Ni iki Nephrectomy? Impamvu, Uburyo & Gukira

Nephrectomy ni ugukuraho mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi impyiko imwe cyangwa zombi. Iyi nzira iba ngombwa iyo impyiko yangiritse cyane, irwaye, cyangwa iteye akaga ku buzima kadashobora gucungwa n'izindi nshuti. Nubwo gutekereza ku gukuraho impyiko bishobora kumvikana bikabije, abantu benshi babaho ubuzima bwuzuye, bwiza bafite impyiko imwe, kandi uburyo bwo kubaga bwa none bwagize iyi nzira itekanye kandi ifite akamaro kurusha mbere.

Ni iki nephrectomy?

Nephrectomy ni uburyo bwo kubaga aho abaganga bakuraho byose cyangwa igice cy'impyiko mu mubiri wawe. Umuganga wawe agira iyi nama iyo impyiko yangiritse cyane ku buryo itagishoboye gukora neza cyangwa iyo kuyisiga mu mwanya wayo byangiza ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa nephrectomy, buri kimwe cyateguwe kugirango gihure n'ibikenewe byawe by'ubuvuzi. Nephrectomy yigice ikuraho gusa igice cyarwaye cy'impyiko, ikarinda igice cyinshi cy'umubiri muzima gishoboka. Nephrectomy yoroshye ikuraho impyiko yose, mugihe nephrectomy ikaze ikuraho impyiko hamwe n'igice gikikije, harimo glande ya adrenal na lymph nodes zegeranye.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe rwose ufite impyiko imwe nziza. Impyiko yawe isigaye izagenda ifata akazi k'impyiko zombi, nubwo iyi nzira ifata igihe kandi umubiri wawe ukeneye ubufasha mugihe cyo guhinduka.

Kuki nephrectomy ikorwa?

Abaganga bagira inama ya nephrectomy iyo gukomeza impyiko byateza ibibazo byinshi kuruta kuyikuraho. Iyi myanzuro ntabwo ifatwa byoroshye, kandi ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi izabanza gushakisha ubundi buryo bwose bwo kuvura.

Impamvu zisanzwe za nephrectomy zirimo kanseri y'impyiko, kwangirika gukabije kw'impyiko biturutse ku mvune, n'indwara y'impyiko idakira yateye imbere irenze kuvurwa. Rimwe na rimwe, abantu bahitamo gutanga impyiko kugirango bafashe undi muntu, ibyo bita living donor nephrectomy.

Reka turebe indwara zihariye zishobora gutuma bakora iki gikorwa:

• Ubukana bwa kanseri y'impyiko itarageze mu zindi ngingo
• Amabuye akomeye y'impyiko akunda guhagarika urujya n'uruza rw'inkari
• Indwara y'impyiko ya polycystic itera ububabare n'ingorane
• Impyiko yangiritse biturutse ku munanwa mwinshi cyangwa diyabete
• Udukoko tw'impyiko dukaze tutitabira imiti
• Impyiko yakomeretse biturutse ku mpanuka cyangwa ihungabana
• Impyiko idakora neza yongera ibyago byo kwandura

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, nephrectomy ishobora gukenerwa kubera indwara zishingiye ku mikorere y'uturemangingo nk'umuvumo wa Wilms ku bana cyangwa ubumuga bukomeye bwo kuvuka bugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'impyiko. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza uko umeze kandi aganire impamvu nephrectomy ari yo nzira nziza yo kugufasha.

Ni iki gikorwa cya nephrectomy?

Gikorwa cya nephrectomy gikunze gufata amasaha 2 kugeza kuri 4, bitewe n'uburyo urubanza rwawe rugoye. Umuganga ubaga azahitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kubaga bushingiye ku ndwara yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'impamvu yo gukora icyo gikorwa.

Nephrectomies nyinshi uyu munsi zikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butagira ingaruka nyinshi bita kubaga kwa laparoscopic. Umuganga ubaga akora ibice bito bito mu nda yawe akoresheje kamera ntoya n'ibikoresho byihariye kugirango akureho impyiko. Ubu buryo butera ububabare buke, ibikomere bito, no gukira vuba ugereranije no kubaga gakondo.

Mugihe cyo gukora icyo gikorwa, uzaba uri munsi ya anesthesia rusange, bityo ntuzumva ikintu icyo aricyo cyose. Umuganga ubaga azatandukanya neza impyiko n'imitsi y'amaraso na ureter (urugero rutwara inkari mu mpyiko yawe) mbere yo kuyikuraho. Itsinda ry'abaganga ribaga rikoresha ibimenyetso byawe by'ingenzi muri uwo murimo wose.

Mu bindi bihe, umuganga ubaga ashobora gukenera gukoresha kubaga gufunguye, bikubiyemo gukata kure. Ubu buryo rimwe na rimwe bukenerwa ku nkorora nini cyane, inyama zifite ibibazo bikomeye byavuye mu kubagwa kwabanje, cyangwa indwara zikomeye zituma kubaga hakoreshejwe imashini biba bibi cyane.

Ni gute witegura kubagwa uruhara?

Kwitegura kubagwa uruhara bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi zingenzi zifasha kugaragaza umusaruro mwiza. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagufasha mu ntambwe zose, ariko kumenya icyo witegura bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere kandi witeguye.

Imyiteguro yawe izatangira mu byumweru mbere yo kubagwa hamwe n'ibizamini bitandukanye n'isuzuma ry'ubuvuzi. Ibi bizamini bifasha umuganga ubaga gusobanukirwa ubuzima bwawe muri rusange no gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo gukora uburyo bwawe.

Ibi nibyo ushobora kwitega mugihe cyo kwitegura:

• Ibizamini by'amaraso kugirango barebe imikorere y'uruhara n'ubuzima muri rusange
• Isuzuma ryo gushushanya nka CT scans cyangwa MRIs kugirango berekane imiterere yawe
• Ibizamini by'umutima n'ibihaha kugirango barebe ko witeguye kubagwa
• Guhererekanya amakuru n'umuganga wawe w'ibijyanye no kubabara kugirango muganire kubijyanye no kugabanya ububabare
• Guhindura imiti, cyane cyane imiti igabanya amaraso
• Ibiribwa bigabanywa bitangira mu ijoro ryo mbere yo kubagwa
• Gutegura uburyo bwo kwitabwaho nyuma yo kubagwa no gutwara

Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye kurya, kunywa, no gufata imiti mbere yo kubagwa. Gukurikiza aya mabwiriza neza bifasha kwirinda ingorane kandi bigatuma kubagwa kwawe kugenda nkuko byateguwe.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe byo kubagwa uruhara?

Gusobanukirwa ibisubizo byawe byo kubagwa uruhara bikubiyemo kureba ibyavuye mu kubagwa ako kanya n'ingaruka zirambye ku buzima bwawe. Umuganga ubaga azasobanura icyo basanze mugihe cyo gukora uburyo kandi icyo bivuze ku hazaza hawe.

Niba nephrectomy yawe yakozwe kugira ngo ivure kanseri, itsinda ry’abaganga bakubaze bazasuzuma urugingo rw’umwijima rwavanyweho bakoresheje mikorosikopi. Iri suzuma, ryitwa raporo ya patoloji, ritanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku bwoko n’icyiciro cya kanseri, ibi bikaba bifasha kumenya niba ukeneye izindi mvura.

Raporo ya patoloji akenshi ikubiyemo amakuru yerekeye ubunini bwa tumor, urwego (uko selile za kanseri zisa nkaho zikaze), niba kanseri yarakwiriye mu bindi bice byegereyeho. Muganga wawe azasobanura ibyo byavuyeho mu magambo yoroshye kandi aganire icyo bisobanuye ku byerekeye uko urugendo rwawe ruzagenda n’umugambi wo kuvurwa.

Ku bijyanye na nephrectomies zitari iza kanseri, icyibanze cyimurirwa ku buryo umwijima wawe usigaye ukora neza n’imikorere yawe muri rusange. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizakurikirana imikorere y’umwijima wawe binyuze mu bipimo by’amaraso bisanzwe kandi rirebe ko umubiri wawe ukora neza ufitanye umwijima umwe.

Ni gute wakongera imbaraga nyuma ya nephrectomy?

Gukira nyuma ya nephrectomy ni inzira itinda bigasaba kwihangana no gukurikiza ubuyobozi bw’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga. Abantu benshi bashobora kwitega gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 4 kugeza kuri 6, nubwo buri wese akira ku buryo bwe.

Gukira kwawe byihuse bizibanda ku kugenzura ububabare, kwirinda ingorane, no korohereza umubiri wawe gukira. Ushobora kumara mu bitaro iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 3 nyuma yo kubagwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa laparoscopic, cyangwa iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 5 nyuma yo kubagwa mu buryo bugaragara.

Dore ibintu byingenzi byo gukira neza:

• Gufata imiti yanditswe na muganga nkuko byategetswe
• Kugenda wongera imyitozo ngororamubiri utangira n’urugendo rugufi
• Kwimuka ibintu biremereye mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 4 kugeza kuri 6
• Kugumisha ibikomere byo kubagwa bisukuye kandi byumye
• Kwitabira gahunda zose zo gukurikirana
• Kuguma ufite amazi ahagije no kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri
• Kureba ibimenyetso by’ingorane nko kuribwa cyangwa ububabare bwinshi

Urusyo rwawe rwasigaye ruzagenda rufata akazi k'urusyo rwombi, uru rugendo rushobora gufata amezi menshi. Muri iki gihe, ni ngombwa kurengera ubuzima bw'urusyo rwawe ukoresha amazi menshi, kurya indyo yuzuye, no kwirinda imiti ishobora kwangiza urusyo rwawe.

Ni iki cyiza gishobora kuvuka nyuma yo gukuraho urusyo?

Ibyiza bishobora kuvuka nyuma yo gukuraho urusyo ni ugukira neza nta ngorane no kubaho neza ufite urusyo rumwe. Abantu benshi bagera kuri iyi ntego bakabaho ubuzima busanzwe, buzima bwiza.

Kugera ku ntsinzi nyuma yo gukuraho urusyo bisobanura ibintu bitandukanye bitewe n'impamvu wakoze ubu buryo. Niba warwaye kanseri, intsinzi irimo gukuraho burundu igituntu nta mpamvu yo gukoresha indi miti. Ku zindi ndwara, intsinzi isobanura gukurwaho kw'ibimenyetso no guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza.

Intsinzi y'igihe kirekire irimo gukomeza ubuzima bwiza bw'urusyo ukoresha ubuzima bwiza no kwivuza buri gihe. Urusyo rwawe rwasigaye rushobora gukora akazi k'urusyo rwombi, ariko ni ngombwa kururengera rutarangirika ukoresha indyo ikwiye, amazi menshi, no kwirinda ibintu bishobora kwangiza imikorere y'urusyo.

Abantu benshi basubira mu bikorwa byabo bisanzwe, harimo akazi, imyitozo ngororamubiri, n'imyidagaduro, mu mezi make nyuma yo kubagwa. Ufite ubuvuzi bukwiye, urusyo rwawe rwasigaye rugomba kugukorera neza mu myaka myinshi iri imbere.

Ni izihe mpamvu zishobora gutera ingorane nyuma yo gukuraho urusyo?

Gusobanukirwa impamvu zishobora gutera ingorane nyuma yo gukuraho urusyo bifasha wowe n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibibazo bishoboka. Nubwo gukuraho urusyo muri rusange bifite umutekano, ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira ingorane.

Imyaka n'ubuzima muri rusange ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigira uruhare mu byago byawe. Abantu bakuze n'abantu bafite indwara nyinshi bashobora guhura n'ibyago byinshi, ariko ibi ntibisobanura ko kubagwa bidafite umutekano - bisobanura gusa ko ikipe yawe y'abaganga izafata ingamba zidasanzwe.

Dore impamvu z'ingenzi z'ibyago byo kwitondera:

• Ubukure bwo hejuru (imyaka irenga 70)
• Indwara y'umutima cyangwa iy'ibihaha
• Diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso
• Umubyibuho ukabije
• Kubagwa mu nda byabayeho mbere
• Ukunywa itabi cyangwa inzoga nyinshi
• Indwara zo gupfuka kw'amaraso
• Indwara y'impyiko ihoraho mu mpyiko isigaye

Kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira ibibazo rwose - bisobanura gusa ko ikipe yawe y'abaganga izakugenzura neza kandi ifate izindi ntambwe zo kugufasha kuguma mu mutekano. Abantu benshi bafite ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago bagira nephrectomies zikagenda neza nta kibazo.

Mbese ni byiza kugira nephrectomy yuzuye cyangwa igice?

Gu hitamo hagati ya nephrectomy yuzuye n'igice biterwa n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye n'icyo gifitiye umutekano muremure w'ubuzima bwawe. Igihe bishoboka, abaganga babaga bakunda nephrectomy igice kuko ibungabunga imikorere y'impyiko nyinshi.

Nephrectomy igice akenshi niyo nziza ku gihombo gito cy'impyiko, ubwoko bumwe bw'indwara y'impyiko, cyangwa iyo ufite impyiko imwe gusa ikora. Ubu buryo bukuraho gusa igice kirwaye mugihe kibungabunga igice cyinshi gishoboka cy'impyiko nzima.

Nephrectomy yuzuye iba ngombwa iyo impyiko yose irwaye, iyo ibihombo binini cyane ku buryo bitashoboka kubikuraho igice, cyangwa iyo impyiko iteye akaga k'ubuzima kadashobora gucungwa mu bundi buryo. Umuganga ubaga azasuzuma neza uko umeze hanyuma agushyireho uburyo butanga uburinganire bwiza bw'umutekano n'imikorere.

Icyemezo kandi gitekereza imikorere y'impyiko yawe yose niba igice cy'impyiko gisigaye kizaba gihagije kugirango gikomeze ubuzima bwawe. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga izaganira kuri ibi bintu nawe kandi isobanure impamvu bagusaba uburyo runaka.

Mbese ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya nephrectomy?

Nubwo kubaga igice cy'urwagashya muri rusange bifite umutekano, kimwe n'izindi nshingano zo kubaga, bishobora kugira ingaruka. Kumva ibyo bishoboka bifasha kumenya ibimenyetso byo kwitondera no gushaka ubufasha vuba niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ingaruka nyinshi ni nto kandi zikemurwa no kuvurwa neza. Ingaruka zikomeye ni gake, cyane cyane iyo kubaga bikorwa n'abaganga b'inararibonye mu bigo by'ubuvuzi bifite ibikoresho byiza.

Dore ingaruka zishobora kuba zikwiye kwitonderwa:

• Kuva amaraso mugihe cyangwa nyuma yo kubaga
• Udukoko ahantu hakorewe kubaga
• Amavumba y'amaraso mu maguru cyangwa mu muhaha
• Gukomeretsa ibindi bice by'umubiri byegeranye mugihe cyo kubaga
• Hernia ahantu hakorewe urukonda
• Urubavu rurambye cyangwa ubuzima bwo kutumva
• Impinduka z'imikorere y'urwagashya mu rwagashya rwasigaye

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zikaba gake zishobora kuba zirimo kuva amaraso menshi bisaba guterwa amaraso, umusonga, cyangwa kunanirwa kw'urwagashya mu rwagashya rwasigaye. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizagukurikiranira hafi ibi bibazo kandi rifate ingamba ako kanya niba bibaye.

Abantu benshi cyane bakira nyuma yo kubaga urwagashya nta ngaruka zikomeye. Umuganga wawe azaganira ku bintu byawe by'umwihariko by'ibibazo kandi asobanure intambwe bafata kugirango bagabanye ibibazo bishoboka.

Kuki nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo kubaga urwagashya?

Ugomba guhamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso bibangamiye nyuma yo kubaga urwagashya. Nubwo kutumva neza ari ibisanzwe mugihe cyo gukira, ibimenyetso bimwe bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka zikeneye ubufasha bwihuse bw'ubuvuzi.

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizagena gahunda yo gusuzuma buri gihe kugirango bakurikirane imikorere yawe yo gukira no kugenzura imikorere y'urwagashya rwawe. Izi gahunda ni ngombwa kugirango zifate ibibazo bishoboka hakiri kare no kureba ubuzima bwawe burambye.

Hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ubona:

• Uburwayi bwo kuruka hejuru ya 101°F (38.3°C)
• Urubabare rukabije cyangwa rurushaho kwiyongera
• Gusohoka amaraso menshi cyangwa amazi ava mu bikomere byatewe no kubaga
• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura nk'umutuku, ubushyuhe, cyangwa uruhu rw'amazi
• Kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa kuribwa mu gituza
• Ukuboko kubyimba cyangwa kuribwa
• Isesemi n'umuriro bidashira
• Impinduka mu buryo bwo kwihagarika

Gukurikiranira hafi igihe kirekire ni ingenzi cyane. Uzakenera kujya kwa muganga buri gihe kugira ngo bagenzure imikorere y'impyiko zawe, umuvuduko w'amaraso, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Uku gusurwa bifasha kureba niba impyiko yawe isigaye ikora neza kandi ikamenya ibibazo byose mbere yuko biba bikomeye.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no gukuraho impyiko

Q.1 Ese gukuraho impyiko ni byiza ku kanseri y'impyiko?

Yego, gukuraho impyiko akenshi ni uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura kanseri y'impyiko, cyane cyane iyo kanseri yigaragambije mu mpyiko. Kubaga bikuraho bitanga amahirwe meza yo gukira mu bihe byinshi bya kanseri y'impyiko.

Ubwoko bwo gukuraho impyiko buterwa n'ubunini n'ahantu hakunda kuboneka igituntu. Gukuraho igice cy'impyiko bikundwa ku bituntu bito, mugihe kanseri nini cyangwa ikaze ishobora gusaba gukuraho impyiko yose. Umuganga wawe w'inzobere mu by'indwara z'umubiri azakorana n'umuganga ubaga kugira ngo bamenye uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n'ikibazo cyawe.

Q.2 Ese kugira impyiko imwe bitera ibibazo by'ubuzima?

Abantu benshi bafite impyiko imwe babaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza nta kibazo gikomeye cy'ubuzima. Impyiko yawe isigaye izagenda ifata akazi k'impyiko zombi kandi ishobora gukora akazi kiyongereye neza.

Ariko, ni ingenzi kurinda impyiko yawe isigaye binyuze mu guhitamo ubuzima bwiza. Ibi birimo kuguma mu mazi, kurya indyo yuzuye, gukora imyitozo buri gihe, no kwirinda ibintu bishobora kwangiza imikorere y'impyiko. Kugenzura ubuzima bwawe buri gihe bifasha gukurikirana ubuzima bw'impyiko zawe uko igihe kigenda.

Q.3 Bifatira igihe kingana iki gukira nyuma yo gukuraho impyiko?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi bwakozwe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa byoroheje mu byumweru 1 kugeza kuri 2, bagasubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe mu byumweru 4 kugeza kuri 6 nyuma yo kubagwa nephrectomy ya laparoscopic.

Ubuvuzi bwo kubaga busanzwe busaba igihe kirekire cyo gukira, akenshi ibyumweru 6 kugeza kuri 8 mbere yo gusubira mu bikorwa byose. Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye ashingiye ku buryo bwakozwe n'imikurire yawe. Ni ngombwa kutihutisha gukira kwawe no gukurikiza amabwiriza yose nyuma yo kubagwa witonze.

Q.4 Nshobora gukora imyitozo nyuma yo kubagwa nephrectomy?

Yego, rwose urashobora gukora imyitozo nyuma yo kubagwa nephrectomy, kandi gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe bifitiye akamaro ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'imikorere y'impyiko. Ariko, ugomba gutangira buhoro buhoro ukagenda wongera urwego rwawe rw'ibikorwa uko ukira.

Tangira kugenda gake gake mugihe muganga wawe abyemeye, akenshi muminsi mike nyuma yo kubagwa. Irinde kuzamura ibintu biremereye n'ibikorwa bikomeye mu byumweru 4 kugeza kuri 6. Igihe umaze gukira neza, ushobora gusubira mu bikorwa byose ukunda, harimo imikino na siporo.

Q.5 Impyiko yanjye isigaye izakura nyuma yo kubagwa nephrectomy?

Yego, impyiko yawe isigaye izagenda yiyongera mu bunini no mu mikorere kugirango yishyure impyiko yavanyweho. Ubu buryo, bwiswe compensatory hypertrophy, ni ibisanzwe kandi bifite ubuzima.

Impyiko yawe irashobora kwiyongera mu buniniho 20 kugeza kuri 40 ku ijana mu mezi menshi uko yiyongera kugirango ikore akazi kongerewe. Iyi mikurire ni ikimenyetso cyerekana ko impyiko yawe ikora neza imikorere y'impyiko zombi kandi ntigomba guhangayikisha.