Ni iki cyitwa Kwimura Umwijima? Impamvu, Uburyo & Gukira

Kwimura umwijima ni uburyo bwo kubaga aho umwijima urwaye cyangwa wangiritse usimburwa n'umwijima muzima uturutse ku muntu watanze umwijima. Ubu buvuzi burokorera ubuzima buba ngombwa iyo umwijima wawe utagishobora gukora neza kandi izindi nshingano zitagikora.

Tekereza umwijima wawe nk'ikigo gikuru cy'umubiri wawe. Ufata imyanda, ukora poroteyine z'ingenzi, kandi ufasha mu igogora. Iyo unaniwe, kwimura umwijima bishobora kuguha amahirwe ya kabiri yo kubaho neza.

Ni iki cyitwa kwimura umwijima?

Kwimura umwijima ni kubaga gukomeye gusimbuza umwijima wawe wananiwe n'umwijima muzima uturutse ku muntu wapfuye watanze umwijima cyangwa umuntu muzima watanze igice cy'umwijima we. Umuganga ubaga akuraho umwijima wawe wangiritse hanyuma akahuza neza umwijima mushya n'imitsi yawe y'amaraso n'inzira z'igifu.

Ikintu gitangaje ku bijyanye no kwimura umwijima ni uko wowe n'umuntu watanze umwijima muzima mushobora kubaho neza nyuma yaho. Umwijima wawe ufite ubushobozi butangaje bwo kongera kwikora, bityo igice cy'umwijima giturutse ku muntu muzima kizakura kigere ku bunini bwuzuye muri mwembi mu mezi make.

Ubu buryo buhagarariye icyizere ku bantu barwaye indwara y'umwijima igeze ku iherezo. Nubwo ari kubaga bigoye, kwimura umwijima bifite intsinzi nziza iyo bikorwa n'ibigo bifite uburambe.

Kuki kwimura umwijima bikorwa?

Kwimura umwijima biba ngombwa iyo umwijima wawe wangiritse cyane ku buryo udashobora gushyigikira ubuzima kandi izindi nshingano zashizwe. Muganga wawe azagusaba ubu buvuzi bukomeye gusa iyo inyungu ziruta neza ingaruka.

Indwara nyinshi zikomeye zishobora gutuma umuntu akeneye kwimura umwijima. Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo indwara z'umwijima zihoraho zageze ku kunanirwa kw'umwijima, aho umwijima wawe udashobora gukora imirimo yawo y'ingenzi.

Dore indwara z'ingenzi zishobora gusaba kwimura umwijima:

• Cirrhose iturutse kuri hepatite B cyangwa C
• Indwara y'umwijima iterwa na alukolo
• Indwara y'umwijima y'ibinyamavuta idaterwa na alukolo
• Cholangite ya mbere ya biliary
• Cholangite ya mbere ya sclerosing
• Hepatite y'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri
• Indwara ya Wilson
• Hemochromatose
• Kutagira alpha-1 antitrypsin
• Ubukana bw'umwijima bujuje ibisabwa byihariye

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zitavugwa cyane zishobora no gutuma habaho kwimurwa, harimo kunanirwa kw'umwijima guheruka guterwa n'uburozi bw'imiti, indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'imirerere, cyangwa indwara zitavugwa cyane ziterwa n'imikorere y'umubiri. Itsinda ryawe ryo kwimurwa rizagenzura neza niba uri umukandida mwiza hashingiwe ku buzima bwawe muri rusange no ku mahirwe yo gutsinda.

Ni iki gikorerwa kwimurwa ry'umwijima?

Kubagwa kwimurwa ry'umwijima mubisanzwe bifata amasaha 6 kugeza kuri 12, bitewe n'uburyo urubanza rwawe rugoye. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga bakora neza kugirango bagere ku musaruro mwiza.

Ubu buryo butangirana na anesthesia rusange, nyuma yaho umuganga wawe abaga akora igikomere kinini hirya no hino mu gice cyo hejuru cy'inda yawe. Bafatanya neza umwijima wawe urwaye ku mitsi y'amaraso n'inzira z'amazi mbere yo kuwukuramo rwose.

Ikurikira ni akazi gakomeye ko guhuza umwijima watanzwe. Umuganga wawe ashyira imitsi y'amaraso y'umwijima mushya kuri yawe, akemeza imikorere ikwiye y'amaraso. Nanone bahuza inzira z'amazi, zitwara amazi ava mu mwijima wawe kugirango bifashe mu gusya ibinure.

Intambwe zanyuma zirimo kureba ko ibintu byose bikora neza. Umuganga wawe yemeza ko nta kuva amaraso, ko amaraso atembera neza mu mwijima mushya, kandi ko amazi asohoka neza. Hanyuma bafunga igikomere hamwe n'imitsi cyangwa ibikoresho.

Muri rusange, itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rikora neza ryita ku bimenyetso byawe by'ingenzi. Umuganga w'indwara z'ubuhumekero acunga guhumeka kwawe n'imikorere y'amaraso, mugihe abaforomo b'inzobere bafasha itsinda ry'abaganga muri ubu buryo bugoye.

Ni gute wakwitegura kwimurwa ry'umwijima wawe?

Kwitegura kubagwa umwijima bisaba isuzuma ryimbitse kugirango wemeze ko ufite ubuzima bwiza buhagije bwo kubagwa kandi ko bizagufasha. Ibi bikorwa mubisanzwe bifata ibyumweru byinshi kugeza kumyaka.

Itsinda ryawe ryo kubaga rizajya rikora ibizamini byuzuye kugirango risuzume ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Ibi bikubiyemo ibizamini byamaraso, isesengura rishushanyije, ibizamini byumutima n'ibihaha, n'isuzuma ryo mumutwe kugirango wemeze ko witeguye mumutwe guhindura ubuzima bukomeye.

Iyo byemejwe, uzashyirwa kurutonde rwabategereje kubagwa niba ukeneye umwijima w'uwapfuye. Igihe cyo gutegereza gitandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwamaraso yawe, ubunini bwumubiri wawe, n'uburemere bw'indwara. Abantu bamwe bategereza iminsi, abandi bategereza amezi cyangwa imyaka.

Mugihe cyo gutegereza, ni ngombwa kuguma ufite ubuzima bwiza bushoboka. Ibi bivuze gukurikiza gahunda yawe y'ubuvuzi, kurya indyo ifite intungamubiri, kuguma ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri uko bishoboka, no kwirinda inzoga rwose.

Uzanakenera kwitegura muburyo bwimikorere kubagwa no gukira. Gutegura ubufasha bw'umuryango, kuko uzakenera ubufasha muminsi mike nyuma yo kubagwa. Menya neza ko imari yawe n'ubwishingizi bwawe biri kumurongo, kuko kwita kubagwa bikubiyemo ibiciro bikomeza.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe byo kubagwa umwijima?

Nyuma yo kubagwa umwijima, itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rikora isuzuma ryiterambere ryawe binyuze mubizamini byamaraso bisanzwe n'izindi suzuma. Kumva ibi bisubizo bifasha kuguma ufite amakuru yerekeye gukira kwawe.

Ibizamini byingenzi bigenzura uburyo umwijima wawe mushya ukora neza niba umubiri wawe urabyemera. Ibizamini byimikorere yumwijima bipima enzymes na poroteyine zerekana niba umwijima wawe ukora neza.

Ibimenyetso byingenzi birimo ALT na AST (enzymes yumwijima), bilirubin (itunganya imyanda), na albumin (poroteyine umwijima wawe ukora). Kuzamuka kw'urwego rwa enzyme birashobora gutera kwangwa cyangwa izindi ngorane, mugihe urwego rusanzwe rugaragaza imikorere myiza.

Abaganga bawe banagenzura urwego rw'imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa mu maraso yawe. Iyi miti irinda ko umubiri wanga igice cyashyizwe mu mubiri ariko ikeneye kugenzurwa neza. Gukoresha mike bitera ibyago byo kwangwa, naho gukoresha nyinshi bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi cyangwa bikongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara.

Gukora ibizamini bya buri gihe bishobora kuba ngombwa, cyane cyane mu mwaka wa mbere. Ibi bikubiyemo gufata urugero ruto rw'umwijima kugira ngo barebe niba hari kwangwa cyangwa izindi ngorane ku rwego rw'uturemangingo. Nubwo bishobora gutera ubwoba, ni uburyo busanzwe butanga amakuru y'agaciro.

Ni gute wakomeza ubuzima bw'umwijima wimuriwe?

Kwita ku mwijima wawe wimuriwe bisaba ubwitange bw'ubuzima bwose, ariko abantu benshi bamenyera neza gahunda nshya. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukurikiza inama z'ikipe yawe y'abaganga.

Akazi kawe k'ingenzi ni gufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa nk'uko byategetswe. Iyi miti irinda ko ubudahangarwa bwawe butera umwijima mushya wawe, ariko bigomba gufatwa ku gihe mu buzima bwawe bwose. Ntukigere na rimwe usiba doze cyangwa uhagarike kuyifata utabiherewe uburenganzira n'umuganga wawe.

Gukurikiranwa n'abaganga buri gihe ni ngombwa kugira ngo ugere ku ntsinzi irambye. Uzasurwa kenshi mu ntangiriro, hanyuma bikagenda bigabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita. Uku gusurwa bituma ikipe yawe ifata ingamba hakiri kare kandi igahindura uburyo bwo kukwitaho uko bikwiye.

Kwirinda kwandura indwara birahinduka ibintu by'ingenzi kuko imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa igutera kugaragara cyane. Karaba intoki zawe kenshi, irinda kwitabira imbaga mu gihe cy'ibicurane, ujye ukurikiza inkingo umuganga wawe yemera, kandi usabe ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi vuba na bwangu niba hari ibimenyetso by'uburwayi.

Uburyo bwo kubaho bugira uruhare runini ku buzima bw'igice cyimuriwe. Gira imirire myiza, ukore imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe nk'uko umuganga wawe abikugira inama, irinda inzoga rwose, ntukanywe itabi, kandi urinde uruhu rwawe ku mirasire y'izuba kuko imiti imwe n'imwe yongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'uruhu.

Ni ibihe bintu bitera ibyago byo kugira ingorane nyuma yo kwimurirwa umwijima?

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo nyuma yo kwimurwa kw'umwijima. Kubisobanukirwa bifasha wowe n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo kukwitaho.

Imyaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange bigira uruhare runini mu kumenya ibyago. Abarwayi bakuze cyangwa abafite indwara zikomeye z'umutima, ibihaha, cyangwa impyiko bashobora guhura n'ibibazo byinshi, nubwo imyaka yonyine itagukuraho uburenganzira bwo kwimurwa.

Impamvu yatumye umwijima wawe unanirwa nayo igira uruhare mu byago. Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe nka hepatite C cyangwa kanseri y'umwijima bashobora kugira ibyago bitandukanye ugereranije n'abafite indwara ziterwa n'umwijima.

Indwara zari zisanzweho zongera ibyago zirimo:

• Indwara z'umutima cyangwa guturika kw'umutima kwabayeho mbere
• Indwara z'ibihaha cyangwa ibibazo byo guhumeka
• Imikorere mibi y'impyiko
• Diabetes
• Umubyibuho ukabije
• Kubagwa mu nda kwabayeho mbere
• Indwara zo gutuma amaraso avura
• Udukoko dukomeje

Ibintu bike ariko bikomeye by'ibyago birimo indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'imiterere y'umubiri zishobora kugira ingaruka ku gukira, kwimurwa kw'ingingo kwabayeho mbere, cyangwa ibintu bitandukanye by'umubiri bigoye. Ikipe yawe y'abantu bazagufasha kwimurwa isuzuma neza ibi bintu byose mbere yo kugusaba kubagwa.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora kuvuka nyuma yo kwimurwa kw'umwijima?

Kimwe n'ubundi bubare bukomeye, kwimurwa kw'umwijima bifite ibyago, ariko ibibazo bikomeye ntibisanzwe ahantu habifitiye ubunararibonye. Ikipe yawe y'abantu bazagufasha kwimurwa ikora cyane kugira ngo yirinde kandi ikemure vuba ibibazo byose bivutse.

Ibyago byihutirwa byo kubagwa birimo kuva amaraso, indwara, no kuvura kw'amaraso. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga ikugenzura neza mu cyumba cyita ku barwayi cyane nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo ibone ibi hakiri kare. Abantu benshi bakira nyuma yo kubagwa nta bibazo bikomeye.

Ikibazo gikomeye cyane cy'igihe kirekire ni ukwanga kw'ingingo, aho urugero rwawe rw'umubiri rutera umwijima wimuriwe. Ibi bibaho ku bantu bagera kuri 10-20% ariko mubisanzwe birashobora kuvurwa neza no guhindura imiti iyo bifashwe hakiri kare.

Ibyago bisanzwe bishobora kuvuka birimo:

• Kwanga vuba (bishobora kuvurwa no guhindura imiti)
• Kwanga k'ibihe byose (kwangirika kw'umwijima buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda)
• Kongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara biturutse ku miti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
• Umubyibuho ukabije
• Ibibazo by'impyiko
• Indwara z'amagufa
• Kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri, cyane cyane kanseri y'uruhu
• Ibibazo by'inzira z'amazi y'igifu

Ibyago bidasanzwe ariko bikomeye birimo ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaraso, indwara zikomeye, cyangwa gusubira mu ndwara y'umwijima yariho. Nubwo ibi byumvikana biteye ubwoba, wibuke ko abantu benshi bakiriye umwijima bashobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza, bukora imyaka myinshi nyuma yo kubagwa.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo guhabwa umwijima?

Nyuma yo guhabwa umwijima, uzagira gahunda yo kujya kwa muganga buri gihe, ariko ugomba kumenya igihe ugomba kwihutira kwivuza. Gusubiza vuba ibibazo birinda ibibazo bikomeye.

Vugana n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga bahuza imyanya y'umubiri ako kanya niba urwaye umuriro uri hejuru ya 100.4°F, kuko ibi bishobora kugaragaza indwara cyangwa kwangwa. Kubera ko ubudahangarwa bwawe bugabanuka, indwara zirashobora gukomera vuba.

Ibimenyetso bindi byo kwitondera bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga birimo isesemi idahagarara cyangwa kuruka, kuribwa cyane mu nda, guhinduka kw'uruhu cyangwa amaso, inkari z'umukara, cyangwa umunaniro udasanzwe. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo by'umwijima bisaba isuzuma ryihuse.

Ugomba kandi guhamagara muganga wawe kuri:

• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura (umuriro, guhinda umushyitsi, kuribwa mu muhogo, inkorora idasanzwe)
• Guhinduka ahantu wakorewe igikomere (umutuku, kubyimba, kuvamo amazi)
• Guhinduka gukomeye mu rwego rwo kurya cyangwa ibiro
• Ukwiyongera gushya cyangwa gukomera mu maguru cyangwa mu nda
• Kuvurungana cyangwa guhinduka kw'imyitwarire
• Kuva amaraso cyangwa gukomereka byoroshye
• Kugorana gufata imiti yawe

Wibuke, ikipe yawe y'abaganga bakora ibijyanye no gushyira mu mubiri ibice by'umubiri bifuza kumva ibikubaho igihe ufite impungenge. Buri gihe ni byiza guhamagara ukabamenyesha, bakagutera ishyaka ko byose bimeze neza kurusha gutegereza ukaba wakwibagirwa ikintu cy'ingenzi.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no gushyira mu mubiri igice cy'umwijima

Ibibazo 1. Ese gushyira mu mubiri igice cy'umwijima ni byiza ku barwaye kanseri y'umwijima?

Gushyira mu mubiri igice cy'umwijima bishobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri y'umwijima, cyane cyane kanseri yitwa hepatocellular carcinoma ikurikiza ibisabwa byihariye. Ntabwo kanseri zose z'umwijima zujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo zishyirwe mu mubiri, kuko kanseri igomba kuba yarakwiriye ahantu hamwe kandi itaratera imbere cyane.

Urufatiro rw'icyemezo ruterwa n'ibintu nk'ubunini bw'igishyitsi, umubare w'ibishyitsi, niba kanseri yaragutse ikava mu mwijima. Umuganga wawe w'inzobere mu kuvura kanseri n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga bakora ibijyanye no gushyira mu mubiri ibice by'umubiri bakorana kugira ngo bamenye niba wujuje ibisabwa hashingiwe ku mabwiriza asanzwe atanga ibisubizo byiza.

Ibibazo 2. Ese gushyira mu mubiri igice cy'umwijima bivura indwara ya hepatite C?

Gushyira mu mubiri igice cy'umwijima gukuraho umwijima wangijwe na hepatite C, ariko virusi ishobora kongera kwanduriza umwijima wawe mushya kuko izenguruka mu maraso yawe. Ariko, imiti myiza irwanya virusi ubu irashobora kuvura indwara ya hepatite C mbere cyangwa nyuma yo gushyira mu mubiri igice cy'umubiri.

Ibice byinshi by'ubuvuzi bishyiraho imiti irwanya virusi ya hepatite C ikoreshwa mbere yo gushyira mu mubiri igice cy'umubiri cyangwa nyuma gato yaho. Iyi miti ifite urugero rwo kuvura ruri hejuru ya 95%, ikarandura neza virusi kandi igakingira umwijima wawe mushya.

Ibibazo 3. Umwijima washyizwe mu mubiri umara igihe kingana iki?

Imyinshi mu mijima yashyizwe mu mubiri ikora neza imyaka myinshi. Abagera kuri 85-90% by'abantu bakiriye umwijima washyizwe mu mubiri baba bakiriho umwaka umwe nyuma yo kubagwa, kandi hafi 75% baba bakiriho nyuma y'imyaka itanu. Abantu benshi babaho imyaka 20 cyangwa irenga bafite umwijima washyizwe mu mubiri.

Ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe washyizwe mu mubiri buterwa n'ibintu nk'imyaka yawe, ubuzima muri rusange, impamvu yo gushyira mu mubiri igice cy'umubiri, n'uburyo ukurikiza neza ubuvuzi bwawe. Gufata imiti nk'uko byategetswe no kugira imyifatire myiza bizamura cyane ibisubizo by'igihe kirekire.

Q.4 Mbasha kubyara nyuma yo guhabwa umwijima?

Yego, abagore benshi barabyara neza kandi bakabyara abana bazima nyuma yo guhabwa umwijima. Ariko, gutwita bisaba gutegura neza no kwitabwaho n'inzobere zombi mu ikipe yaguhaye umwijima ndetse n'inzobere mu gutwita kw'abantu bafite ibibazo.

Muri rusange, ugomba gutegereza byibuze umwaka umwe nyuma yo guhabwa umwijima mbere yo kugerageza gutwita, kugira ngo imikorere y'umwijima wawe igire umutuzo. Imwe mu miti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ishobora gukenera guhindurwa igihe utwite kugira ngo umutekano wawe n'umwana wawe byizwe.

Q.5 Nzakeneye kongera guhabwa umwijima?

Abantu benshi bakenera guhabwa umwijima rimwe gusa mu buzima bwabo. Ariko, abarwayi bamwe bashobora kuzakenera kongera guhabwa umwijima niba umwijima wabo wananiwe kubera kwangwa kw'igihe kirekire, gusubira mu ndwara yariho mbere, cyangwa izindi ngorane.

Gukenera guhabwa umwijima bwa kabiri ntibisanzwe, bikaba bibaho ku kigereranyo cya 10-15% by'abarwayi mu myaka myinshi. Gukurikiza neza imiti no kwitabwaho neza bigabanya cyane amahirwe yo gukenera kongera guhabwa umwijima.