Ni iki cyitwa Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)? Impamvu, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Lumbar puncture, akenshi yitwa spinal tap, ni uburyo bwa muganga aho muganga ashyira urushinge ruto mu mugongo wawe wo hasi kugirango akusanye amazi yo mu bwonko (CSF) kugirango akorerwe isuzuma. Aya mazi asobanutse azenguruka ubwonko bwawe n'umugongo, akora nk'igishushanyo kirinda. Nubwo gutekereza urushinge rwegereye umugongo wawe bishobora gutera ubwoba, ubu buryo muri rusange burizewe kandi bushobora gutanga amakuru y'ingenzi yerekeye ubuzima bwawe atabasha kugaragazwa n'izindi igeragezwa.

Lumbar puncture ni iki?

Lumbar puncture ikubiyemo gushyira urushinge rwihariye hagati y'amagufa yo mu mugongo wawe wo hasi kugirango ugere ahantu hari amazi yo mu bwonko. Ubu buryo bubera mu gice cyawe cya lumbar, niyo mpamvu yitwa

• Ubukana bwa meningite cyangwa encephalitis (indwara zifata ubwonko n'umugongo)
• Multiple sclerosis cyangwa izindi ndwara zifata imikorere y'umubiri zifata imitsi y'ubwonko
• Ukuva amaraso hafi y'ubwonko (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
• Ubwoko bumwe bwa kanseri ifata imitsi y'ubwonko
• Guillain-Barré syndrome (indwara idasanzwe ifata imitsi)
• Ibimenyetso by'indwara zifata imitsi y'ubwonko bitasobanutse nk'umutwe ukabije cyangwa urujijo

Rimwe na rimwe, muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ubu buryo kugira ngo atange imiti mu gice cy'umugongo, nk'imiti ya kanseri cyangwa imiti ituma umuntu atagira ububabare mu gihe cy'ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi. Ubu buryo bwihariye bushobora kugira akamaro kurusha gufata imiti mu kanwa cyangwa kuyinyuza mu muyoboro w'amaraso.

Ni iki gikorerwa mu gihe cyo gupima umugongo?

Uburyo bwo gupima umugongo busanzwe bufata iminota 30 kugeza kuri 45 kandi bukorerwa mu bitaro cyangwa mu ivuriro ry'abarwayi batagomba kurara. Uzashyirwa mu mwanya wo kuryama ku ruhande rwawe amavi yawe akururwa mu gituza cyawe, cyangwa wicaye ugahinguka imbere ku meza. Ibi bice bifasha gufungura imyanya iri hagati y'amagufwa yawe.

Muganga wawe azahanagura umugongo wawe hasi akoresheje umuti wica mikorobe hanyuma atere urushinge rutuma nta bubabare. Uzumva akantu gato kavuye kuri uru rushinge, ariko bituma igikorwa gisigaye kigenda neza. Iyo ahantu hatagira ububabare, muganga wawe azashyira urushinge mu mugongo hagati y'amagufwa abiri yo hasi y'umugongo wawe.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mu gihe cyo gukora iki gikorwa:

1. Muganga wawe ashakisha ahantu hakwiye akoresheje ibimenyetso by'umubiri
2. Urushinge rugenda rutambuka buhoro buhoro kugeza rugere mu mwanya w'amazi yo mu bwonko
3. Akayaga gato k'amazi (akenshi utuyiko 1-4) gateranyirizwa mu tuyunguruzo twera
4. Urushinge ruvanwaho hanyuma hashyirwaho agapfuko gato
5. Uzasabwa kuryama hasi iminota 30 kugeza ku isaha nyuma yaho

Mugihe cyo gukusanya amazi, ushobora kumva umuvuduko cyangwa kumva urumuri ruto rugenda rugana ku kuguru kwawe. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi bibaho kuko urushinge ruri hafi y'imizi y'imitsi. Abantu benshi bavuga ko kutumva neza ari guto kuruta uko bari babiteguye.

Ni gute witegura gukorerwa lumbar puncture?

Kwitegura gukorerwa lumbar puncture biroroshye, kandi ikipe yawe y'ubuzima izaguha amabwiriza yihariye. Muri rusange, urashobora kurya no kunywa ibisanzwe mbere y'igikorwa keretse muganga wawe akubwiye ibitandukanye. Ni ngombwa kubwira muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata, cyane cyane imiti igabanya amaraso.

Ushobora gukenera guhagarika imiti imwe mbere y'igikorwa, cyane cyane iyo igira ingaruka ku kuvura amaraso. Muganga wawe azaguha ubuyobozi bugaragara ku miti ugomba guhagarika no kumara igihe kingana iki. Ntukigere uhagarika imiti wandikiwe na muganga utabiherewe uburenganzira.

Ku munsi wo gukorerwa iki gikorwa, wambare imyenda yoroshye kandi yagutse ituma ubasha kugera ku mugongo wawe. Tekereza kuzana umuntu uzagutwara mu rugo, kuko uzagomba kuruhuka amasaha menshi nyuma yaho. Abantu bamwe barumva bananiwe cyangwa bafite umutwe muto nyuma y'iki gikorwa.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe bya lumbar puncture?

Ibisubizo byawe by'amazi yo mu bwonko bizerekana ibipimo byinshi by'ingenzi bifasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa ibiri kuba mu mikorere y'imitsi yawe. CSF isanzwe irabagirana kandi idafite ibara, nk'amazi. Impinduka zose zigaragara, ibara, cyangwa imiterere birashobora kugaragaza ibibazo byihariye.

Muganga wawe azareba ibintu byinshi by'icyitegererezo cyawe cy'amazi. Ibyo bipimo by'ingenzi birimo imibare y'uturemangingo, urwego rwa poroteyine, urwego rwa glucose, n'ibipimo by'umuvuduko. Ibisubizo bisanzwe muri rusange bisobanura ko imikorere y'imitsi yawe ikora neza kandi nta kimenyetso cy'ubwandu cyangwa izindi ngorane zikomeye zihari.

Dore icyo ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kugaragaza:

• Umubare mwinshi w'uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso: Gashobora kuba icyorezo cyangwa kubyimbirwa
• Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tutukura turimo: Gushobora kuva amaraso cyangwa gukomeretswa
• Urugero rwo hejuru rwa poroteyine: Gishobora kwerekana icyorezo, kubyimbirwa, cyangwa izindi ndwara
• Urugero rwo hasi rwa glukose: Akenshi byerekana icyorezo giterwa na bagiteri
• Amazi afite urujijo cyangwa afite ibara: Akenshi byerekana icyorezo cyangwa kuva amaraso
• Urugero rutari rwo rw'umuvuduko: Gishobora kwerekana indwara zitandukanye zo mu bwonko

Muganga wawe azasobanura ibisubizo byawe byihariye n'icyo bisobanuye ku buzima bwawe. Rimwe na rimwe, ibindi bizami ku kintu cyavuyeho bishobora gukenerwa kugira ngo ubone ishusho yuzuye. Wibuke ko ibisubizo bigomba gusobanurwa mu rwego rw'ibimenyetso byawe n'andi makuru y'ubuvuzi.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa no gukora lumbar puncture?

Nubwo lumbar puncture muri rusange ari nziza, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byawe byo kugira ingaruka. Inzira nyinshi zigenda neza, ariko ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa icyo gishobora gukora inzira igoranye cyangwa kongera ibyago byawe byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa na yo.

Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza uko umeze mbere yo kugusaba gukora iyo nzira. Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ingaruka harimo indwara zo kuva amaraso, imiti imwe na imwe, cyangwa impinduka z'umubiri mu mugongo wawe. Abantu bafite umusonga ukabije cyangwa babaze mu mugongo mbere bashobora guhura n'ibindi bibazo.

Ibyago byongera ingaruka muganga wawe azatekereza harimo:

• Gufata imiti ituma amaraso ataguma
• Kugira indwara yo kuva amaraso cyangwa umubare muto wa platelet
• Umusonga ukabije wo mu mugongo cyangwa guhinduka kwawo
• Kubagwa mu mugongo mbere hakoreshejwe ibikoresho
• Umuvuduko wiyongereye mu bwonko
• Icyorezo cyo ku ruhu ahakorerwa puncture
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu bwonko

Itsinda ryawe ryo kwita ku buzima rizasuzuma amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'imiti urimo gufata kugira ngo rigabanye ibyago. Bashobora gutegeka ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo barebe imikorere yawe yo gupfundika cyangwa ibizamini by'amashusho kugira ngo basuzume imiterere y'umugongo wawe mbere y'igikorwa.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no gutobora umugongo?

Abantu benshi ntibagira ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa no gutobora umugongo, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya icyo ugomba kwitaho. Ingaruka rusange ni kubabara umutwe bibaho mu masaha 24 kugeza kuri 48 nyuma y'igikorwa. Ibi bibaho ku bantu bagera kuri 10-15% kandi akenshi biba byoroheje kandi by'igihe gito.

Umutwe ubabara bitewe n'imihindukire y'igihe gito mu gice cy'amazi yo mu bwonko nyuma y'igikorwa. Akenshi byumvikana nabi iyo wicaye cyangwa uhagaze kandi bigakira iyo uryamye. Umutwe mwinshi ukira wenyine mu minsi mike uruhuka no kunywa amazi ahagije.

Izindi ngaruka zishobora kubaho zirimo:

• Umutwe ubabaza nyuma yo gutobora umugongo (rusange cyane)
• Kubabara umugongo cyangwa kubabara ahantu hatobowe
• Kugira ububabare bw'igihe gito mu kuguru cyangwa kumva urugero
• Kuva amaraso make ahantu hatobowe
• Gake: kwandura ahantu hatobowe
• Gake cyane: kwangirika kw'imitsi cyangwa kuvuza amazi y'umugongo bihoraho
• Gake cyane cyane: kwangirika k'ubwonko (mu gihe umuvuduko w'ubwonko wiyongereye)

Ingaruka zikomeye ntizisanzwe iyo igikorwa gikozwe n'abaganga bafite uburambe. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizagukurikiranira hafi kandi rizatanga amabwiriza asobanutse yerekeye igihe cyo kwitabaza muganga niba wumva ibimenyetso icyo aricyo cyose giteye impungenge.

Nkwiriye kubona umuganga ryari nyuma yo gutobora umugongo?

Ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ugize ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe nyuma yo gutobora umugongo. Nubwo abantu benshi bakira nta kibazo, ni ngombwa kumenya igihe ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka zikeneye ubufasha bwa muganga.

Umutwe ukaze udakira iyo uruhutse kandi uryamye, cyangwa urushaho kuba mubi uko iminsi igenda, bisaba guhamagara muganga wawe. Kimwe n'ibyo, niba urwaye umuriro, umugogo w'ijosi, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwandura ahantu hakozwe urushinge, ugomba kwihutira kwivuza.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe niba ubona:

• Umutwe ukaze urushaho kuba mubi cyangwa udakira nyuma y'amasaha 48
• Umuriro uri hejuru ya 101°F (38.3°C)
• Umugogo w'ijosi cyangwa kuribwa cyane mu ijosi
• Uburwayi buhoraho bwo kuruka no kuruka
• Itukura, kubyimba, cyangwa kuvusha ahantu hakozwe urushinge
• Kuribwa cyane mu mugongo kurushaho kuba mubi
• Ubumuga cyangwa intege nke mu maguru yawe bidakira

Ibimenyetso byinshi bibaho nyuma yo gukora lumbar puncture ni bike kandi by'igihe gito. Ariko, ntugatinye kuvugana n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi niba ufite impungenge ku bimenyetso byose urimo guhura nabyo. Bashobora gutanga ubuyobozi n'umutuzo.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye na lumbar puncture

Q1: Ese ikizamini cya lumbar puncture kirababaza?

Abantu benshi basanga lumbar puncture itababaza cyane nk'uko babyiteze. Urukingo rw'umuti w'agace ruteza guhinyuka gito, ariko nyuma yibyo, ugomba kumva gusa umuvuduko cyangwa kutoroherwa gake. Abantu bamwe baribwa mu kuguru igihe urushinge rugera ahantu hakorerwa imitsi, ariko ibyo birashira vuba.

Urwego rwo kutoroherwa akenshi rugereranywa no guterwa urukingo runini cyangwa gufata amaraso mu urwungano rutari rworoshye. Ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi izakorana kugirango ikugumane uko bishoboka kose mugihe cyose cy'iki gikorwa.

Q2: Ese lumbar puncture ishobora gutera ibyangiritse bihoraho?

Ibyangiritse bihoraho biturutse kuri lumbar puncture ni bike cyane iyo bikozwe n'abavuzi bafite uburambe. Abantu benshi cyane bakira neza nta ngaruka zirambye. Iki gikorwa kigamije kwirinda umugongo w'umugongo, urangirira hejuru mu mugongo wawe.

Nyamara ingaruka z'igihe gito nk'umutwe cyangwa kubabara umugongo ni ibisanzwe, ingorane zihoraho nk'uko kwangirika kw'imitsi cyangwa kubabara kw'igihe kirekire bibaho ku bantu batarenze 1% bakorewe icyo gikorwa. Inyungu zo kubona icyemezo cy'uburwayi gikwiye akenshi ziruta izo ngaruka nto.

Q3: Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire nyuma yo gukorerwa lumbar puncture?

Abantu benshi bumva bameze neza nyuma y'amasaha 24 kugeza kuri 48 nyuma yo gukorerwa lumbar puncture. Uzaba ukeneye kuruhuka mu masaha ya mbere nyuma yo gukorerwa icyo gikorwa, akenshi uryamye hasi mu gihe cy'iminota 30 kugeza ku isaha mu kigo cy'ubuvuzi. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa byoroheje uwo munsi.

Ugomba kwirinda ibikorwa bikomeye, kuzamura ibintu biremereye, cyangwa imyitozo ikomeye mu masaha 24 kugeza kuri 48. Abantu bamwe barwara umugongo cyangwa umunaniro mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, ariko ibi bikunze gukira iyo umuntu aruhutse kandi agafata imiti igabanya ububabare itagomba kwandikwa na muganga, niba bibaye ngombwa.

Q4: Nkwiriye gukora iki niba ndwaye umutwe nyuma yo gukorerwa lumbar puncture?

Niba urwaye umutwe nyuma yo gukorerwa lumbar puncture, gerageza kuryama hasi unywe amazi menshi. Umutwe akenshi uragabanuka cyane iyo uryamye hasi kuko ibi bifasha kugarura umuvuduko usanzwe mu mikorere y'amazi yo mu bwonko.

Imiti igabanya ububabare itagomba kwandikwa na muganga nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen ishobora gufasha kugabanya ububabare. Niba umutwe ukaze cyangwa ukomeje kurenza amasaha 48, hamagara umuganga wawe. Bashobora kugusaba izindi miti cyangwa bagashaka kugusuzuma ingorane zishobora kuba zihari.

Q5: Nshobora gutwara imodoka nyuma yo gukorerwa lumbar puncture?

Ntabwo ugomba gutwara imodoka ako kanya nyuma yo gukorerwa lumbar puncture. Abaganga benshi basaba ko undi muntu akutwara akakugeza mu rugo uvuye mu gikorwa. Uzaba ukeneye kuruhuka amasaha menshi nyuma yaho, kandi abantu bamwe bumva bananiwe cyangwa bafite umutwe woroshye ushobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwabo bwo gutwara neza.

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira gutwara imodoka nyuma y'amasaha 24 niba bumva bameze neza kandi badafite umutwe ukabije cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso. Umva umubiri wawe kandi ntugatware niba wumva uruka, ufite umutwe ukabije, cyangwa utumva umeze neza kandi witonda.