Ni iki cyitwa ishusho y’ibere rishingiye ku binyabutabire? Intego, Uburyo bwo gukora & Ibivamo

Ishusho y’ibere rishingiye ku binyabutabire (MBI) ni isesengura ryihariye ry’imiti ikoreshwa mu gukora isesengura rishobora kugaragaza kanseri y’ibere mu kugaragaza ahantu selile za kanseri zikura cyane. Ubu buryo bwo gukora ishusho bukorana ubushishozi bukoresha umubare muto w’ikintu gifite imirasire kigenda ku selile za kanseri, zikagaragara kuri kamera zidasanzwe zishobora kugaragaza ibibazo ibizamini bisanzwe by’ibere bishobora kutagaragaza.

Tekereza MBI nk'iyo uhaye muganga wawe urundi rugero rwo kureberamo. Mugihe ibizamini by’ibere bigaragaza imiterere y’igice cy’ibere ryawe, MBI yerekana ibikorwa bibera muri selile zawe. Ibi bituma bifasha cyane abagore bafite igice cy’ibere gifatanye, aho kanseri rimwe na rimwe ishobora kwihisha inyuma y’igice gisanzwe ku bizamini bisanzwe by’ibere.

Ni iki cyitwa ishusho y’ibere rishingiye ku binyabutabire?

Ishusho y’ibere rishingiye ku binyabutabire ni isesengura ry’imiti ikoreshwa mu gukora isesengura rikoresha ikintu gifite imirasire kugirango ribone selile za kanseri y’ibere. Iki kintu, cyitwa technetium-99m sestamibi, giterwa mu kuboko kwawe maze kigakwira mu maraso yawe kigana ahantu selile zigabanyuka vuba, akenshi bikerekana kanseri.

Iki kizamini gikora kuko selile za kanseri akenshi zifata iki kintu kurusha igice gisanzwe cy’ibere. Kamera zidasanzwe za gamma zifata amashusho y’iyi mirimo y’iki kintu, zigakora amashusho arambuye yerekana muganga wawe neza ahantu hose ibikorwa bishobora gukekwa bishobora kuba biri kubera. Ubu buryo ntibubabaza na gato kandi ntibusaba gukanda igice cy’ibere ryawe.

MBI rimwe na rimwe yitwa ishusho ya gamma yihariye y’ibere (BSGI), nubwo ikoranabuhanga n’uburyo bikora kimwe. Aya mazina yombi yerekeza kuri ubu buryo bworoshye, bwiza bwo gupima kanseri y’ibere yuzuzanya n’ibizamini bisanzwe by’ibere.

Kuki ishusho y’ibere rishingiye ku binyabutabire ikorwa?

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukoresha MBI igihe ufite imitsi yo mu ibere yuzuye cyane bituma mammogram zitorohera gusoma neza. Imitsi yuzuye igaragara yera kuri mammogram, kimwe na kanseri, bivuze ko utubuto duto twa kanseri rimwe na rimwe dushobora kurengana muri ibyo bihe.

MBI ifitiye akamaro kanini abagore bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ariko batujuje ibisabwa byo gukoresha MRI. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo abagore bafite amateka y'umuryango ya kanseri y'ibere, ibizamini by'ibere byabanje byerekana impinduka zifite ibyago byinshi, cyangwa ibintu bya genetike byongera ibyago byabo bya kanseri.

Iki kizamini gikoreshwa kandi iyo abaganga bakeneye kumenya neza ahantu hashidikanywa hasanzwe kuri mammogram cyangwa ibizamini by'umubiri. Rimwe na rimwe MBI ishobora gufasha kumenya niba ahantu hateye impungenge ari kanseri cyangwa imitsi yuzuye gusa, bikaba bishobora kukurokora ibizamini bitari ngombwa.

Byongeye kandi, MBI ishobora gufasha gukurikirana uko imiti ivura kanseri y'ibere ikora neza. Uburyo umuti winjira mu mubiri bushobora kwerekana niba utubuto twa kanseri twitabira imiti cyangwa izindi miti, bigaha ikipe yawe y'abaganga amakuru y'agaciro ku iterambere ryawe.

Ni iki gikorerwa mu isuzuma ry'amashusho y'ibere rishingiye ku molekile?

Uburyo bwa MBI butangirana no guterwa urushinge ruto rw'umuti wa radiyoactive mu urugingo rwawe rw'ukuboko. Uru rushinge rumeze nk'uko byagenda iyo bafata amaraso, ukumva gusa urushinge ruto. Uwo muti ufata iminota 5 kugeza kuri 10 kugira ngo utemberere mu mubiri wawe ugere mu mitsi yo mu ibere ryawe.

Iyo uwo muti umaze gufata umwanya wo gukwirakwira, uzashyirwa neza mu ntebe iruhande rwa kamera ya gamma yihariye. Kamera isa nk'imashini ya mammografi, ariko yateguwe kugira ngo ibe yoroshye cyane kuko nta gushyiraho umuvuduko bikenewe.

Mugihe cyo gufata amashusho, uzakenera kuguma utuje mugihe kamera ifata amafoto ku mpande zitandukanye. Uburyo bwose bwo gufata amashusho busanzwe bufata iminota 30 kugeza kuri 40, buri shusho rimara iminota 8 kugeza kuri 10. Urashobora guhumeka bisanzwe mugihe cyose cyo gukora iki kizamini.

Izo kamera zizafata amashusho y'amabere yombi, kabone n'iyo irimwe gusa arimo gukorwaho iperereza. Ibi bifasha muganga wawe kugereranya impande zombi kandi bikemeza ko nta kintu na kimwe gicikanwa. Iyi gahunda yose, kuva guterwa urushinge kugeza irangiye, isanzwe ifata isaha imwe.

Uburyo bwo kwitegura ishusho yawe y'amabere ya molekile?

Kwitegura MBI biroroshye kandi bisaba impinduka nkeya ku buryo usanzwe ukora. Urashobora kurya no kunywa bisanzwe mbere y'ikizamini, kandi ntugomba guhagarika gufata imiti yawe isanzwe keretse niba wabisabwe na muganga wawe.

Uzashaka kwambara imyenda yoroshye, igizwe n'ibice bibiri kuko uzagomba kwambura kuva ku rukenyerero kuzamura mu gihe cy'iki gikorwa. Ishati cyangwa blouse ifunguka imbere bituma guhindura byoroha kurusha pullover. Ikigo gishinzwe gushushanya kizaguha ikanzu y'ibitaro ifunguka imbere.

Ni ngombwa kumenyesha ikipe yawe y'ubuzima niba utwite cyangwa wonka, kuko icyuma cya radioactive gishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana wawe. Niba wonka, birashoboka ko ugomba kuvoma no kumenagura amata y'ibere umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma y'iki gikorwa.

Kura imitako iyo ari yo yose, cyane cyane imikufi cyangwa amaherena, mbere y'ikizamini kuko icyuma gishobora kubangamira ishusho. Urashobora kandi kwirinda gukoresha deodorant, ifu, cyangwa lotion ku gice cy'igituza cyawe ku munsi w'ikizamini, kuko ibi bicuruzwa rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugaragara ku mashusho.

Uburyo bwo gusoma ibisubizo byawe by'ishusho y'amabere ya molekile?

Ibisubizo byawe bya MBI bizerekana niba icyuma cya radioactive cyarakusanyirijwe mu duce twose tw'umubiri wawe w'amabere. Ibisubizo bisanzwe bisobanura ko icyuma cyagabanyijwe kimwe mu mubiri wawe w'amabere nta duce twongereweho.

Niba hari ahantu icyuma cyibanze cyane, ibi bizagaragara nka

Umu radiologiste wawe azasesengura neza aya mashusho hamwe na mammogram yawe n'izindi shusho waba waragize. Bazareba ubunini, imiterere, n'imbaraga z'ahantu hose hatari ibisanzwe kugira ngo bamenye niba hakenerwa izindi nyigo.

Ibisubizo bikunze kuboneka mu minsi mike, kandi muganga wawe azabiganiraho nawe mu rwego rwo kureba ubuzima bwose bw'ibere ryawe. Niba hari ahantu hakenerwa isuzuma ryimbitse, muganga wawe azasobanura intambwe zikurikira, zishobora kuba zirimo gukoresha izindi shusho cyangwa kubaga.

Ibyo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ishusho ya molekile y'ibere?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira uruhare mu buryo MBI ikora neza mu kumenya kanseri y'ibere mu gihe cyawe. Imitsi y'ibere yuzuye rwose ituma MBI ikora neza kurusha mammogram, kuko uburyo bwa nuclear medicine butabangamirwa n'ubwinshi bw'imitsi nk'uko X-ray zibigenza.

Ubunini bwa za tumor zishobora kuba zirimo bifite uruhare mu mikorere yo kumenya. MBI ikora neza cyane mu gushaka kanseri zingana na santimetero 1 cyangwa zikomeye, ariko tumor nto cyane zirashobora kunanirwa kumenyekana. Ibi nibyo bituma MBI ikora neza nk'igice cy'uburyo bwo gupima bwuzuye kuruta uko ari isuzuma ryonyine.

Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku kwakira kwa tracer. Niba ufata imiti y'umutima, cyane cyane iyo mu muryango wa calcium channel blocker, bimenyeshe muganga wawe kuko bishobora kugira uruhare mu buryo tracer ikwirakwira mu mubiri wawe.

Amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi bw'ubu ashobora no kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo. Niba waragize kubagwa mu ibere, kubagwa, cyangwa radiyo mu mezi make ashize, izi nzira zishobora gutera umuvumo ushobora kugira ingaruka ku kwakira kwa tracer kandi bishobora gutera ibisubizo by'ibinyoma.

Ni izihe ngaruka z'ishusho ya molekile y'ibere?

Uburyo bwo gukoresha radiyo muri MBI bungana n'ibyo wakwakira mu isuzuma rya CT ry'igituza cyawe. Nubwo iyi ari radiyo nyinshi kurusha mammogram, iracyafatwa nk'urugero ruto kandi muri rusange ni umutekano ku bagore benshi iyo bikoreshejwe neza.

Umuti w'imirasire ukoreshwa muri MBI ufite igihe gito cyane cyo gushiramo imbaraga, bivuze ko usenyuka vuba mu mubiri wawe. Imirasire myinshi izaba yarashize mu masaha 24, kandi uzakuraho uwo muti unyuze mu mikorere isanzwe y'impyiko zawe.

Kugira ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwo kwanga umuti ni gake cyane ariko birashoboka. Ahantu umuti watewe hashobora kugira ibibazo bito cyangwa kubabara, nk'uko wenda wabyumva nyuma yo gukurwaho amaraso cyangwa guterwa urushinge. Ibibazo bikomeye biterwa n'iyo nzira ubwayo ntibyumvikana.

Abagore bamwe bahangayikishwa n'uko uwo muti w'imirasire wagira ingaruka ku bo mu muryango wabo, ariko urugero rw'imirasire ni ruto cyane ku buryo nta ngamba zidasanzwe zikenewe ku bo mu muryango, inyamaswa, cyangwa abo mukorana nyuma yo gupimwa.

Ni ryari nkwiriye gutekereza ku ishusho y'ibere rishingiye ku molekile?

Ushobora kuba umuntu ukwiriye MBI niba ufite urugingo rw'ibere ruzitanye kandi ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere. Ibi bikubiyemo abagore bafite amateka akomeye mu muryango y'indwara ya kanseri y'ibere cyangwa y'intara, cyane cyane niba ibizamini bya genetike byagaragaje ko ufite impinduka mu gene nka BRCA1 cyangwa BRCA2.

Abagore bagiyeho ibizamini by'ibere byerekana impinduka zifite ibyago byinshi, nk'uko byagaragajwe na hyperplasia ya ductal idasanzwe cyangwa carcinoma ya lobular in situ, bashobora kandi kungukira mu gupimwa kwa MBI. Muganga wawe ashobora kubikugiraho inama niba ufite ibintu byinshi by'ibyago bishyira ibyago byawe byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere hejuru y'ikigereranyo.

Niba waragize ibintu biteye impungenge ku ishusho ya mammogram ikeneye isuzuma ryisumbuyeho, MBI ishobora gutanga andi makuru yo gufasha muganga wawe kumenya niba biopsy ikenewe. Ibi bishobora gufasha cyane mu kwirinda inzira zitari ngombwa mugihe cyose hatabayeho ikintu cy'ingenzi cyasibwa.

Ariko, MBI ntisabwa gupima buri gihe ku bagore bafite ibyago bisanzwe. Imirasire yiyongera n'ikiguzi bituma bikwiriye cyane ku bagore bafite ibintu by'ibyago byihariye cyangwa ibibazo by'ubuvuzi bikeneye ubushobozi bwo kumenya bwongerewe.

Uko ishusho ya molekile y'ibere ihwanye n'izindi igerageza?

Ugereranije na mammography, MBI irusha cyane kumenya kanseri mu gice cy'ibere gifite ubucucike bwinshi. N'ubwo mammograms ishobora kurengana kanseri zigera kuri 50% mu gice gifite ubucucike bwinshi, MBI ikomeza gukora neza hatitawe ku bucucike bw'ibere.

MRI akenshi ifatwa nk'urwego rwa zahabu rwo gupima kanseri y'ibere ifite ibyago byinshi, ariko MBI itanga inyungu nyinshi. Biroroshye ku bagore benshi kuko ntibisaba kuryama ahantu hato mu gihe cy'iminota 30-45, kandi muri rusange bihendutse kurusha MRI y'ibere.

Bitandukanye na MRI, MBI ntisaba guterwa urushinge rwa IV rwa contrast abantu bamwe batabasha kwihanganira kubera ibibazo by'impyiko cyangwa allergie. Umuti wa radioactif ukoreshwa muri MBI ntugira allergie kandi ukorwa mu buryo butandukanye n'urushinge rwa MRI.

Ultrasound ni igikoresho gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma igice cy'ibere, ariko akenshi gikoreshwa mu gushakisha ahantu hihariye aho gukoreshwa mu gupima. MBI itanga ishusho yuzuye y'amabere yombi kandi ishobora kumenya kanseri zitagaragara kuri ultrasound.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku ishusho ya molekile y'ibere

Q1: Ese ishusho ya molekile y'ibere irababaza?

Oya, MBI muri rusange ntiribabaza. Ikintu gishobora kukubabaza ni ukubabara gato guterwa n'urushinge igihe umuti uterwa, kimwe no kuvana amaraso. Bitandukanye na mammograms, ntihabaho gukandamiza igice cy'ibere ryawe mugihe cyo gushushanya.

Q2: Ni kangahe nkwiriye gukora ishusho ya molekile y'ibere?

Ubukana bushingiye ku mpamvu z'ibyago byawe bwite n'inama z'abaganga bawe. Abagore benshi bungukira kuri MBI bayikora buri mwaka, kimwe no gupima mammogram. Ariko, muganga wawe azagena intera ikwiriye ashingiye ku miterere yawe n'ubwoko bw'ibyago.

Q3: Nshobora kwitwara mu rugo nyuma yo gukora ishusho ya molekile y'ibere?

Yego, urashobora kwitwara mu rugo nyuma ya MBI. Iyi nzira ntishobora gukoresha imiti cyangwa imiti iyo ari yo yose yagutera kutabasha gutwara. Urakwiye kumva umeze neza nyuma yuko ikizamini kirangiye.

Q4: Ese ubwishingizi buzishyura ishusho ya molekuleri y'ibere?

Ubwishingizi bwa MBI butandukanye bitewe na gahunda yawe yihariye n'ubuzima bwawe. Abishingizi benshi bishyura ikizamini iyo ari ngombwa mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi ku barwayi bafite ibyago byinshi cyangwa kugirango basuzume ibintu bishidikanywaho. Ganira n'umwishingizi wawe n'ikipe y'ubuzima mbere yo gutegura.

Q5: Ni iki kibaho niba ishusho yanjye ya molekuleri y'ibere yerekana ahantu hatari ibisanzwe?

Niba MBI yerekana ahantu hakwiye kwitabwaho, muganga wawe azasaba ibindi bizamini kugirango hamenyekane niba ari kanseri cyangwa indwara itari mbi. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo ultrasound yagenewe, MRI, cyangwa biopsy y'imitsi. Wibuke ko ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe kuri MBI bigaragara ko bitari bibi, bityo gerageza kutagira impungenge mugihe utegereje ibisubizo byo gukurikirana.