Ni iki cyitwa gushyirwa mu mubiri urugingo rwa pankire? Impamvu, uburyo bikorwa & Gukira

Gushyirwa mu mubiri urugingo rwa pankire ni uburyo bwo kubaga aho pankire nzima iturutse ku muntu wayitanze isimbura pankire yawe yangiritse cyangwa irwaye. Iyi operasiyo ihindura ubuzima irashobora kugarura ubushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukora insuline mu buryo busanzwe no gukora ibiryo neza. Nubwo ari uburyo bugoye, bitanga icyizere ku bantu bafite diyabete ikomeye cyangwa ibibazo bya pankire batabonye ubufasha bwo kuvurwa bundi.

Ni iki cyitwa gushyirwa mu mubiri urugingo rwa pankire?

Gushyirwa mu mubiri urugingo rwa pankire bikubiyemo gukuraho pankire yawe irwaye mu buryo bwo kubaga no kuyisimbuza pankire nzima iturutse ku muntu wapfuye wayitanze. Pankire nshya ifata imirimo y'ingenzi pankire yawe y'umwimerere itagishobora gukora neza.

Pankire yawe ikora imirimo ibiri y'ingenzi mu mubiri wawe. Ikora insuline kugirango igenzure urugero rw'isukari mu maraso kandi ikore enzyme zo gutunganya ibiryo. Iyo pankire yawe inanirwa, iyi mirimo y'ingenzi irahungabana, bigatuma habaho ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima.

Gushyirwa mu mubiri urugingo rwa pankire kenshi bikorwa hamwe no gushyirwa mu mubiri urugingo rw'impyiko, byitwa gushyirwa mu mubiri urugingo rwa pankire n'impyiko (SPK). Ubu buryo buhuriweho ni rusange kuko diyabete akenshi yangiza izo ngingo zombi uko igihe kigenda.

Kuki gushyirwa mu mubiri urugingo rwa pankire bikorwa?

Gushyirwa mu mubiri urugingo rwa pankire ahanini bikorwa kugirango bivure diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 yagize ingorane zo kuyobora hamwe na terapiya ya insuline. Iyi operasiyo itanga amahirwe yo kubaho hatabayeho guterwa insuline buri munsi no kugera ku kugenzura neza isukari mu maraso.

Ubu buryo busanzwe butangwa iyo ufite ingorane zikomeye zituruka kuri diyabete zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho yawe. Izi ngorane akenshi zikubiyemo ibihe byinshi byo kugabanuka cyane k'isukari mu maraso (hypoglycemia) utashobora kumenya cyangwa kugenzura hamwe n'ubuvuzi busanzwe.

Ushobora kandi kuba ukwiriye niba urwaye indwara ya diyabete y’impyiko isaba kwimurwa ry’impyiko. Muri ibyo bihe, kwakira izo ngingo zombi icyarimwe bishobora gutanga ibisubizo byiza by’igihe kirekire kurusha gukoresha insuline mu kuvura diyabete mu gihe urimo guhangana n’impyiko nshya.

Mu buryo butajegajega, kwimurwa kwa pankere bikorwa ku bantu barwaye pankreatite ihoraho cyangwa kanseri ya pankere, nubwo ibyo bihe bisaba isuzuma ryitondewe ry’ibibazo n’inyungu.

Ni iki gikorerwa kwimurwa rya pankere?

Kubagwa kwimurwa rya pankere mubisanzwe bifata amasaha 3 kugeza kuri 6 kandi bikorwa hakoreshejwe anesthesia rusange. Umuganga wawe ubaga azakora icyuho mu nda yawe kugira ngo agere ahantu pankere nshya izashyirwa.

Bitandukanye no kwimurwa kw’ingingo nyinshi, pankere yawe y’umwimerere mubisanzwe iguma ahantu mu gihe cy’igikorwa. Pankere yatanzwe ishyirwa mu nda yawe yo hepfo kandi ihuzwa n’imitsi y’amaraso iri hafi kugira ngo yemeze imikorere myiza y’amaraso mu ngingo nshya.

Urubaga rero ruhuza pankere yatanzwe n’urura rwawe ruto kugira ngo enzymes yo mu igogora ikora ishobore gutembera neza. Niba kandi wakira kwimurwa ry’impyiko, ibikorwa byombi mubisanzwe bikorwa mu gihe kimwe cyo kubaga.

Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rigukurikirana cyane mu gihe cyo kubaga, rigenzura uko amaraso atembera mu ngingo nshya kandi rikamena ko imikoranire yose ifite umutekano. Kubaga bisaba uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ibibazo no kunoza amahirwe yo gukora neza kw’ingingo.

Ni gute witegura kwimurwa rya pankere yawe?

Kwitegura kwimurwa rya pankere bikubiyemo isuzuma ry’ubuvuzi rwagutse kugira ngo wemeze ko ufite ubuzima bwiza buhagije bwo kubagwa. Itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi rizakora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo bigaragaze umutima wawe, ibihaha, impyiko, n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Bizaba ngombwa ko urangiza isuzuma ryo mu mutwe kandi ukerekana ubushobozi bwo gukurikiza imiti ivura indwara zikomeye. Ibi bikubiyemo kwerekana ko ushobora gufata imiti buri gihe, kwitabira gahunda zisanzwe zo kwa muganga, no gukora impinduka zikenewe mu mibereho yawe.

Kutegurwa kwawe bishobora gukubiyemo guhabwa inkingo zigezweho, kuko uzanywa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa nyuma yo kubagwa ishobora gutuma wibasirwa n'indwara. Uzakorana kandi n'abahanga mu by'imirire n'abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza kugira ngo wemeze ko ufite uburyo bufasha bukwiye.

Kutegurwa mu buryo bw'umubiri akenshi bikubiyemo kunoza ubuzima bwawe muri rusange binyuze mu gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, imirire ikwiye, no gucunga izindi ndwara zose ushobora kuba ufite. Itsinda ryawe rizatanga amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye imiti yo guhagarika cyangwa gukomeza mbere yo kubagwa.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byo kwimurira urwagashya?

Intsinzi nyuma yo kwimurira urwagashya ipimwa n'ubushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukora insuline mu buryo busanzwe no gukomeza urugero rusanzwe rw'isukari mu maraso. Abaganga bawe bazagenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe buri gihe kugira ngo bamenye niba urwagashya rushya rukora neza.

Uzanyuzwamo ibizamini by'amaraso kenshi kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso byo kwangwa kw'urugingo, aho ubudahangarwa bwawe butera urwagashya rwakozwe. Ibi bizamini bipima ibimenyetso byihariye byerekana uburyo umubiri wawe wakiriye urugingo rushya.

Urugero rwawe rwa C-peptide ruzagenzurwa nk'ikimenyetso cyo gukora insuline kuva mu rwagashya rwakozwe. Urugero rwa C-peptide ruzamuka rutanga igitekerezo ko urwagashya rushya rukora neza, mugihe urugero rugabanuka rushobora kugaragaza ibibazo.

Isuzuma risanzwe ryo mu mashusho nk'ibizamini bya ultrasound cyangwa CT bifasha itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga kugaragaza urwagashya rwakozwe no kureba ibibazo nk'amaraso yiziritse cyangwa amazi yegeranye hafi y'urugingo.

Ni gute wakomeza kwimurira urwagashya rwawe?

Gukomeza kwita ku gihaha cyawe cyatewe bisaba ubuzima bwose kwitanga ku miti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kugira ngo wirinde ko umubiri wawe wanena urugingo rushya. Iyi miti igomba gufatwa neza nk'uko yategetswe, mu gihe kimwe buri munsi.

Uzaba ukeneye gahunda zisanzwe zo gukurikiranwa n'ikipe yawe y'abatewe, cyane cyane gusura kenshi mu mwaka wa mbere nyuma yo kubagwa. Izi gahunda zifasha abaganga bawe gukurikirana imikorere y'urugingo no guhindura imiti uko bikwiye.

Kwirinda indwara birahinduka ibintu by'ingenzi kuko imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ituma ubudahangarwa bwawe bugabanuka. Ibi bisobanura gukora isuku neza, kwirinda ahantu hari abantu benshi igihe bishoboka, no kuguma ku murongo w'inkingo ziteganijwe.

Gukomeza ubuzima bwiza binyuze mu mirire myiza, imyitozo ngororamubiri ya buri gihe, no kwirinda itabi n'inzoga nyinshi bishyigikira ubuzima bwawe muri rusange no gutsinda kw'iterwa. Ikipe yawe izatanga amabwiriza yihariye yagenewe uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo byatewe igihaha?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo nyuma yo guterwa igihaha. Imyaka igira uruhare runini, kuko abakiri bato bashobora kugira ingorane zo koroherwa no kubagwa no gucunga uburyo bwo kwita ku byatewe.

Indwara zisanzwe zishobora kugorana gukira kwawe n'ibisubizo by'igihe kirekire. Indwara z'umutima, ibibazo by'ibihaha, cyangwa izindi ngingo zidakora neza bishobora kongera ibyago byo kubagwa no kugira ingaruka ku gukira.

Uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze mbere yo guterwa bigira uruhare runini ku gutsinda kwawe. Imirire mibi, umubyibuho ukabije, cyangwa diyabete itagenzurwa neza bishobora gutuma kubagwa bigorana kandi gukira bikagorana.

Ibintu by'imibereho nk'ukubura ubufasha bw'umuryango, imbogamizi z'imari, cyangwa ingorane zo kubona ubuvuzi na byo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gukomeza kwita ku byatewe neza no gukurikiza imiti.

Ni byiza guterwa igihaha cyangwa gukomeza kuvura insuline?

Ukwihitiramo hagati yo gushyiraho urugingo rwa pancreas no gukomeza kuvurwa na insuline biterwa n'uko ubuzima bwawe bwite bumeze n'ubuzima bwiza ufite mu gihe uvura diyabete ubu. Gushyiraho urugingo rutanga amahirwe yo kutongera gukoresha insuline ariko bikaba bifite ibyago bikomeye byo kubagwa no gukoresha imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ubuzima bwose.

Ku bantu bafite diyabete ifashwe neza bashobora kwifashisha insuline mu kuvura indwara yabo, gukomeza ubuvuzi buriho birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza. Ibyuma bigenzura insuline bya none n'ibipima isukari mu maraso bihoraho byatumye kuvura diyabete birushaho kuba byiza kandi byoroshye.

Ariko, niba uhura n'ibihe byo kugabanuka cyane k'isukari mu maraso, utabasha kumenya ko isukari yagabanutse, cyangwa ukaba ufite ibibazo bya diyabete bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe, gushyiraho urugingo rushobora gutanga inyungu zikomeye nubwo hari ibyago.

Icyemezo kandi giterwa niba ukeneye gushyirwaho urugingo rw'impyiko kubera indwara ya diyabete y'impyiko. Muri ibyo bihe, kwakira byombi icyarimwe akenshi bitanga ibisubizo byiza kuruta kuvura diyabete na insuline mu gihe uhanganye n'ibibazo byo gushyirwaho urugingo rw'impyiko.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no gushyiraho urugingo rwa pancreas?

Ibibazo byo gushyiraho urugingo rwa pancreas bishobora kuba bikomeye kandi bigasaba ubuvuzi bwihuse. Kumva ibyo byago bifasha kumenya ibimenyetso byo kwitonda no gushaka ubuvuzi bukwiye igihe bibaye ngombwa.

Dore ibibazo nyamukuru ugomba kumenya:

• Kwanga urugingo, aho umubiri wawe w’ubwirinzi wibasira urwagashya rwahinzwe
• Ingorane ziterwa n’ububaga zirimo kuva amaraso, amaraso avurirana, cyangwa indwara yandurira aho babagiye
• Uruwagashya rutemba, aho imisemburo itungura ibiryo iva mu mitsi y’ububaga
• Thrombosis, cyangwa amaraso avurirana akoroka mu miyoboro ijyana n’urwagashya rushya
• Ibyago byiyongera byo kurwara indwara zandura bitewe n’imiti igabanya ubwirinzi bw’umubiri
• Uburyo bwo kurwara kanseri zimwe na zimwe uko igihe kigenda gihita
• Ingorane z’umutima n’imitsi ziterwa n’imiti igabanya ubwirinzi bw’umubiri
• Ibibazo by’impyiko, cyane cyane niba utarahabwa impyiko yashyizweho

Ingorane nyinshi zirashobora gukemurwa iyo zamenyekanye hakiri kare, ni yo mpamvu gukurikiranwa buri gihe n’ubuvuzi buhoraho ari iby’ingenzi cyane. Itsinda ryaguhaye urugingo rizagusobanurira ibimenyetso byo kwitondera n’igihe cyo kwihutira kwivuza.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga nyuma yo guhabwa urwagashya?

Ugomba guhita uvugana n’itsinda ryaguhaye urugingo ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ingorane. Ibi birimo umuriro, kuribwa mu nda, isesemi, kuruka, cyangwa impinduka zidasanzwe mu rugero rw’isukari mu maraso.

Ibyerekana indwara yandura byose bisaba isuzuma ryihuse ry’ubuvuzi, nk’umunaniro udasanzwe, guhinda umushyitsi, inkorora ihoraho, cyangwa kuribwa igihe cyo kwihagarika. Kubera ko ubwirinzi bwawe bw’umubiri bugabanijwe, indwara zandura zirashobora gufata umurego vuba.

Impinduka mu gice cy’ububaga, nk’ukwiyongera kw’itukura, kubyimba, gushyuha, cyangwa kuvamo amazi, bigomba kumenyeshwa itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi ako kanya. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza indwara yandurira aho babagiye cyangwa izindi ngorane.

Ugomba kandi kwihutira kwivuza niba wumva kuribwa mu gituza, guhumeka bigoranye, kuribwa cyane mu mutwe, cyangwa impinduka mu mbono, kuko ibi bishobora kugaragaza ingorane zikomeye z’umutima n’imitsi cyangwa imitsi yo mu bwonko.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no guhinga urwagashya

Q1: Ese guhinga urwagashya ni byiza ku bantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2?

Guhindura urugingo rw'umwijima ntibigirwa kenshi ku bantu bafite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Iyi nzira ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku bantu bafite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 bafite ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa bagorwa no kuvura indwara yabo bakoresheje imiti ya insuline.

Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ikubiyemo kurwanya insuline aho kuba kubura burundu insuline, bityo gusimbuza umwijima ntibivura ikibazo cy'ibanze. Abantu benshi bafite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bashobora kuvura indwara yabo neza bakoresheje imiti, guhindura imibereho, rimwe na rimwe bagakoresha insuline.

Q2: Ese guhindura urugingo rw'umwijima birakiza diyabete burundu?

Guhindura urugingo rw'umwijima bishobora gutuma diyabete ikira igihe kirekire, ariko ntibisobanura ko bikiza burundu. Abantu benshi bakira insuline mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi cyangwa imyaka mirongo, ariko umwijima wahinduwe ushobora kuzananirwa cyangwa ugakeneye gusimburwa.

Uburyo bwo gukira burashimishije, aho hafi 85% by'abantu bakira insuline nyuma y'umwaka umwe bavuwe. Ariko, uzakenera imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu buzima bwawe bwose kandi ukajya ukurikiranwa buri gihe kugira ngo urugingo rwahinduwe rukore neza.

Q3: Utegereza igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uhindure urugingo rw'umwijima?

Igihe cyo gutegereza guhindura urugingo rw'umwijima gitandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe, ubunini bw'umubiri wawe, n'aho uherereye. Igihe cyo gutegereza kigera ku mezi make kugeza ku myaka ibiri cyangwa irenga.

Uko uhagaze ku rutonde rw'abategereje biterwa n'ibintu nk'igihe umaze kuri urwo rutonde, uburyo bwihutirwa bwo kuvurwa, n'uburyo bujyanye n'urugingo rutanzwe. Itsinda ryawe ryo kuvura rizakomeza kukumenyesha uko uhagaze n'igihe cyitezwe cyo gutegereza.

Q4: Ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe nyuma yo guhindura urugingo rw'umwijima?

Abantu benshi babaho ubuzima bwuzuye, bukora nyuma yo guhindura urugingo rw'umwijima, nubwo hariho impinduka zimwe na zimwe zikenewe. Uzakenera gufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buri munsi kandi ukajya mu biganiro by'ubuvuzi buri gihe mu buzima bwawe bwose.

Abenshi mu bahawe iyi ngingo barashobora gusubira mu kazi, kugenda, gukora imyitozo, no kwishimira ibikorwa bakunda. Ariko, uzakenera kwitonda cyane ku bijyanye n'indwara no gukurikiza amabwiriza yihariye yo kurengera ubuzima bwawe n'imikorere y'iyi ngingo yatewe.

Q5: Ni iki kigenda neza ku bijyanye no guterwa urwagashya?

Ubusanzwe, iterwa ry'urwagashya rigenda neza, cyane cyane iyo rikoranywe no guterwa impyiko. Ugereranije, abantu babaho umwaka umwe nyuma yo guterwa urwagashya barenga 95%, kandi hafi 85% bagera ku buzima butagendera ku nshinge za insuline mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe.

Kugira ngo bigende neza mu gihe kirekire biterwa n'ibintu byinshi birimo ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, ukurikiza imiti, n'ubuvuzi buhoraho. Ugereranije, abantu babaho imyaka itanu nyuma yo guterwa urwagashya bagera kuri 85-90% ku bantu benshi bahawe urwagashya.