Ni iki Lumpectomy? Intego, Uburyo & Gukira

Lumpectomy ni kubaga kwita ku ibere gukuraho igituntu cya kanseri hamwe n'umubare muto w'igice cy'umubiri kizima gikikije. Ubu buryo butuma ugumana igice kinini cy'ibere ryawe mugihe uvura kanseri y'ibere neza. Akenshi yitwa "kubaga kwita ku ibere" kuko ibungabunga imiterere rusange n'imbonere y'ibere ryawe.

Abagore benshi bumva bahungabanye iyo bumvise bwa mbere ko bakeneye kubagwa ibere. Kumva ibyo lumpectomy ikubiyemo birashobora gufasha koroshya izo mpungenge no kuguha imbaraga zo gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku kwitabwaho kwawe.

Lumpectomy ni iki?

Lumpectomy ni uburyo bwo kubaga bukuraho kanseri y'ibere mugihe ibungabunga igice kinini cy'umubiri w'ibere ryawe kamere. Mugihe cy'ubu bwoko bwo kubaga, umuganga wawe akuraho igituntu hamwe n'umupaka w'igice kizima gikikije kugirango yemeze ko uturemangingo twa kanseri twose dukurwaho.

Bitekereze nk'ububaga bw'ukuri bugamije gusa ahantu hari ikibazo. Intego ni kugera ku gukuraho kanseri yuzuye mugihe ugumana imbonere kamere n'imikorere y'ibere ryawe. Ubu buryo bwagaragaye ko bufite akamaro kimwe na mastectomy kuri kanseri y'ibere yo mu ntangiriro iyo ihujwe na radiyo.

Ubu buryo busanzwe bufata isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri kandi bukorerwa munsi ya anesthesia rusange. Abantu benshi barashobora gutaha umunsi umwe cyangwa nyuma yo kurara ijoro rimwe, bitewe n'imimerere y'umuntu ku giti cye n'inama z'abaganga.

Kuki lumpectomy ikorwa?

Lumpectomy ikorwa kugirango ivure kanseri y'ibere mugihe ibungabunga ibere ryawe. Ni uburyo bwo kuvura bukunzwe iyo kanseri ivumbuwe hakiri kare kandi ikaba yihariye ahantu hato mu gice cy'ibere.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukorerwa lumpectomy niba ufite kanseri y'ibere yateye cyangwa ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), ubu ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'ibere itateye. Ubugari n'ahantu hakorerwa tumor yawe, hamwe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, bigena niba uri umukandida mwiza kuri iyi nzira.

Iyi operasiyo itanga inyungu nyinshi ugereranije n'inzira ndende. Urinda isura y'ibere ryawe risanzwe, ukagira igihe gito cyo koroherwa, kandi akenshi wumva wishimye n'isura y'umubiri wawe nyuma yo kuvurwa. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko lumpectomy ikurikizwa na radiyo itanga urugero rwo kubaho rungana na mastectomy kuri kanseri y'ibere yo mu ntangiriro.

Ni iki gikorerwa muri lumpectomy?

Inzira ya lumpectomy ikurikiza uburyo bateguwe neza kugirango habeho gukuraho kanseri yose mugihe urinda ibice by'umubiri bifite ubuzima. Itsinda ryabaganga bazaba barasuzumye neza dosiye yawe n'ibizamini by'amashusho mbere yuko operasiyo itangira.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo kubagwa kwa lumpectomy:

1. Uzakira anesthesia rusange kugirango wemeze ko wumva umeze neza neza mugihe cyo gukora
2. Umuvuzi akora agace gato hejuru y'ahantu hakorerwa tumor, akenshi akurikiza imiterere isanzwe y'ibere ryawe
3. Tumor ikurwaho neza hamwe n'umupaka w'igice cy'umubiri gifite ubuzima kizengurutse
4. Igice cyakuweho cyoherezwa muri patoloji kugirango kigenzurwe ako kanya kugirango hemeze imipaka isobanutse
5. Niba imipaka itasobanutse, igice cyinyongera gishobora gukurwaho mugihe kimwe
6. Umuvuzi wawe asoza igice hamwe na sutures cyangwa clips
7. Urugo rw'amazi rushobora gushyirwaho by'agateganyo niba bibaye ngombwa

Inzira yose muri rusange ifata isaha 1-2, bitewe n'ubugari n'ahantu hakorerwa tumor. Umuvuzi wawe ashobora kandi gukora biopsy ya sentinel lymph node mugihe kimwe kugirango arebe niba kanseri yateye mu nsinga zegeranye.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, umuganga wawe ushinzwe kubaga ashobora gukoresha insinga zigaragaza cyangwa izindi tekiniki zo kugaragaza amashyiga mato adashobora kumvwa mugihe cyo gupima. Ibi bituma gukuraho neza mugihe urinda igice cyinshi cyimitsi ifite ubuzima.

Ni gute wakitegura kubagwa lumpectomy?

Kutegura kubagwa lumpectomy bikubiyemo kwitegura kumubiri no mumutwe kugirango habeho ibisubizo byiza bishoboka. Itsinda ryawe rishinzwe ubuzima rizatanga amabwiriza yihariye yagenewe imiterere yawe.

Intambwe nyinshi zizagufasha kwitegura kubagwa neza no gukira:

• Reka gufata imiti igabanya amaraso nkuko byategetswe na muganga wawe, mubisanzwe iminsi 7-10 mbere yo kubagwa
• Tegura umuntu wo kukujyana murugo akagumana nawe mumasaha 24 ya mbere
• Funga amasaha 8-12 mbere yo kubagwa nkuko byategetswe nitsinda ryawe rishinzwe kubaga
• Wambare imyenda yoroshye, yagutse ifite buto cyangwa zipu imbere
• Kura imitako yose, maquillage, na polish y'inzara mbere yo kugera mu bitaro
• Ukarabe isabune irwanya mikorobe mugitondo no mugitondo cyo kubagwa
• Zana urutonde rwimiti yose na supplement urimo gufata

Umuhanga wawe ushinzwe kubaga azahura nawe mbere yuburyo kugirango asubize ibibazo byose byanyuma kandi yemeze ko wumva wishimye. Iki nicyo gihe cyiza cyo kuganira kubyerekeye impungenge zose zijyanye no kubagwa cyangwa uburyo bwo gukira.

Tekereza gutegura urugo rwawe kugirango ukire ukoresheje ahantu ho kuruhukira neza hamwe no kubona ibikenewe byoroshye. Kugira ibikoresho bya barafu, imitako yoroshye, nibishoboka byo kwidagadura bishobora gutuma gukira kwawe bishimisha.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe bya lumpectomy?

Kumva raporo yawe ya pathology ya lumpectomy igufasha gusobanukirwa icyo kubagwa cyagezeho nintambwe zikurikira muri gahunda yawe yo kuvura. Raporo ya pathology itanga amakuru yingenzi yerekeye kanseri yawe niba kubagwa byarangiye bikuraho imitsi yose irwaye kanseri.

Raporo yawe y'uburwayi izaba irimo ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi bizagufasha mu kwivuza. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni niba umuganga wabaze yarageze ku "mpande zidasanzwe", bivuze ko nta selile za kanseri zasanzwe ku mpande z'igice cyavanyweho.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi raporo yawe y'uburwayi izavugaho:

• Imiterere y'impande - niba selile za kanseri zigera ku mpande z'igice cyavanyweho
• Ubunini bw'igishyitsi na bwoko - imiterere yihariye ya kanseri yawe
• Imiterere ya reseptori ya hormone - niba kanseri yawe isubiza kuri hormone
• Imiterere ya HER2 - poroteyine igira ingaruka ku mikurire ya kanseri n'uburyo bwo kuyivura
• Urugero - uburyo selile za kanseri yawe zisa nk'izikaze iyo zirebwe mu mikorosikopi
• Uruhare rw'imitsi y'amazi - niba kanseri yarakwiriye mu nsinga z'amazi zegeranye

Impande zidasanzwe bivuze ko umuganga wabaze yakuyemo kanseri yose igaragara hamwe n'igice cyiza cyayizengurutse. Niba impande zitagaragara neza, ushobora gukenera kubagwa bundi bushya kugira ngo bakuremo ibindi bice kandi bamenye neza ko kanseri yose yakurwaho.

Umuvuzi wawe w'indwara z'umubiri azasuzuma ibi byavuyeho hamwe nawe akagusobanurira uburyo bigira uruhare mu buryo bwo kukuvura. Iyi makuru ifasha kumenya niba ukeneye izindi mvura nka shimi, imvura ya hormone, cyangwa imvura yagenewe.

Ni gute wakira nyuma yo kubagwa lumpectomy?

Kuvura nyuma ya lumpectomy muri rusange biroroshye, abantu benshi basubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe mu byumweru 1-2. Umubiri wawe ukeneye igihe cyo gukira, kandi gukurikiza amabwiriza y'umuganga wabaze neza bituma ugira uburwayi bwiza.

Mu minsi mike ya mbere nyuma yo kubagwa, birashoboka ko uzagira ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, kubyimba, no gukomeretsa ahantu habazwe. Ibi bimenyetso ni ibisanzwe kandi bigenda bigabanuka uko umubiri wawe ukira.

Uburyo bwo kuvura bugomba kuba burimo iyi mirongo ngenderwaho y'ingenzi:

• Fata imiti igabanya ububabare nk'uko byategetswe kugira ngo wumve umeze neza
• Koresha ahantu habaguriwe isuku kandi humye, ukurikiza amabwiriza yihariye yo kwita ku gikomere
• Irinda kuzamura ibintu biremereye (birenze ibiro 4.5) mu byumweru 1-2
• Subira buhoro buhoro mu bikorwa bisanzwe uko wumva witeguye
• Witabe gahunda zose zo gukurikiranwa n'ikipe yawe yabaguzi
• Menya ibimenyetso byo kwandura nk'ukwiyongera kw'umutuku, ubushyuhe, cyangwa ibitonyanga
• Kora imyitozo yoroheje y'amaboko nk'uko byategetswe kugira ngo wirinde umugaga

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira ku kazi mu cyumweru, bitewe n'ibisabwa by'akazi kabo. Ibikorwa birimo kuzamura ibintu biremereye cyangwa imyitozo ikomeye y'amaboko bigomba kwirindwa kugeza igihe umuganga abiguriye, akenshi nyuma y'ibyumweru 2-4 nyuma yo kubagwa.

Kugaruka mu mutwe kwawe ni ngombwa kimwe no gukira mu mubiri. Bisanzwe kumva ufite impungenge, agahinda, cyangwa kuremererwa nyuma yo kubagwa kanseri. Ntukazuyaze kuvugana n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi, amatsinda ashyigikiye, cyangwa abajyanama niba ukeneye ubufasha mu mutwe muri iki gihe.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo gukenera lumpectomy?

Ibintu byongera ibyago byo gukenera lumpectomy ni kimwe n'ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere. Kumva ibi bintu bifasha gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku bijyanye no gupima no gukumira.

Ibintu bimwe byongera ibyago bya kanseri y'ibere bishobora kuba bidashobora kugenzurwa, mu gihe ibindi bifitanye isano n'ubuzima ushobora kugenzura. Imyaka iracyari ikintu cy'ingenzi cyongera ibyago, kanseri nyinshi z'ibere ziboneka ku bagore barengeje imyaka 50.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere:

• Kuba umugore no gusaza, cyane cyane nyuma yo gucura
• Amateka y'umuryango y'umubyimba cyangwa kanseri y'intara
• Impinduka za jeni zarazwe nka BRCA1 cyangwa BRCA2
• Kanseri y'ibere yabanje cyangwa indwara zimwe na zimwe z'ibere zitari mbi
• Umutsi w'ibere wuzuye bituma kubona kanseri bigorana cyane
• Kugira uruhare rwa estrojeni mu gihe kirekire
• Kugira uruhare rwa radiasiyo mu gatuza mu bwana cyangwa mu busore

Ibintu by'imibereho bishobora kongera ibyago birimo kunywa inzoga, kuba umubyibuhe nyuma yo gucura, no kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri. Ariko, kugira ibintu by'ibibazo ntibisobanura ko rwose uzarwara kanseri y'ibere.

Isesengura risanzwe binyuze muri mammogram na ibizamini by'ibere bifasha kumenya kanseri hakiri kare igihe lumpectomy ishobora gukora neza. Kumenya hakiri kare bituma ibisubizo by'imiti n'ubuzima bw'abarwayi buzamuka cyane.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka za lumpectomy?

Lumpectomy muri rusange ni uburyo bwizewe bufite ibyago bike by'ingaruka zikomeye. Ariko, nk'uko buri kubaga, bifite ibyago bimwe bishoboka ikipe yawe yo kubaga izaganiraho nawe mbere y'uburyo.

Inyinshi mu ngaruka ni nto kandi zikemurwa no kwitabwaho neza n'igihe. Ikipe yawe yo kubaga ifata ingamba zikomeye zo kugabanya ibyago no gushimangira igisubizo gishoboka cyane kubera imiterere yawe yihariye.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kubaho zirimo:

• Udukoko ahantu habagishirijwe, akenshi gasubiza neza imiti yica udukoko
• Kuva amaraso cyangwa gukora hematoma bisaba imiti yinyongera
• Impinduka mu kumva ibere, bishobora kuba by'agateganyo cyangwa bihoraho
• Gukora seroma (gukusanya amazi) bishobora gukenera kuvurwa
• Gusiga ibimenyetso bishobora kugira ingaruka ku isura y'ibere
• Imipaka myiza isaba kubaga kwiyongera
• Lymphedema niba imitsi ya lymph yakuweho

Ibintu bidasanzwe ariko bikomeye birimo ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwibasirwa n'imiti y'ubuvuzi, amaraso avura, cyangwa kuva amaraso menshi bisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa. Itsinda ry'abaganga bakubaga baragukurikiranira hafi mu gihe cyo kubaga no nyuma yaho kugira ngo bakemure vuba ibibazo byose.

Abantu benshi bagira ibibazo bito gusa kandi bagakira neza mu byumweru 4-6. Ibyago byo kugira ibibazo biterwa n'ibintu nk'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, ubunini n'ahantu hakorerwa tumor, n'uburyo ukurikiza amabwiriza yo nyuma yo kubagwa.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo gukuraho tumor?

Ugomba guhita uvugana n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi niba ubonye ibimenyetso bibangamiye nyuma yo gukuraho tumor. Nubwo kutumva neza no kubyimba biba bisanzwe, ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Itsinda ry'abaganga bakubaga bazategura gahunda yo gusuzuma buri gihe kugira ngo bakurikirane uko ukira kandi baganire ku ntambwe zikurikira muri gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa. Izi gahunda ni ngombwa kugira ngo ukire neza kandi ukomeze kwitabwaho na kanseri.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ubona:

• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura nk'umuriro, umutuku wiyongera, gushyuha, cyangwa uruhu ruruka ku gice cyakoreweho
• Urubavu rukabije rutagabanuka n'imiti yategetswe
• Kuva amaraso menshi cyangwa kongera urugero rwo kuvura
• Ibimenyetso byo kuvura amaraso nk'ukuboko kubyimba, kuribwa mu gituza, cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Urugimbu rukabije cyangwa kuruka bikubuza kuguma mu mazi
• Uko bidasanzwe kubyimba mu kuboko kwawe cyangwa ikiganza ku ruhande rwakoreweho
• Uduce dushya cyangwa impinduka mu ibere ryawe cyangwa ahantu hakikije

Isuzuma ryawe rya mbere risanzwe riba mu byumweru 1-2 nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo barebe uko ukira kandi bakureho imitsi niba bibaye ngombwa. Ibindi bisuzuma bifasha guhuza imiti ikoreshwa mu kurasa cyangwa izindi miti umuganga wawe w’indwara z’umubiri ategeka.

Ubuvuzi buhoraho burambye bukubiyemo mammogram, ibizamini byo ku ibere, no gukurikirana kanseri. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakora gahunda yihariye yo kugenzura ishingiye ku miterere yawe yihariye n'ibintu bigushyira mu kaga.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye na lumpectomy

Q1. Ese lumpectomy irakora kimwe na mastectomy kuri kanseri y'ibere?

Yego, lumpectomy ikurikirwa na radiyo terapi irakora kimwe na mastectomy kuri kanseri y'ibere yo mu ntangiriro. Inyigo nyinshi zikomeye zerekanye ko urugero rwo kubaho ruringaniye hagati y'izi nzira ebyiri iyo kanseri ifashwe hakiri kare.

Itandukaniro rikomeye riri mu rugero rwo gukuraho imitsi no gukenera radiyo terapi nyuma ya lumpectomy. Mugihe mastectomy ikuraho ibere ryose, lumpectomy irinda imitsi myinshi y'ibere ryawe mugihe igeraho ibisubizo bimwe byo kugenzura kanseri.

Q2. Ese nzakenera radiyo terapi nyuma ya lumpectomy?

Abantu benshi bafite lumpectomy bazakenera radiyo terapi kugirango bagabanye ibyago byo gusubira kwa kanseri mu ibere. Radiyo terapi isanzwe itangira nyuma y'ibyumweru 4-6 nyuma yo kubagwa igihe igikomere cyawe cyakize neza.

Umuvuzi wawe w'indwara z'umubiri azemeza niba radiyo terapi ikenewe ashingiye ku miterere yawe yihariye ya kanseri, imyaka yawe, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Mu bihe bidasanzwe, abarwayi bakuze bafite kanseri ntoya cyane, idashobora gukenera radiyo terapi.

Q3. Ese ibere ryanjye rizasa rite nyuma ya lumpectomy?

Abantu benshi bashimishwa nuko ibere ryabo risa nyuma ya lumpectomy, cyane cyane ugereranije n'ubundi buryo bwo kubaga. Intego ni ugukuraho kanseri mugihe urinda isura isanzwe n'imiterere y'ibere ryawe.

Impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu isura y'ibere ni ibisanzwe kandi zirimo igikomere gito, kutaringana gato, cyangwa impinduka ntoya mu isura y'ibere. Izi mpinduka zikunze kuba ntoya kandi zigenda neza uko igihe kigenda imbere kandi kubyimba bigashira.

Q4. Ese nshobora konjesha nyuma yo gukora lumpectomy?

Abagore benshi bashobora konka neza nyuma yo kubagwa lumpectomy, nubwo ubushobozi bwawe bushobora guterwa n'aho kubagwa byakorewe n'uburyo byagenze. Niba imiyoboro y'amata itagizeho ingaruka zikomeye, imikorere yo konka akenshi irakomeza.

Ganira n'umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'imigambi yawe yo konka nyuma y'ubwo burwayi mbere yo kubagwa. Akenshi bashobora gutegura uburyo bwo kubaga kugirango bagabanye ingaruka ku miyoboro y'amata kandi barinde ubushobozi bwo konka igihe bibaye ngombwa.

Q5. Nzamarana igihe kingana iki ntajya ku kazi nyuma yo kubagwa lumpectomy?

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira ku kazi mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri nyuma yo kubagwa lumpectomy, bitewe n'ibisabwa by'akazi kabo n'imikurire yo gukira. Abakozi bo mu biro akenshi basubira ku kazi mbere y'abakora imirimo ikubiyemo gufata ibintu biremereye cyangwa imirimo ikomeye.

Umuganga wawe azatanga ubuyobozi bwihariye ku gihe ushobora gusubukura ibikorwa bitandukanye bitewe n'imikurire yawe yo gukira n'ibisabwa by'akazi. Umenye kumva umubiri wawe kandi ntugahutire gusubira mu bikorwa byose mbere yuko witeguye.