Ni iki cyitwa Mammogram? Impamvu, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Mammogram ni isuzuma rya X-ray ry'amabere yawe rifasha abaganga kumenya kanseri y'ibere n'izindi ndwara z'amabere hakiri kare. Iri suzuma ryihariye rishobora kugaragaza impinduka mu gice cy'ibere zitashobora kumvwa mugihe cyo gukora isuzuma ry'umubiri, bigatuma iba imwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi byo kubungabunga ubuzima bw'amabere.

Tekereza mammogram nk'isuzuma ry'umutekano w'amabere yawe. Kimwe n'uko ushobora gukoresha imodoka yawe isuzumwa buri gihe kugirango umenye ibibazo mbere yuko biba bikomeye, mammogram ifasha kumenya impinduka z'amabere mugihe zivurwa cyane.

Ni iki cyitwa mammogram?

Mammogram ikoresha X-ray ifite urugero ruto kugirango ikore amashusho arambuye yimbere y'amabere yawe. Mugihe cy'isuzuma, umuhanga ashyira ibere ryawe hagati y'amasahani abiri ya plastiki ashyira igice cy'umubiri hamwe kugirango gikwirakwizwe kimwe.

Iri shyirwa hamwe rishobora kumvikana ritaryoshye akanya gato, ariko ni ngombwa kugirango ubone amashusho asobanutse y'igice cyose cy'ibere. Uburyo bwose busanzwe bufata iminota nka 20, nubwo ishyirwa hamwe nyakuri rimara amasegonda make kuri buri shusho.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa mammogram ushobora guhura nazo. Mammogram isuzuma igenzura kanseri y'ibere kubagore badafite ibimenyetso, mugihe mammogram isuzuma ikora iperereza ku mpungenge zihariye nk'udushwi cyangwa kuribwa mu ibere.

Kuki mammogram ikorwa?

Mammogram zikoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango zisuzume kanseri y'ibere mbere yuko wowe cyangwa muganga wawe mumva udushwi. Kumenya hakiri kare binyuze muri mammography bishobora kumenya kanseri mugihe zikiri nto kandi zitari zarakwirakwiriye mumitsi ya lymph.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugusaba mammogram niba ubonye impinduka mu mabere yawe. Izi mpinduka zirimo udushwi, kuribwa mu ibere, umwanda w'ibere, cyangwa impinduka z'uruhu nk'iminkanyari cyangwa gukorana.

Imiryango myinshi y'ubuvuzi itanga inama ko abagore batangira gupimwa mammogram buri gihe hagati y'imyaka 40 na 50, bitewe n'ibintu bibashyira mu kaga. Abagore bafite ibintu bibashyira mu kaga kurusha abandi, nk'amateka y'umuryango y'indwara ya kanseri y'ibere cyangwa impinduka za genetike nka BRCA1 cyangwa BRCA2, bashobora gukenera gutangira gupimwa kare.

Ni iki gikorerwa muri mammogram?

Uburyo bwo gukora mammogram buroroshye kandi busanzwe bukorerwa mu bitaro cyangwa ahantu hakorerwa isesengura ry'amashusho. Uzahabwa amabwiriza yo kwambura kuva ku rukenyerero ukazamuka ukambara ikanzu y'ibitaro ifunguka imbere.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo gukora mammogram:

1. Umu teknologiste azagushyira imbere ya mashini ya mammografi
2. Ibere ryawe rizashyirwa ku gice cya plastike cyiza
3. Ikindi gice kizamanuka kivuye hejuru kigahata ibere ryawe kugirango ritatanye
4. Uzasabwa guhagarika umwuka wawe mumasegonda make mugihe X-ray ikorwa
5. Ubu buryo busubirwamo buva mu mpande zitandukanye, mubisanzwe amashusho abiri kuri buri bere
6. Uburyo bwose busanzwe bufata iminota 10-15

Uku guhatwa gushobora kuba kutaryoshye, ariko ni ngufi kandi ni ngombwa kugirango ubone amashusho asobanutse. Abagore bamwe babona ko bifasha gutegura mammogram yabo mu cyumweru gikurikira imihango yabo mugihe amabere atari matoto.

Ni gute witegura mammogram yawe?

Kwitegura mammogram yawe biroroshye kandi birashobora gufasha kugirango ubone amashusho meza ashoboka. Ikintu cyingenzi ni ukwirinda gukoresha deodorant, antiperspirant, ifu, cyangwa lotion ku mabere yawe cyangwa mu kwaha ku munsi wo gupimwa.

Ibi bicuruzwa bishobora kugaragara nk'utudomo twera ku mashusho ya mammogram, bishobora kwitiranywa n'ibitagenda neza. Niba wibagiwe ukoresha ibi bicuruzwa, ntugire impungenge - ikigo kizagira imiswenda yo kubisukura.

Tekereza kuri izi nama zitegura kugirango ubeho neza:

• Wambare imyenda igizwe n'ibice bibiri kugira ngo ukuremo igice cyo hejuru gusa
• Shyiraho gahunda yo gukora mammogram mu cyumweru gikurikira imihango yawe igihe amabere atari matose cyane
• Irinde kunywa cafeine mbere yo kujya mu kigo, kuko bishobora gutuma amabere arushaho kumera nabi
• Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose urimo gufata
• Bwira umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga niba ufite ibihangano byo mu mabere cyangwa warabazwe amabere

Niba utwite cyangwa utekereza ko ushobora kuba utwite, bimenyeshe muganga wawe mbere yo gushyiraho gahunda ya mammogram. Nubwo mammogram muri rusange zifite umutekano, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gutegereza cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima butandukanye.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo bya mammogram yawe?

Ibisubizo bya mammogram bikunze gutangazwa hakoreshejwe sisitemu yitwa BI-RADS, isobanura Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (Sisitemu yo gutangaza amakuru yerekeye ishusho y'amabere). Iyi sisitemu isanzwe ifasha abaganga kuvuga ibyavumbuwe mu buryo bweruye no kumenya uburyo bwo gukurikiranwa ushobora gukenera.

Ibisubizo byawe bizashyirwa mu byiciro ku gipimo kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 6, buri numero ikerekana ibyavumbuwe byihariye:

1. BI-RADS 0: Hakenewe andi masomo y'ishusho – ibi ntibisobanura ko hari ikitagenda neza, ahubwo bisobanura ko hakenewe andi mafoto
2. BI-RADS 1: Mammogram isanzwe – nta bimenyetso bya kanseri cyangwa ibindi byavumbuwe bifatika
3. BI-RADS 2: Ibivumbuwe bitari kanseri – impinduka zitari kanseri zitagomba gukurikiranwa
4. BI-RADS 3: Birashoboka ko bitari kanseri – amahirwe make yo kugira kanseri, gukurikiranwa mu gihe gito birasabwa
5. BI-RADS 4: Ibitandukanye bikekwa – biopsy igomba kwitabwaho
6. BI-RADS 5: Berekana cyane kanseri – biopsy irasabwa cyane
7. BI-RADS 6: Kanseri izwi – ikoreshwa kuri mammogram zakozwe nyuma yo kumenya kanseri

Ibisubizo byinshi bya mammogram bigwa mu byiciro bya 1 cyangwa 2, bisobanura ibyavumbuwe bisanzwe cyangwa bitari kanseri. Niba ibisubizo byawe byerekana icyiciro cya 3 cyangwa hejuru, muganga wawe azaganira nawe ku ntambwe zikurikira, zishobora kuba zirimo andi masomo y'ishusho cyangwa biopsy.

Ni iki gitera ibibazo bya mammogram bitari bisanzwe?

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira impinduka zigaragara kuri mammogram yawe, nubwo ari ngombwa kwibuka ko impinduka nyinshi zo mu ibere zitaba ari kanseri. Kumva ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bishobora gufasha wowe na muganga wawe gufata ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro ku buzima bw'amabere yawe.

Imyaka ni kimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago bya kanseri y'ibere no kubona ibisubizo bidasanzwe kuri mammogram. Uko ugenda usaza, ibyago byawe biriyongera, kanseri nyinshi z'ibere zikagaragara ku bagore bafite imyaka irenga 50.

Dore ibintu byongera ibyago by'ingenzi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo bya mammogram yawe:

• Amateka y'umuryango ya kanseri y'ibere cyangwa ya ovari, cyane cyane mu bafitanye isano rya hafi
• Amateka yawe bwite ya kanseri y'ibere cyangwa ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byiza byo mu ibere
• Impinduka za genetike nka BRCA1, BRCA2, cyangwa izindi kanseri ziterwa n'umurage
• Uduce tw'ibere twuzuye, dushobora gutuma mammogram igorana gusoma
• Ubuvuzi bwa radiasiyo bwakozwe mu gituza, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ubuto
• Gukoresha imiti yongera imisemburo igihe kirekire
• Kutagira abana cyangwa kubyara umwana wawe wa mbere nyuma y'imyaka 30
• Gutangira imihango hakiri kare (mbere y'imyaka 12) cyangwa gucura nyuma y'imyaka (nyuma y'imyaka 55)

Kugira kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzarwara kanseri y'ibere. Abagore benshi bafite ibintu byongera ibyago ntibigeze barwara iyo ndwara, mu gihe abandi badafite ibintu bizwi byongera ibyago barayirwara.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa na mammogram?

Muri rusange, mammogram ni uburyo bwizewe cyane bufite ibyago bike. Imirasire iva muri mammogram ni mike cyane - nka radiasiyo wakwakira mu gihe cy'ibyumweru birindwi by'ubuzima busanzwe bwa buri munsi.

“Ingaruka” isanzwe ni ukutamererwa neza mu gihe cyo gukanda ibere mu gihe cy'isuzuma. Ibi bitamererwa neza ni iby'igihe gito kandi ni ngombwa kugira ngo ubone amashusho asobanutse y'uduce tw'ibere ryawe.

Dore ingaruka zitabaho kenshi n'ibyo ugomba kwitaho:

• Uburibwe bw'igihe gito mu ibere cyangwa gukomereka biturutse ku gukandamiza
• Ibisubizo by'ibinyoma bishobora gutera impungenge no gutuma hakorwa ibizamini byo gukurikirana bitari ngombwa
• Ibisubizo by'ibinyoma bishobora kunanirana kumenya kanseri zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane ku bagore bafite imitsi y'amabere yuzuye
• Urugero rw'imirasire, nubwo ibyago ari bito cyane
• Kugaruka kugira ngo hakorwe ishusho y'inyongera, ibyo bikaba bibaho mu byegeranyo bigera kuri 10% bya mammogram

Inyungu za mammografi ziruta cyane ibyo byago bito ku bagore benshi. Niba ufite impungenge ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose cya mammografi, biganireho n'umuganga wawe.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga ku bijyanye n'ibisubizo bya mammogram?

Ibisubizo byawe bya mammogram bizoherezwa kwa muganga wawe, uzakuvugisha akubwire ibyavuyemo. Ibikorwa byinshi bisabwa kukwoherereza icyegeranyo cy'ibisubizo byawe mu minsi 30, nubwo benshi batanga ibisubizo mbere y'igihe.

Ugomba kuvugisha umuganga wawe niba utumva ibisubizo byawe mu byumweru bibiri nyuma ya mammogram yawe. Ntukagire ngo kutumva amakuru ni amakuru meza – ni ngombwa gukurikirana ibizamini byose by'ubuvuzi.

Aha hari ibihe byihariye ugomba kuvugisha umuganga wawe:

• Nturabona ibisubizo byawe mu byumweru bibiri
• Ufite ibibazo ku bisubizo byawe bitasobanuwe neza
• Ibisubizo byawe byerekana ko ukeneye ishusho y'inyongera cyangwa gukurikiranwa
• Umenye impinduka nshya mu ibere nyuma ya mammogram yawe
• Ugeze igihe cyo gukora mammogram yawe ikurikira

Wibuke ko guhamagarwa kugira ngo hakorwe amashusho y'inyongera bisanzwe kandi ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri. Umuganga wawe arahari kugira ngo akuyobore muri urwo rugendo kandi asubize ibibazo byose ushobora kugira.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye na mammogram

Q1: Ese gupima mammogram ni byiza mu kumenya kanseri y'ibere?

Yego, gupima mammogram bifasha cyane mu kumenya kanseri y'ibere hakiri kare. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko gupima mammogram buri gihe bishobora kugabanya impfu ziterwa na kanseri y'ibere ku kigereranyo cya 20-40% ku bagore bafite imyaka irenga 40.

Mammogram ishobora kumenya kanseri y'ibere mbere y'imyaka ibiri mbere yuko yumvikana mugihe cyo gukora isuzuma ry'umubiri. Ibi byo kumenya kare akenshi bisobanura ibibyimba bito bitarageze mu nsinga z'amazi, bigatuma imiti ivura neza kandi umuntu akabaho igihe kirekire.

Q2: Ese imitsi y'ibere yuzuye ifite ingaruka ku ngaruka za mammogram?

Yego, imitsi y'ibere yuzuye irashobora gutuma mammogram bigoye gusoma neza. Imitsi yuzuye igaragara yera kuri mammogram, kimwe n'uko ibibyimba bigaragara, rimwe na rimwe bishobora guhisha kanseri cyangwa bigateza impanuka.

Niba ufite amabere yuzuye, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba uburyo bwo gupima bwongereweho nka ultrasound y'ibere cyangwa MRI hamwe na mammogram yawe isanzwe. Abagore bagera kuri 40% bafite imitsi y'ibere yuzuye, rero ntabwo uri wenyine niba ibi bikureba.

Q3: Nshobora gupimwa mammogram inshuro zingahe?

Abagore benshi bagomba gutangira gupimwa mammogram buri mwaka hagati y'imyaka 40-50, bitewe n'ibintu bibatera indwara n'inama z'abaganga babo. Abagore bafite ibyago byinshi bashobora gukenera gutangira kare kandi bagapimwa kenshi.

Igihe nyacyo gishobora gutandukana bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bwite bumeze, amateka y'umuryango wawe, n'ibintu bigutera indwara. Umuganga wawe ashobora gufasha kumenya gahunda nziza yo gupima kubera ibibazo byawe byihariye.

Q4: Nshobora gupimwa mammogram niba mfite ibikoresho byo mu mabere?

Yego, urashobora kandi ugomba gupimwa mammogram niba ufite ibikoresho byo mu mabere. Ariko, iyi nzira isaba uburyo bwihariye kandi bishobora gutwara igihe kirekire kuruta mammogram isanzwe.

Umuhanga azakenera gufata amashusho yinyongera kugirango arebe hirya no hino y'ibikoresho. Wibuke kumenyesha ikigo mugihe utegura gahunda yawe ko ufite ibikoresho, kugirango bashobore gutegura uko bikwiye kandi bamenye neza ko umuhamya afite uburambe mu gushushanya ibikoresho.

Q5: Ni iki kibaho niba mamogramu yanjye yerekanye ikidasanzwe?

Niba mamogramu yawe yerekanye ikidasanzwe, ntibisobanura ko uhuye na kanseri. Ibidasanzwe byinshi bigaragara ko ari impinduka nziza (zitagira kanseri) nk'ibibyimba, fibroadenomas, cyangwa igitambaro.

Ugomba gukora ibizamini byinshi nk'uko mamografi ya diagnostic, ultrasound y'ibere, cyangwa biopsy kugirango ubone amakuru menshi. Abagore benshi bahamagariwe gukora ibizamini byinshi ntibafite kanseri, bityo gerageza kutagira ubwoba mugihe utegereje amakuru menshi.