Kuribwa umutwe, kumva ureremba, cyangwa kumva ko ushobora guta umutwe
• Umutima utera cyane cyangwa kumva unaniwe cyane
• Urugimbu cyangwa kuruka bikubuza kunywa amazi
• Urubavu rurenze 101°F (38.3°C)
• Amara cyangwa ibintu bidasanzwe biva ahantu bakoreye biopsy
• Kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa kubabara mu gituza
• Uruhu ruhinduka urwererwe, rukonja, cyangwa rugahumeka

Mugukora isuzuma risanzwe, muganga wawe azategura isuzuma mu byumweru 1-2 kugira ngo aganire ku ngaruka za biopsy yawe kandi ategure imiti yose ikenewe. Ntukazuyaze guhamagara niba ufite ibibazo cyangwa impungenge mbere y'iyo gahunda.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kuri biopsy y'umwijima

Q.1 Ese biopsy y'umwijima ni nziza mu gusuzuma indwara y'umwijima wuzuye ibinure?

Yego, biopsy y'umwijima ifatwa nk'ikigereranyo cyiza cyo gusuzuma no gushyira mu byiciro indwara y'umwijima wuzuye ibinure (NAFLD). Nubwo ibizamini by'amaraso n'amashusho bishobora gutanga icyerekezo cy'umwijima wuzuye ibinure, biopsy yonyine niyo ishobora gutandukanya neza umwijima wuzuye ibinure byoroshye n'indwara ikomeye yitwa NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis).

Biopsy yerekana neza urugero rw'ibinure biri mu turemangingo tw'umwijima wawe niba hariho kubyimba cyangwa imvune. Iri somo rifasha muganga wawe kumenya niba ukeneye imiti kandi ubwoko bwiza bwaba bwiza cyane kubibazo byawe byihariye.

Q.2 Ese biopsy y'umwijima irababaza mu gihe cy'igikorwa?

Abantu benshi bumva gusa kutamererwa neza gake mu gihe cya biopsy nyayo kubera anesthesia yaho. Ushobora kumva umuvuduko cyangwa kumva ubukana buke igihe urushinge rwinjira mu mwijima wawe, ariko ibi bimara isegonda rimwe.

Umutsima w'urushinge mbere y'ibyo bikorwa akenshi utera kutumva neza kurusha uko biopsy ubwayo imera. Abantu benshi bavuga ko ibyo byose biba bitababaza nk'uko bari babyiteze, bisa no kuvurwa amaraso cyangwa guterwa urukingo.

Q.3 Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire nyuma ya biopsy y'umwijima?

Abantu benshi bakira neza mu masaha 24-48 nyuma ya biopsy y'umwijima. Uzaba ukeneye kuruhuka umunsi wose nyuma y'igikorwa, wirinda kuzamura ibintu biremereye cyangwa gukora imirimo ivunanye.

Abantu benshi basubira ku kazi no mu mirimo isanzwe bukeye bwaho, nubwo ugomba kwirinda kuzamura ibintu biremereye mu gihe cy'icyumweru. Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza asobanutse ashingiye ku kazi kawe no ku rwego rw'imirimo ukora.

Q.4 Ese biopsy y'umwijima ishobora kumenya kanseri y'umwijima?

Yego, biopsy y'umwijima ishobora kumenya kanseri y'umwijima kandi igafasha kumenya ubwoko bwayo. Icyitegererezo cy'urugingo rwemera abahanga mu by'indwara kumenya selile zose no kumenya impinduka za kanseri zishobora kutagaragara ku isesengura ry'amashusho.

Ariko, abaganga ntibakeneye buri gihe biopsy kugira ngo basuzume kanseri y'umwijima. Rimwe na rimwe guhuza ibizamini by'amaraso, isesengura ry'amashusho, n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi bitanga amakuru ahagije yo gukora isuzuma no gutangira kuvura.

Q.5 Ese hari izindi nzira zishobora gusimbura biopsy y'umwijima?

Ibizamini bitandukanye bitagira ingaruka bishobora gutanga amakuru yerekeye ubuzima bw'umwijima hatabayeho icyitegererezo cy'urugingo. Ibi bikubiyemo ibizamini by'amaraso byihariye, elastography (ipima ubukana bw'umwijima), n'uburyo bwo gusesengura amashusho bwa kera.

Nubwo izi nzira zishobora gufasha mu gukurikirana indwara nyinshi z'umwijima, ntizishobora buri gihe gutanga amakuru arambuye nk'ayo biopsy itanga. Muganga wawe azaganira niba izi nzira zikwiriye kubera uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.