Icyo gikorwa cyo kwimura uruhara ni iki? Impamvu, Uburyo bwo gukora & Ibivamo

Kwimura uruhara ni uburyo bwo kubaga aho abaganga basimbuza uruhara rwawe rumwe cyangwa byombi rwarwaye, uruhara ruzima ruturutse ku muntu watanze urugingo. Ubu buvuzi burokorera ubuzima buba uburyo bwo gufata umwanzuro igihe uruhara rwawe rwangiritse cyane ku buryo izindi nshingano zitagishobora kugufasha guhumeka neza ku buryo ubaho neza.

Bitekereze nk'uko uha umubiri wawe intangiriro nshya ufite uruhara ruzima igihe urwawe rutagishobora gukora akazi karwo. Nubwo bisa nk'ibiremereye, kwimura uruhara byafashije ibihumbi by'abantu gusubira mu bikorwa bakunda no kumara igihe cy'agaciro n'umuryango.

Kwimura uruhara ni iki?

Kwimura uruhara bikubiyemo gukuraho uruhara rwawe rwangiritse cyangwa uruhara rwawe rwose ukoresheje kubaga, ukabisimbuza uruhara ruzima ruturutse ku muntu wapfuye kandi wahisemo gutanga urugingo. Uruhara rushya ruturuka ku batanga urugingo bafite uruhara ruzima kandi rwemewe n'umubiri wawe.

Hariho ubwoko butatu bw'ibanze bwo kwimura uruhara. Kwimura uruhara rumwe bisimbuza uruhara rumwe kandi bikora neza ku bibazo bimwe na bimwe nka pulmonary fibrosis. Kwimura uruhara rwombi bisimbuza uruhara rwombi kandi bikunze gukenerwa kubera indwara nka cystic fibrosis. Rimwe na rimwe, abaganga bakora kwimura umutima n'uruhara igihe ibice byombi bikeneye gusimburwa.

Umwanzuro w'ubwoko ukeneye biterwa n'ikibazo cyawe cyihariye n'uko kigira ingaruka ku guhumeka kwawe. Itsinda ryawe ryo kwimura uruhara rizasesengura neza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze kugira ngo rigusabe uburyo bwiza bwo kwita ku buzima bwawe.

Kuki kwimura uruhara bikorwa?

Kwimura uruhara byemezwa igihe indwara yawe y'uruhara yageze ku rwego rutuma utabona umwuka uhagije, nubwo wakoresha imiti myiza yose ihari. Ibi bikunze kubaho igihe uruhara rwawe rwangiritse cyane cyangwa rwangiritse ku buryo rutashobora kwaguka neza cyangwa guhanahana umwuka neza.

Indwara nyinshi zikomeye z'uruhara zishobora gutuma umuntu atekereza kwimura uruhara, kandi kuzisobanukirwa birashobora kugufasha kubona impamvu iyi miti iba ngombwa:

• Indwara y'umutima iziba imyuka (COPD), ituma guhumeka bigenda bigorana uko imyaka igenda yicuma
• Fibrosis y'ibihaha bya idiopatike, aho imitsi y'ibihaha ihinduka ikomeye kandi igasemburuka ku mpamvu zitazwi
• Cystic fibrosis, indwara ya genetike ituma ururenda rwinshi rwikunda mu bihaha
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, aho poroteyine ibura ikaba intandaro yo kwangirika kw'ibihaha
• Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso mu bihaha, ushyira igitutu giteje akaga ku miyoboro y'amaraso mu bihaha byawe
• Sarcoidosis, indwara y'uburwayi ishobora gusembura cyane imitsi y'ibihaha

Muganga wawe azagusaba kwimurwa gusa iyo amaze gushyira mu bikorwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Ibi bivuze ko wagerageje imiti, kuvurwa na ogisijeni, kuvugurura ibihaha, n'ubundi buryo bwose bwo kuvura bwo kurwanya indwara yawe bitagize icyo bitanga.

Ni iki gikorerwa kwimurwa ry'ibihaha?

Uburyo bwo kwimurwa kw'ibihaha mubisanzwe bufata amasaha 4 kugeza kuri 12, bitewe niba wakira igihaha kimwe cyangwa byombi. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazagushyira muri anesitezi rusange, bityo uzaba usinziriye rwose mu gihe cyose cyo kubagwa.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo kubagwa, bikozwe mu ntera zicungwa:

1. Umuvuzi wawe akora igikomere mu gituza cyawe kugirango agere ku bihaha byawe
2. Bongera witonze igihaha cyawe cyangiritse ku miyoboro y'amaraso n'imiyoboro yo guhumeka
3. Igihaha kirwaye kivanyweho n'igihaha cyatanzwe gishyirwa ahantu hamwe
4. Umuvuzi wawe ahuza igihaha gishya n'imiyoboro yawe y'amaraso n'umuyoboro nyamukuru wo guhumeka
5. Bagerageza imikoranire kugirango barebe ko amaraso atembera neza kandi umwuka ugenda neza
6. Igikomere gifungwa n'imishumi, hanyuma ujyanwa muri intensive care kugirango ukurikiranwe

Mugihe cyo kubagwa, ushobora guhuzwa na mashini y'umutima n'ibihaha ikora akazi k'umutima wawe n'ibihaha mugihe umuganga abaga. Ibi bituma ogisijeni itembera mu mubiri wawe kandi ikavana karubone dayoxide mu buryo bwizewe.

Itsinda ry’abaganga bakora ibijyanye no kubaga ririmo abaganga b’inzobere mu gushyira ibihaha mu bandi, abaganga b’ibijyanye no kubaga, n’abaganga b’indembe. Bakorera hamwe kugira ngo barebe ko buri ntambwe igenda neza kandi umubiri wawe ukabasha kwakira neza igihaha gishya.

Ni gute witegura kubagwa ibihaha?

Kwitegura kubagwa ibihaha bikubiyemo kwitegura mu buryo bw’umubiri no mu byiyumvo bishobora gufata amezi menshi. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga bazagufasha mu ntambwe zose kugira ngo urebe ko ufite ubuzima bwiza mbere yo kubagwa.

Uburyo bwo kwitegura burimo isuzuma ryinshi ry’ubuvuzi rikomeye:

• Ibizami by’amaraso byuzuye kugira ngo barebe ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n’imikorere y’ingingo
• Ibizami by’umutima nk’ibya echocardiograms kugira ngo barebe ko umutima wawe ushobora kwihanganira kubagwa
• CT scans na chest X-rays kugira ngo bamenye neza uko ibihaha byawe byangiritse
• Ibizami by’imikorere y’ibihaha kugira ngo bapime uburyo ibihaha byawe by’ubu bikora neza
• Isuzuma ryo mu mutwe kugira ngo bamenye ubushake bwawe bwo mu mutwe n’uburyo bwo kugushyigikira
• Isuzuma ry’amenyo kugira ngo bavure indwara zose zishobora gutuma gukira bigorana

Itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi rizareba kandi imiti yawe kandi rishobora kuyihindura mbere yo kubagwa. Imwe mu miti ishobora kubangamira uburyo bwo gushyira ibihaha mu bandi cyangwa ikagira ingaruka ku miti igabanya ubudahangarwa uzakenera nyuma.

Kwitegura mu buryo bw’umubiri akenshi bikubiyemo kuvugurura ibihaha kugira ngo imitsi yawe ikomeze kuba ikomeye uko bishoboka kose. Nubwo ibihaha byawe bitagikora neza, gukomeza gukora imyitozo mu rugero rwawe bifasha umubiri wawe kwitegura gukira imbere.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe byo gushyira ibihaha mu bandi?

Nyuma yo gushyira ibihaha mu bandi, itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizakurikirana ibipimo byinshi by’ingenzi kugira ngo bamenye uburyo ibihaha byawe bishya bikora neza. Ibi bipimo bifasha abaganga kumenya ibibazo byose hakiri kare no guhindura uburyo bwo kuvura uko bikwiye.

Ibizamini byo guhumeka bizagaragaza impinduka zigaragara ugereranije n'uko byari bimeze mbere yo guhindurirwa urugingo. Ibizamini byo gupima imikorere y'ibihaha bipima umwuka ushobora guhumeka no guhumeka, kandi iyi mibare isanzwe itera imbere cyane mu byumweru nyuma yo kubagwa neza.

Ibizamini by'amaraso biba igice gisanzwe cy'ubuzima bwawe nyuma yo guhindurirwa urugingo, bipima ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi:

• Urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe, rugomba kuba ruri hejuru cyane kurusha mbere yo kubagwa
• Urugero rw'imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa kugira ngo birinde kwangwa mugihe wirinda ingaruka ziterwa na yo
• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura, kuko ubudahangarwa bwawe buzaba bugabanyijwe nkana
• Imikorere y'impyiko n'umwijima, kuko imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri izi ngingo
• Gupima amaraso yuzuye kugira ngo hakurikiranwe ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti

Muganga wawe azanagira biopsies zisanzwe, cyane cyane mu mwaka wa mbere. Ibi bikubiyemo gufata uduce duto tw'ibihaha kugira ngo barebe niba byangwa, ibyo bibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bwawe bugerageza kurwanya igihaha gishya.

Imirasire ya X yo mu gituza na CT scans bifasha ikipe yawe kubona uko ibihaha byawe bisa kandi bikora. Ibihaha bisobanutse neza, byagutse neza ku ishusho y'ibizamini ni ibimenyetso byiza ko guhindurirwa urugingo rwawe bikora neza.

Ni gute wakomeza ubuzima bwawe bw'igihaha cyahinduriwe?

Kwita ku bihaha byawe bishya bisaba ubuzima bwose kwitanga ku miti n'imigenzo myiza. Intambwe y'ingenzi ni gufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa nk'uko byategetswe, kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza rwose.

Iyi miti irwanya kwangwa irinda ubudahangarwa bwawe kurwanya ibihaha byawe bishya. Kubura doze cyangwa kuyihagarika birashobora gutera kwangwa, bishobora guteza akaga. Muganga wawe azahindura iyi miti buri gihe bitewe n'urugero rw'amaraso yawe n'uko wumva umeze.

Kwirinda kwandura biba icy'ingenzi kuko ubudahangarwa bwawe bugabanyijwe nkana:

• Kogera intoki zawe kenshi kandi neza, cyane cyane mbere yo kurya cyangwa gukora ku maso yawe
• Irinda kwitabira imbaga nyinshi mu gihe cy'imvura n'umuyaga cyangwa wambare agapfukamunwa ahantu ha rusange
• Guma ku murongo w'inkingo, ariko irinda inkingo zifite ubuzima kuko zishobora guteza akaga
• Kora ibikorwa byiza byo kurinda ibiryo ukirinda ibiryo bibisi cyangwa bitetse nabi
• Guma ahantu uba hasukuye kandi wirinde guhura n'ibihumyo cyangwa umukungugu

Imyitozo ngororamubiri ya buri gihe ifasha mu kugumana imbaraga zawe n'imikorere y'ibihaha. Itsinda ryawe ry'abakozi b'ubuvuzi bazagutegurira gahunda y'imyitozo ngororamubiri iteje umutekano ituma ugenda wubaka ubushobozi bwawe utarengereje ibihaha byawe bishya.

Gukurikirana itsinda ryawe ry'abakozi b'ubuvuzi buri gihe ni ingenzi. Izo gahunda zituma abaganga bamenya ibibazo hakiri kare kandi bagahindura uburyo bwo kukwitaho uko bikwiye.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo nyuma yo guhindurirwa ibihaha?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo nyuma yo guhindurirwa ibihaha. Kubisobanukirwa bifasha wowe n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga gufata ingamba zidasanzwe zo kurengera ubuzima bwawe.

Imyaka igira uruhare mu gutsinda kw'ihindurwa ry'ibihaha, nubwo atari cyo kintu cyonyine. Abantu bakuze bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo, ariko abantu benshi barengeje imyaka 65 bafite ibihaha byahinduwe neza bafashwe neza kandi bakagenzurwa.

Ubuzima bwawe muri rusange mbere yo guhindurwa kw'ibihaha bugira uruhare runini ku musaruro wawe. Abantu bafite ibibazo byinshi by'ingingo, imirire mibi ikabije, cyangwa imbaraga nke z'imitsi bahura n'ibyago byinshi mu gihe cyo kubagwa no nyuma yaho.

Ibintu byihariye byongera ibyago bisaba kwitabwaho by'umwihariko birimo:

• Kubagwa mu gituza mbere byateje inkovu kandi bigatuma kubaga bigorana
• Indwara ya diyabete, ishobora gutuma gukira bitinda kandi ikongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara
• Indwara y'impyiko, kuko imiti imwe yo kwirinda kwangwa ishobora kongera kwangiza impyiko
• Umugongo woroshye, kuko imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa ishobora gucisha intege amagufa
• Amateka y'indwara ya kanseri, ishobora kugaruka bitewe n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanyije
• Kutagira ubufasha buhagije mu mibanire, kuko uzaba ukeneye ubufasha mu bikorwa bya buri munsi mu gihe cyo koroherwa

Ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe na bwo bugira uruhare ku gutsinda kwa transplant. Agahinda gakabije, umunabi, cyangwa gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kubangamira kunywa imiti no kwitabwaho, bigatuma habaho ibibazo.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, abantu benshi bafite ibyago baracyagira transplant zitsinda. Itsinda ryawe rya transplant rizakorana nawe kugira ngo rigabanye ibyo byago kandi riteze imbere amahirwe yawe yo kugira umusaruro mwiza.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora kuvuka nyuma yo gukorerwa transplant y'ibihaha?

Ibibazo bya transplant y'ibihaha bishobora kubaho ako kanya nyuma yo kubagwa cyangwa bikagaragara nyuma y'amezi cyangwa imyaka. Nubwo ibyo bishobora guteza impungenge, gusobanukirwa ibyo bishoboka bifasha kumenya ibimenyetso byo kwitondera no gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Ibibazo byo kubagwa ako kanya bishobora kuba kuva amaraso, kwandura ahantu habagiwe, cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza igihaha gishya n'imitsi yawe y'amaraso. Ibyo ni bikeya ariko bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse iyo bibaye.

Ibibazo bya kera bikunda kuba akenshi kandi bisaba imicungire ikomeza mu buzima bwawe bwose:

• Kwanga burundu, aho urwego rwawe rw’ubwirinzi rugenda rwangiza uruhara rushya uko imyaka ihita
• Ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara ziterwa n’imiti igabanya ubwirinzi
• Ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane kanseri y’uruhu
• Ibibazo by’impyiko biterwa no gukoresha imiti igabanya ubwirinzi igihe kirekire
• Indwara z’amagufa no kuvunika biterwa n’imiti ya steroid
• Umubyibuho ukabije n’indwara ya diyabete nk’ingaruka ziterwa n’imiti igabanya ubwirinzi

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome ni ubwoko bwihariye bwo kwanga burundu bugira ingaruka ku nzira nto z’umwuka mu muhaha wawe. Bishobora gutera ingorane zo guhumeka buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora gusaba impinduka mu miti yawe cyangwa izindi nshuro zo kuvurwa.

Ibyago byo kurwara lymphoma, ubwoko bwa kanseri y’amaraso, birazamuka ku bantu bahawe impyiko. Ibi bibaho kuko imiti ibuza kwangwa ituma umubiri wawe utabasha kurwanya neza selile za kanseri.

Nubwo hari ibyo byago, abantu benshi babaho ubuzima bwuzuye, bufite imbaraga mu myaka myinshi nyuma yo guhabwa impyiko. Kugenzura buri gihe no kuvura vuba ingorane bishobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka zabyo ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Kuki nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo guhabwa uruhara?

Ugomba guhamagara ikipe yawe yaguhaye uruhara ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso byose bishobora kugaragaza kwangwa cyangwa kwandura. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kwigaragaza vuba kandi bisaba isuzuma ryihutirwa n’imiti.

Hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye impinduka zose zo guhumeka, nk’ukwiyongera k’ubugufi bwo guhumeka, kugabanuka k’ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo, cyangwa gukenera umwuka mwiza kurusha uko byari bisanzwe. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya mbere byo kwangwa cyangwa kwandura.

Ibindi bimenyetso byo kwitondera bisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw’abaganga birimo:

• Uburwayi bwo hejuru ya 100.4°F (38°C), bishobora kwerekana indwara
• Inkorora nshya cyangwa ikomeza, cyane cyane niba uruka amaraso cyangwa ibimeze nk'amazi bifite ibara
• Urubavu rubabaza cyangwa urugufi rutagira icyo ruhinduka iyo uruhutse
• Ukubura mu maguru yawe, mu birenge, cyangwa mu nda
• Ubwiyongere bukomeye bw'ibiro mu minsi mike
• Umunaniro ukabije cyangwa intege nke zibangamira imirimo ya buri munsi

Impinduka mu miterere yawe yo mu mutwe, nko kuvurungana, impinduka zikomeye z'amarangamutima, cyangwa kugorwa no kwibanda, nabyo bishobora kwerekana ingorane zikomeye kandi zigomba gusuzumwa ako kanya.

Ntugategereze ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bikira byonyine. Kuvura hakiri kare ingorane bituma habaho ibisubizo byiza kandi bishobora gukumira ibibazo bito guhinduka ibikomeye.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no kwimura ibihaha

Q.1 Kwimura ibihaha bifitiye akamaro abarwayi ba COPD?

Yego, kwimura ibihaha bishobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura COPD ikomeye iyo izindi nshuti zitagikora. Abantu benshi barwaye COPD yo mu rwego rwa nyuma bahura n'impinduka zikomeye mu guhumeka no mu mibereho nyuma yo kwimurwa.

Icy'ingenzi ni igihe - kwimurwa bikora neza iyo COPD yawe ikomeye bihagije kugira ngo bigabanye cyane imirimo yawe ya buri munsi ariko mbere yuko ucika intege cyane ku buryo utabasha kubagwa. Muganga wawe azasuzuma imikorere y'ibihaha byawe, ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange kugira ngo amenye niba uri umukandida mwiza.

Q.2 Kwangwa buri gihe bisobanura kunanirwa kwimurwa?

Oya, kwangwa ntibisobanura buri gihe ko kwimurwa kwawe byananiranye. Kwangwa guhumeka, bibaho mu buryo butunguranye, akenshi bishobora kuvurwa neza n'imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bwawe mu buryo bukomeye.

Kwangwa k'igihe kirekire biragoye kuvura ariko ntibisobanura ko kwimurwa byananiranye ako kanya. Abantu benshi babaho imyaka myinshi bafite kwangwa k'igihe kirekire binyuze mu guhindura imiti yabo no gukurikirana imikorere y'ibihaha byabo neza.

Q.3 Kwimurwa ibihaha bikunze kumara igihe kingana iki?

Ubusanzwe, igihe umuntu amara amaze guhabwa urwungano rw'ibihaha kiba ari imyaka 5 kugeza kuri 7, nubwo abantu benshi babaho igihe kirekire cyane bafite ibihaha bishya. Bamwe mu babihabwa bishimira imikorere myiza mu myaka 10, 15, cyangwa ndetse na 20 nyuma yo kubihabwa.

Ibintu bitandukanye bigira uruhare mu gihe urwungano rw'ibihaha rwamara, harimo imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, uburyo ukurikiza imiti yawe, niba waba ufite ibibazo nk'ukwanga kw'urwungano rw'ibihaha ku buryo buhoraho.

Q.4 Ese ushobora guhabwa urwungano rw'ibihaha rwa kabiri?

Yego, birashoboka guhabwa urwungano rw'ibihaha rwa kabiri niba urwungano rwawe rwa mbere rwaragize ibibazo bitewe no kwangwa kw'urwungano rw'ibihaha ku buryo buhoraho cyangwa ibindi bibazo. Ariko, kongera kubihabwa biragoye kandi bifite ibyago byinshi kurusha urwungano rwa mbere.

Itsinda ry'abaganga bakora urwungano rw'ibihaha bazasuzuma neza niba ufite ubuzima bwiza buhagije kugira ngo ubazwe ubwa kabiri kandi niba ushobora kubibonamo inyungu. Icyemezo gishingiye ku buzima bwawe muri rusange, imyaka yawe, n'impamvu urwungano rwawe rwa mbere rwananiwe.

Q.5 Ni ibikorwa ki nshobora gukora nyuma yo guhabwa urwungano rw'ibihaha?

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa byinshi bakunda nyuma yo guhabwa urwungano rw'ibihaha, nubwo bizaba ngombwa ko wirinda ibintu bimwe na bimwe bifite ibyago byinshi. Koga, kugenda, gutwara igare, no gukora imyitozo yoroheje yo gukoresha ibiro muri rusange biratekanye kandi birashishikarizwa.

Bizaba ngombwa ko wirinda imikino ikorana n'abandi ishobora gukomeretsa igituza cyawe, kandi ibikorwa bigushyira mu bantu benshi cyangwa bishobora gutera indwara bigomba kwitabwaho. Itsinda ry'abaganga bakora urwungano rw'ibihaha rizatanga amabwiriza yihariye ashingiye ku kugaruka kwawe mu buzima busanzwe n'ibyo ukunda.