Gusuzuma kanseri y'ibihaha ni iki? Intego, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Gusuzuma kanseri y'ibihaha ni ikizamini cy'ubuvuzi cyagenewe gushaka kanseri y'ibihaha mu bantu badafite ibimenyetso na kimwe. Bitekereze nk'igenzura ry'ubuzima ry'ubuzima rishobora gufata ibibazo bishoboka hakiri kare, igihe kuvura bikunda kugira akamaro kanini.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma busanzwe bukoresha ubwoko bwihariye bwa CT scan yitwa low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). Iyi scan ifata amashusho arambuye y'ibihaha byawe ikoresheje imirasire mike cyane kuruta scan isanzwe ya CT. Yagenewe by'umwihariko kumenya utuntu duto cyangwa ibikura bishobora kuba bito cyane ku buryo bitagaragara.

Kuki gusuzuma kanseri y'ibihaha bikorwa?

Gusuzuma kanseri y'ibihaha bifite intego imwe nyamukuru: gushaka kanseri y'ibihaha mbere yo kurwara cyangwa kumenya ibimenyetso. Kumenya hakiri kare birashobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro rinini mu buryo bwo kuvura no kubona ibisubizo.

Kanseri nyinshi z'ibihaha ntizitera ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro zabyo. Igihe ushobora kumenya inkorora ihoraho, kubabara mu gituza, cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye, kanseri ishobora kuba yarazamutse cyangwa ikwirakwira. Gusuzuma bifasha kuziba icyuho cyo gufata kanseri zishoboka igihe zikiri nto kandi zivurwa neza.

Uku gusuzuma byumwihariko byasabwe kubantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibihaha. Muganga wawe azatekereza ibintu nk'imyaka yawe, amateka yo kunywa itabi, n'ubuzima muri rusange kugirango amenye niba gusuzuma bifite akamaro kuri wewe.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gusuzuma kanseri y'ibihaha?

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma kanseri y'ibihaha buroroshye kandi busanzwe bufata iminota 10-15. Uzaryama ku meza ashyirwa muri CT scanner, isa nk'imashini nini ifite ishusho ya donut.

Mugihe cya scan, uzakenera guhagarika umwuka wawe mubihe bigufi mugihe imashini ifata amashusho. Umutekinisiye azakuyobora muri ubu buryo, akumenyesha neza igihe cyo guhumeka n'igihe cyo guhagarara. Igihe nyacyo cyo gusuzuma mubisanzwe ni munsi y'amasegonda 30.

Icyuma gito cya CT gikoresha imirasire mike cyane ugereranije nicyuma gisanzwe cya CT. Mugihe uracyahura nimirasire, ingano ingana niyo wakira muburyo busanzwe kuva mumidugararo mumyaka myinshi.

Uburyo bwo kwitegura gupimisha kanseri y'ibihaha?

Kwitegura gupimisha kanseri y'ibihaha mubisanzwe biroroshye kandi ntibisaba impinduka zikomeye mumibereho. Urashobora kurya bisanzwe kandi ugafata imiti yawe isanzwe keretse muganga wawe akubwiye ibindi.

Ushobora kwifuza kwambara imyenda yoroshye, yagutse idafite ibikoresho byicyuma, imizigo, cyangwa amasutiya afite insinga. Ibi bintu byicyuma birashobora kubangamira ubuziranenge bwo gupima. Ibikorwa byinshi bitanga amakanzu y'ibitaro niba bikenewe.

Mbere yo guhura nawe, koranya ibisubizo byose byambere byo gushushanya igituza ushobora kuba ufite. Ibi bifasha abaganga bashinzwe imirasire kugereranya icyuma cyawe gihari nicyashaje, gishobora gutanga umwanya w'agaciro wo gusobanura ibisubizo byawe.

Uburyo bwo gusoma ibisubizo byawe byo gupimisha kanseri y'ibihaha?

Ibisubizo byawe byo gupimisha kanseri y'ibihaha mubisanzwe bizagwa mumwe mumashami menshi. Isubizo ribi risobanura ko nta turere dukeka twabonetse, nicyo gisubizo abantu benshi bakira.

Isubizo ryiza ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri. Bisobanura ko umuganga ushinzwe imirasire yabonye ikintu gikeneye gukorwaho iperereza ryimbitse, nka nodule nto cyangwa ahantu. Byinshi muribi byabonetse bisobanura ko ari ibintu byiza (bitari kanseri) nka mikorobe ya kera cyangwa igitambaro cyo gukomeretsa.

Niba ikintu gikekwa cyabonetse, muganga wawe azaganira nawe intambwe zikurikira. Ibi birashobora gukubiyemo gushushanya kwiyongera mumyaka mike kugirango urebe niba hari icyahinduka, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe biopsy kugirango ubone igisubizo gihamye. Gukurikirana byihariye biterwa nibyo icyuma cyerekana n'imimerere yawe bwite.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya kanseri y'ibihaha?

Kumenya ibintu bishobora gutera kanseri y'ibihaha birashobora gufasha wowe n'umuganga wawe gufata icyemezo cyo kumenya niba gusuzumwa bikwiriye kuri wowe. Ibi bintu ntibisobanura ko uzarwara kanseri y'ibihaha, ariko byongera amahirwe yawe.

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kugira uruhare mu kugira amahirwe yo kurwara kanseri y'ibihaha, kandi kubimenya bifasha mu kuyobora ibyemezo byo gusuzuma:

• Amateka yo kunywa itabi: Iki ni cyo kintu kinini cyane gishobora gutera iyi ndwara. Kunywa itabi ubu ndetse no kunywa itabi mu gihe cyashize byongera cyane ibyago, hamwe n'amateka maremare yo kunywa itabi bikaba bifite ibyago byinshi.
• Imyaka: Kanseri y'ibihaha ikunda kugaragara cyane uko ugenda usaza, aho ibibazo byinshi bibaho ku bantu bafite imyaka irenga 65.
• Kumenyekana n'umwotsi w'itabi ry'abandi: Kumenyekana buri gihe n'umwotsi w'itabi ry'abandi mu myaka myinshi birashobora kongera ibyago byawe.
• Kumenyekana na radoni: Iyi gazi ikomoka ku buryo bw'umwimerere irashobora kwegerana mu ngo no mu bikorwa, cyane cyane mu nzu zifite hasi.
• Kumenyekana n'akazi: Imiti imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa ku kazi nka asibesitosi, umwotsi wa mazutu, cyangwa ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago.
• Amateka y'umuryango: Kugira abantu bo mu muryango wawe ba hafi barwaye kanseri y'ibihaha birashobora kongera gato ibyago byawe.
• Ubuvuzi bwa radiyo bwa mbere: Niba warakoresheje ubuvuzi bwa radiyo mu gatuza kubera izindi kanseri, ibyago byawe birashobora kuba byinshi.

Ibi bintu bishobora gutera indwara akenshi bikorera hamwe, bityo kugira ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byawe muri rusange. Umuganga wawe azatekereza ku ishusho yawe yuzuye igihe asaba gusuzumwa.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no gusuzuma kanseri y'ibihaha?

Mugihe gusuzuma kanseri y'ibihaha muri rusange ari amahoro, ni ngombwa kumva ingaruka zishobora kubaho kugirango ushobore gufata icyemezo gifitiye akamaro. Abantu benshi ntibagira ibibazo na gato biturutse mu gusuzumwa.

Ibintu bikunze guteza impungenge biterwa n'ibisubizo by'ibinyoma kurusha uko biterwa n'isikani ubwayo. Iyo isesengura risanze hari ikintu giteye urujijo ariko kigahinduka kitari ikibi, bishobora gutera impungenge kandi bigatuma ukora ibindi bizami utari ukeneye.

Dore ibibazo bikomeye by'ingenzi ugomba kumenya:

• Kugira urugero rwinshi rw'imirasire: Nubwo isikani ya CT ikoresha imirasire mike, isikani zikomeza gukorwa mu myaka myinshi ziriyongera. Ibyago ni bito ariko bikwiye kuzirikanwa.
• Ibisubizo by'ibinyoma: Kubona ahantu hateye urujijo atari kanseri bishobora gutera impungenge n'ibindi bikorwa nk'ibizamini by'uturemangingo.
• Kuvumbura indwara nyinshi: Rimwe na rimwe, isesengura rivumbura kanseri zikura gake cyane zishobora kutazigera ziteza ibibazo mu buzima bwawe.
• Impungenge n'umunabi: Gutegereza ibisubizo cyangwa guhangana n'ibizamini byo gukurikirana bishobora kuba ibintu bigoye mu byiyumvo.
• Ibyago by'ibikorwa: Niba hakenerwa ibizamini by'uturemangingo, hari ibyago bito by'amaraso, indwara, cyangwa igihaha cyasenyutse.

Nubwo hari ibyo bibazo bishobora kuvuka, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi, inyungu zo gusesengura zikunze kurenga ibyago. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizagufasha gupima ibyo bintu bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bwite buteye.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga ku bijyanye no gusesengura kanseri y'ibihaha?

Ukwiye kuganira n'umuganga wawe ku bijyanye no gusesengura kanseri y'ibihaha niba wujuje ibipimo by'ibintu byinshi by'ibibazo. Ibiganiro bifite akamaro cyane niba uri hagati y'imyaka 50-80 ufite amateka akomeye yo kunywa itabi.

Muri rusange, gusesengura birasabwa niba uri umunywi w'itabi cyangwa warekeye kunywa itabi mu myaka 15 ishize kandi ufite amateka yo kunywa itabi ry'imyaka 20. Umwaka wo kunywa itabi bisobanura kunywa agapaki kamwe ku munsi mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe, bityo imyaka 20 yo kunywa itabi byaba ari agapaki kamwe ku munsi mu myaka 20, cyangwa utupaki tubiri ku munsi mu myaka 10.

Ugomba kandi kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera indwara nk'ibintu bikomeye byakubayeho mu kazi, amateka y'umuryango ya kanseri y'ibihaha, cyangwa imirasire y'igituza yabanje. N'iyo utujuje ibisabwa byo gupimwa, muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusuzuma ibyago byawe bwite.

Ntugategereze niba urimo guhura n'ibimenyetso nk'inkorora ihoraho, kuribwa mu gituza, guhumeka bigoranye, cyangwa gukorora amaraso. Ibi bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga hatitawe ku kuba wujuje ibisabwa byo gupimwa.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku gupimwa kanseri y'ibihaha

Q1: Ese gupimwa kanseri y'ibihaha bifasha kumenya ubwoko bwose bwa kanseri y'ibihaha?

Gupimwa kanseri y'ibihaha bifasha cyane kumenya ubwoko bwinshi bwa kanseri y'ibihaha, ariko ntibitunganye. Ibyuma bipima bikoresha imirasire mike ya CT bifasha cyane mu kumenya kanseri y'ibihaha idafite uturemangingo duto, bigizwe na 85% bya kanseri zose z'ibihaha.

Gupimwa bikora neza ku dufumbi dukomeye tugaragara nk'utubumbe cyangwa ibice ku mashusho. Kanseri zimwe na zimwe zikaze cyane zikwirakwira vuba cyangwa zigaragara nk'uburwayi aho kuba ibice bitandukanye bishobora kuba bigoye gufata gupimwa gusa.

Q2: Ese kureka itabi bigira ingaruka ku ngamba zo gupimwa kanseri y'ibihaha?

Yego, igihe warekeye itabi bigira ingaruka ku ngamba zo gupimwa, ariko ntabwo ari ako kanya. Amabwiriza y'ubu yo gupimwa asaba gukomeza gupimwa buri mwaka mu gihe cy'imyaka 15 umaze kureka itabi, ukurikije ko ukijuje ibindi bisabwa.

Niba warekeye itabi mu myaka irenga 15 ishize, muri rusange ntugihitamo ko ufite ibyago bihagije byo gupimwa buri gihe. Ariko, muganga wawe ashobora gukomeza kugusaba gupimwa bitewe n'izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera indwara cyangwa amateka yawe bwite y'ubuvuzi.

Q3: Ni kangahe gupimwa kanseri y'ibihaha bikwiye gusubirwamo?

Niba wujuje ibisabwa byo gupimwa kanseri y'ibihaha, bikorwa buri mwaka. Gupimwa buri mwaka bituma abaganga bakurikirana impinduka zose ziba mu bihaha byawe uko ibihe bigenda bishira kandi bakamenya ibibazo bishoboka hakiri kare.

Igihembwe cy'umwaka kigomba gushyira mu gaciro inyungu zo gukurikiranira hafi buri gihe hamwe n'intego yo kugabanya imirasire. Niba isesengura ryawe rya mbere ryerekana ikintu kigomba gukurikiranwa, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora isesengura ryo gukurikirana kenshi kugeza igihe anyuzwe ko nta kibazo.

Q4: Gupima kanseri y'ibihaha birinda kanseri y'ibihaha?

Gupima kanseri y'ibihaha ntibibuza kanseri y'ibihaha kwigaragaza, ariko bishobora kunoza cyane ibisubizo mugihe kanseri ivumbuwe hakiri kare mugihe ivurwa neza. Tekereza nk'uburyo bwo gutanga umuburo hakiri kare aho kuba uburyo bwo kuyirinda.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda kanseri y'ibihaha ni ukwirinda kunywa itabi cyangwa kureka niba urinywa ubu. Gupima bikora nk'urukuta rw'umutekano ku bantu basanzwe bafite ibyago byinshi kubera kunywa itabi cyangwa barinywaga.

Q5: Hariho imipaka y'imyaka yo gupima kanseri y'ibihaha?

Amabwiriza y'ubu asaba gupima kanseri y'ibihaha ku bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 50 na 80 bujuje ibindi bisabwa by'ibyago. Iyo myaka yerekana igihe ibyago bya kanseri y'ibihaha biba byinshi bihagije kugirango bikore isesengura mugihe ukiri muzima bihagije kugirango ugirire akamaro kuvurwa.

Abantu barengeje imyaka 80 baracyashobora kuba bakwiriye gupimwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane niba bafite ubuzima bwiza kandi bashobora kwihanganira kuvurwa niba kanseri ivumbuwe. Muganga wawe azatekereza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze muri rusange n'ubuzima bwitezwe mugihe atanga inama.