Ni iki cyitwa Pacemaker? Impamvu, Uburyo bikorwamo & Ibivamo

Pacemaker ni igikoresho gito gikoresha umuriro, gifasha kugenzura umuvuduko w'umutima wawe igihe imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe idakora neza. Tekereza nk'uburyo bwo gusubiza inyuma bukora kugira ngo umutima wawe ukomeze gutera ku buryo buhoraho kandi buzima. Iki gikoresho gitangaje cyagize uruhare mu gufasha abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni kubaho ubuzima bwuzuye, bukora neza binyuze mu gushimangira ko imitima yabo ikomeza umuvuduko ukwiye.

Pacemaker ni iki?

Pacemaker ni igikoresho cy'ubuvuzi kingana na telefone ntoya igashyirwa munsi y'uruhu hafi y'igufwa ryawe ryo mu gituza. Igizwe na pulse generator (umubiri nyamukuru) na waya imwe cyangwa nyinshi zunanutse zizwi nka leads zihuza n'umutima wawe. Iki gikoresho gikurikirana umuvuduko w'umutima wawe buri gihe kandi cyohereza umuriro iyo bibaye ngombwa kugira ngo ugumane umuvuduko usanzwe w'umutima.

Pacemakers zigezweho zifite ubuhanga buhanitse kandi zishobora guhuza n'ibyo umubiri wawe ukeneye umunsi wose. Zishobora kumenya igihe uri gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kandi ukeneye umuvuduko wihuse w'umutima, hanyuma zigahinduka zigahora gake igihe uruhutse. Iki gikoresho gikora mu buryo butavugwa, bikagufasha gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi utabitekerezaho.

Kuki bakora pacemaker?

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba pacemaker niba umutima wawe utera gahoro cyane, vuba cyane, cyangwa mu buryo butajegajega bitewe n'ibibazo by'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe. Impamvu isanzwe ni bradycardia, bivuze ko umutima wawe utera munsi ya 60 ku munota. Ibi bishobora gutuma wumva unaniwe, uribwa umutwe, cyangwa ufite umwuka muke kuko umubiri wawe utabona amaraso ahagije arimo umwuka mwiza.

Indwara nyinshi z'umutima zishobora kungukirwa na therapy ya pacemaker, kandi gusobanukirwa n'ibi bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere cyinshi ku nama. Aha hari ibintu nyamukuru aho pacemaker iba ngombwa:

• Indwara ya sinus syndrome - iyo umutima wawe w'umwimerere (sinus node) udakora neza
• Heart block - iyo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bidashobora gutambuka neza mu mutima wawe
• Atrial fibrillation hamwe n'umuvuduko muto w'umutima - umutima utera nabi rimwe na rimwe ugahinduka muto cyane
• Kunanirwa k'umutima - mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ibikoresho byihariye byo gushyiraho umuvuduko w'umutima bishobora gufasha guhuza imikorere y'umutima wawe
• Ibihe byo guta ubwenge (syncope) biterwa n'umuvuduko muto w'umutima

Mu buryo butavugwa cyane, ibikoresho byo gushyiraho umuvuduko w'umutima bikoreshwa kubera indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'imiryango zigira ingaruka ku mutima cyangwa nyuma yo kubagwa umutima bishobora kuba byaragize ingaruka ku mikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima. Muganga wawe w'umutima azasuzuma neza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze kugira ngo amenye niba igikoresho cyo gushyiraho umuvuduko w'umutima ari igisubizo cyiza kuri wewe.

Ni iki gikorerwa gushyiraho igikoresho cyo gushyiraho umuvuduko w'umutima?

Gushyiraho igikoresho cyo gushyiraho umuvuduko w'umutima mubisanzwe bikorwa nk'uburyo bwo hanze, bivuze ko mubisanzwe ushobora gutaha umunsi umwe. Kubaga bifata isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri kandi bikorwa hakoreshejwe anesthesia yaho, bityo uzaba uri maso ariko wumva umeze neza. Muganga wawe azaguha kandi imiti yo kugufasha kuruhuka mugihe cyo kubagwa.

Ubu buryo bukurikiza uburyo bwo kwitonda, intambwe ku yindi abaganga bawe bakoresheje kenshi mbere. Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo kubagwa:

1. Agace kawe ko mu gituza karasukurwa kandi kakagabanyirizwa ububabare hakoreshejwe anesthesia yaho
2. Urubavu ruto (nka santimetero 5-7) rukorwa munsi y'igufwa ryawe ryo mu gituza
3. Imigozi iratambuka neza mu muyoboro w'amaraso ujyana ku mutima wawe hakoreshejwe ubuyobozi bwa X-ray
4. Icyuma gishyiraho umuvuduko w'umutima gishyirwa mu mufuka muto wakozwe munsi y'uruhu rwawe
5. Imigozi ihuza igikoresho gishyiraho umuvuduko w'umutima kandi igeragezwa kugirango hemeze imikorere ikwiye
6. Urubavu rufungwa hamwe n'imishumi cyangwa gukoresha uruvange rwo kubaga

Nyuma y'uburyo, uraruhuka amasaha make mugihe ikipe y'abaganga ikurikirana umuvuduko w'umutima wawe kandi ikareba ko byose bikora neza. Abantu benshi bumva batagira ibibazo, nubwo ushobora kumva ububabare ahantu hakomeretse iminsi mike.

Ni gute witegura kubagwa pacemaker?

Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye yo gukurikiza mbere yo gushyiraho pacemaker yawe, ariko kwitegura muri rusange biroroshye. Ubusanzwe uzakenera kwirinda kurya cyangwa kunywa amasaha 8-12 mbere y'uburyo, nubwo ushobora gufata imiti yawe isanzwe hamwe n'amazi make keretse niba ubundi wabisabwe.

Gufata intambwe nke mbere bishobora gufasha kumenya neza ko uburyo bwawe bugenda neza kandi bigabanya impungenge ushobora kuba ufite:

• Tegura umuntu uzakujyana mu rugo nyuma y'uburyo
• Wambare imyenda yoroshye, yagutse ifite buto cyangwa zip imbere
• Kura imitako yose, cyane cyane hafi y'ijosi n'igituza
• Bwira muganga wawe imiti yose, ibyongerera imbaraga, n'imiti y'ibyatsi ufata
• Menyesha ikipe yawe ibyerekeye allergie zose cyangwa ibisubizo byabayeho ku miti
• Zana urutonde rw'imiti yawe y'ubu hamwe n'abantu bo guhamagara mu gihe cy'ubutabazi

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba guhagarika imiti imwe nka ya miti ituma amaraso ataguma mu maraso iminsi mike mbere y'uburyo, ariko ntuzigere uhagarika imiti iyo ari yo yose utabiherewe amabwiriza yihariye. Niba wumva uhungabanye, ibyo ni ibisanzwe rwose, kandi ikipe yawe y'abaganga irahari kugirango igushyigikire kandi isubize ibibazo byose.

Ni gute usoma imikorere ya pacemaker yawe?

Pacemaker yawe izagenzurwa buri gihe binyuze muburyo bita interrogation cyangwa gukurikirana, bitagira ububabare kandi bitagira ubushyamirane. Muri ibi biganiro, muganga wawe akoresha igikoresho cyihariye cyitwa programmer kugirango avugane na pacemaker yawe kandi asuzume uburyo yari imeze. Ibi bikunda kuba buri mezi 3-6, bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Uburyo bwo gukurikirana butanga amakuru y'ingirakamaro ku mikorere y'umutima wawe n'imikorere ya pacemaker yawe. Muganga wawe azasuzuma ibintu by'ingenzi bitandukanye muri izo nshuro:

• Ubuzima bwa batiri n'igihe kizakoreshwa (batiri za pacemaker zikunze kumara imyaka 7-15)
• Uburyo pacemaker yakoreshejwe kenshi mu gutera umutima wawe
• Umuvuduko w'umutima wawe wa kamere n'uburyo butajegajega
• Imikorere y'intsinga n'ibipimo by'amashanyarazi
• Amakuru yose yabitswe yerekeye arrhythmias cyangwa umuvuduko w'umutima udasanzwe

Pacemakers nyinshi zigezweho zitanga kandi uburyo bwo gukurikirana hakoreshejwe kure, bivuze ko zishobora kohereza amakuru ku biro bya muganga wawe uri mu rugo. Iyi tekinoroji ituma gukurikirana bikorwa kenshi hatabayeho gusaba gusura ivuriro, bikaba biha amahoro wowe na muganga wawe.

Uburyo bwo kubana na pacemaker yawe?

Kubana na pacemaker ntibisobanura kureka ibikorwa ukunda, nubwo hari ibintu by'ingirakamaro byo kwibuka. Abantu benshi basanga iyo bamaze gukira nyuma yo gushyirwamo, bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa byabo bisanzwe. Mu by'ukuri, abantu benshi bumva bafite imbaraga kurusha mbere yo kubona pacemaker yabo kuko umutima wabo ubu ukora neza.

Hariho umurongo ngenderwaho w'ingirakamaro ugomba gukurikizwa uzagufasha kubaho neza kandi wizewe hamwe na pacemaker yawe:

• Irinde guhura igihe kirekire n'imirerere ikomeye ya magnetique (nka mashini za MRI, nubwo zimwe muri pacemaker nshya zikoresha MRI)
• Guma telefoni zigendanwa nibura santimetero 15 uvuye kuri pacemaker yawe
• Menyesha abaganga b'ubuzima kuri pacemaker yawe mbere y'uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose
• Jyana ikarita yawe y'indangamuntu ya pacemaker igihe cyose
• Irinda imikino ikorana cyane ishobora kwangiza igikoresho
• Ba maso ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano n'ibizamini by'ibyuma

Ibikoresho byinshi byo mu rugo, harimo na microwave, bifite umutekano rwose gukoresha hamwe na pacemaker. Muri rusange urashobora gutwara imodoka, kugenda, gukora imyitozo, no gukora akazi bisanzwe, nubwo muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gutegereza ibyumweru bike nyuma yo gushyirwaho mbere yo kuzamura ibintu biremereye cyangwa kuzamura ukuboko kwawe hejuru y'umutwe ku ruhande pacemaker yashyizweho.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo gukenera pacemaker?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo guteza imbere ibibazo by'umutima bishobora gusaba pacemaker, nubwo kugira ibi bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzakenera rwose. Imyaka ni ikintu cyingenzi, kuko sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'umutima ihinduka uko igihe kigenda, kandi abantu benshi bakira pacemaker bafite imyaka irenga 65.

Kumenya ibi bintu byongera ibyago birashobora kugufasha na muganga wawe gukurikirana ubuzima bw'umutima wawe neza:

• Ubukure bwinshi (ibibazo byongera cyane nyuma ya 65)
• Umutima wigeze guhagarara cyangwa indwara y'umutima
• Umubyigano w'amaraso mwinshi utagenzurwa neza
• Uburwayi bwa diyabete, cyane cyane niba isukari yo mu maraso yagoye kugenzura
• Amateka y'umuryango y'indwara z'umutima
• Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima
• Kugira ibibazo byo guhumeka cyangwa izindi ndwara zo guhumeka
• Indwara z'umushyukwe

Abantu bamwe bavukana ibibazo bigira ingaruka ku sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wabo, mu gihe abandi bagira ibibazo nyuma y'ubuzima kubera kwangirika, indwara, cyangwa izindi ndwara. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibyinshi muri ibi bintu byongera ibyago bishobora gucungwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubaho buzima bwiza no kwitabwaho kwa muganga.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka zo gushyirwaho kwa pacemaker?

Mugihe gushyiraho pacemaker muri rusange bifite umutekano mwinshi, kimwe n'izindi nzira zose z'ubuvuzi, bifite ibibazo bishobora kuvuka. Ibibazo bikomeye ni bike, bibaho munsi ya 1% by'inzira zikorwa, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya icyo ugomba kwitaho. Abantu benshi bagira ingaruka nto, z'igihe gito zikemuka vuba iyo biteweho.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho mubisanzwe ni bito kandi byoroshye kuvura, mugihe ibibazo bikomeye bidakunze kubaho:

• Udukoko ahantu hakorewe icyo gikorwa (bibaho muri 1-2% by'ibihe)
• Amara cyangwa gukomeretsa hafi y'aho pacemaker iri
• Kuvaho kw'umugozi (insinga yimuka ku mwanya wayo wagenewe)
• Kugira allergie ku miti cyangwa ibikoresho byakoreshejwe
• Icyuma cyahagaze gukora (pneumothorax) - ni gake cyane ariko bisaba kwitabwaho ako kanya
• Amaraso cyangwa kwangiza imitsi y'amaraso
• Pacemaker idakora neza cyangwa ibibazo by'amashanyarazi

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagukurikiranira hafi mugihe cyose no nyuma y'igikorwa kugirango bamenye ibibazo bishobora kuvuka hakiri kare. Ibibazo byinshi, niba bibayeho, birashobora kuvurwa neza nta ngaruka zirambye ku buzima bwawe cyangwa imikorere ya pacemaker yawe.

Ni ryari ngomba kubona umuganga kubera ibibazo bya pacemaker?

Mugihe abantu benshi bafite pacemaker babaho nta kibazo, hari ibimenyetso bimwe bigomba gutuma uvugisha umuganga wawe ako kanya. Izi mpungenge zirashobora kugaragaza ikibazo kuri pacemaker yawe, umuvuduko w'umutima wawe, cyangwa uburyo bwo gukira nyuma yo gushyirwaho.

Ni ngombwa gushaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi niba ubona kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, kuko gufatira mu gihe gishobora gukumira ibibazo bikomeye:

• Kuribwa umutwe, kuvunika, cyangwa kwegera kuvunika
• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa guhumeka nabi bidasanzwe
• Ukubura, gutukura, cyangwa umwanda ahantu hakorewe iseswa
• Urubanza cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwandura
• Kwigana bidahagarara (bishobora kwerekana ko umuyoboro wimuwe)
• Kumva nk'umutima wawe urimo kwiruka cyangwa gutera nabi
• Guhinda umushyitsi mu gituza, ukuboko, cyangwa urugingo rw'umubiri rwo hagati
• Kunanirwa cyane cyangwa intege nke

Ntugatinye guhamagara muganga wawe niba hari ikintu kitameze neza, kabone niyo utazi neza niba bifitanye isano na pacemaker yawe. Itsinda ryawe ryo kwita ku buzima ryifuza kukureba bitari ngombwa kuruta uko ryabura ikintu cy'ingenzi. Wibuke, bari aho kugirango bagushyigikire mu rugendo rwawe rwa pacemaker.

Ibikunze kubazwa kuri pacemaker

Q1: Ese pacemaker ni nziza ku mutima wananiwe?

Yego, ubwoko bumwe bwa pacemaker bushobora gufasha cyane abantu bafite umutima wananiwe. Ubwoko bwihariye bwitwa cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) pacemaker, cyangwa biventricular pacemaker, ishobora gufasha guhuza imikorere y'ibice by'umutima wawe. Ibi birashobora kunoza imikorere y'umutima wawe no kugabanya ibimenyetso nk'uguhumeka nabi no kunanirwa.

Ariko, si buri wese ufite umutima wananiwe ukeneye pacemaker. Muganga wawe azasuzuma ubwoko bwihariye bw'umutima wawe wananiwe, ibimenyetso byawe, n'uko umutima wawe ukora neza kugirango amenye niba ubu buvuzi bwagufitiye akamaro.

Q2: Ese umuvuduko muto w'umutima buri gihe ukeneye pacemaker?

Ntibiba ngombwa. Umuvuduko muto w'umutima (bradycardia) ukeneye pacemaker gusa niba bitera ibimenyetso cyangwa ibibazo by'ubuzima. Abantu bamwe basanzwe bafite umuvuduko muto w'umutima, cyane cyane abakinnyi, kandi bumva bameze neza rwose. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni niba umuvuduko wawe muto w'umutima utuma umubiri wawe utabona umwuka wa oxygen n'intungamubiri ukeneye.

Umuganga wawe azareba ibimenyetso byawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'uko umutima utera gahoro bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi mbere yo kugusaba gushyirwaho pacemaker. Rimwe na rimwe, guhindura imiti cyangwa kuvura indwara zishingiye ku kibazo birashobora gukemura ikibazo hatabayeho gukenera igikoresho.

Q3: Nshobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mfite pacemaker?

Rwose! Mubyukuri, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe birashishikarizwa kandi bifitiye akamaro abantu bafite pacemaker. Pacemaker yawe yagenewe guhuza n'urwego rwawe rw'ibikorwa, yongera umuvuduko w'umutima wawe igihe uri gukora imirimo kandi ikawugabanya igihe uruhutse. Abantu benshi basanga bashobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri neza nyuma yo kubona pacemaker kuko umutima wabo ugumana umuvuduko uhamye.

Umuganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye igihe ushobora gusubukura gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nyuma yo gushyirwaho n'ubwoko bw'ibikorwa bikugirira akamaro. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira muri gahunda yabo isanzwe yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mu byumweru bike, nubwo imikino ikorana cyane ishobora gukenera kwirindwa.

Q4: Batterie ya pacemaker imara igihe kingana iki?

Batterie za pacemaker zigezweho zisanzwe zimara hagati yimyaka 7 na 15, bitewe n'uburyo pacemaker yawe ikeneye gufasha umutima wawe gutera n'ubwoko bwihariye bw'igikoresho ufite. Niba umuvuduko w'umutima wawe utera cyane kandi pacemaker yawe ikora kenshi, batterie ntishobora kumara igihe kirekire nk'umuntu ufite pacemaker ikora rimwe na rimwe.

Umuganga wawe azagenzura ubuzima bwa batterie yawe mugihe cyo kugenzura buri gihe kandi azategura gusimbuza mbere yuko batterie igabanuka. Uburyo bwo gusimbuza mubisanzwe buroroshye kuruta gushyirwaho k'umwimerere kuko insinga akenshi zitagomba guhindurwa.

Q5: Nzashobora kumva pacemaker yanjye ikora?

Abantu benshi ntibumva ko imashini yabo ikora neza iyo bamaze kuyimenyera. Ushobora kubona akantu gato kari munsi y'uruhu aho igikoresho kiri, cyane cyane niba unanutse, ariko imbaraga z'amashanyarazi ni nto cyane ku buryo utabasha kuzumva. Abantu bamwe bavuga ko bumva bafite imbaraga nyinshi kandi batagira umunaniro kuko imitima yabo ikora neza.

Mu byumweru bike bya mbere nyuma yo gushyirwaho, ushobora kumenya igikoresho neza uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza kandi igikomere kigakira. Niba wumva ibintu bidasanzwe nk'imitsi itera cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi bitahagarara, hamagara muganga wawe, kuko ibi bishobora kwerekana ko igikoresho kigomba guhindurwa.