Ni iki cyitwa Pap Smear? Impamvu, Uburyo bikorwamo & Ibivamo

Pap smear ni isuzuma ryoroshye rikoreshwa mu kureba impinduka mu turemangingo twa nyababyeyi yawe. Nyababyeyi yawe ni igice cyo hepfo cy'igitsina cy'umugore gifungukira mu gitsina cyawe. Iri suzuma rifasha abaganga kumenya impinduka z'uturemangingo hakiri kare, mbere yuko zaba kanseri y'inkondo y'umura.

Bitekereze nk'inzira yoroheje yo kugenzura ubuzima bwa nyababyeyi yawe. Iri suzuma rifata iminota mike gusa kandi rishobora kumenya ibibazo igihe byoroshye kuvura. Abagore benshi bakenera iri suzuma buri gihe nk'igice cy'ubuvuzi bwabo busanzwe.

Ni iki cyitwa Pap smear?

Pap smear ikusanya uturemangingo dukomoka kuri nyababyeyi yawe kugira ngo barebe impinduka zidasanzwe zigaragara munsi ya mikorosikopi. Mu gihe cy'isuzuma, muganga wawe akora gusa akoresheje umwanya muto w'uturemangingo dukomoka ku gice cyo hejuru cya nyababyeyi yawe akoresheje umwanya woroshye cyangwa spatula.

Utu turemangingo noneho twoherezwa muri laboratwari aho abahanga babisuzuma kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso by'ubwandu, kubyimba, cyangwa impinduka zidasanzwe. Iri suzuma ryiswe nyuma ya Dr. George Papanicolaou, wateje imbere ubu buryo bwo gupima mu myaka ya 1940.

Icyiza cy'iri suzuma nuko rishobora kumenya ibibazo mbere yuko biba bikomeye. Uturemangingo twa nyababyeyi yawe duhinduka buhoro buhoro uko igihe gihita, kandi Pap smear ifata izi mpinduka igihe kuvura bifite akamaro kanini.

Kuki Pap smear ikorwa?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya Pap smear ni ugupima kanseri y'inkondo y'umura n'impinduka zibanza kanseri muri nyababyeyi yawe. Iri suzuma ryagabanije cyane urupfu ruturuka kuri kanseri y'inkondo y'umura kuva ryatangira gukoreshwa cyane.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba Pap smear kubera impamvu zikomeye. Reka ngusobanurire izisanzwe cyane:

• Isuzuma risanzwe ryo kumenya kanseri y'inkondo y'umura hakiri kare
• Gukurikirana impinduka zidasanzwe z'uturemangingo zagaragaye mu bizami byabanje
• Kureba niba hari ubwandu bwa papillomavirus y'abantu (HPV)
• Gusuzuma kuva cyangwa amavangingo adasanzwe
• Gukurikirana nyuma yo kuvurwa uturemangingo tudasanzwe

Inzira nyinshi zivuga ko ugomba gutangira gukoresha Pap smears ku myaka 21 ukabikomeza buri myaka itatu niba ibisubizo ari ibisanzwe. Nyuma y’imyaka 30, ushobora gukora iki kizamini buri myaka itanu niba gihujwe no gupima HPV.

Ni iki gikorerwa mu gukora Pap smear?

Uburyo bwo gukora Pap smear buroroshye kandi busanzwe bufata iminota 10 kugeza kuri 20 uhereye ku ntangiriro kugeza ku musozo. Uzaryama ku meza yo gupimiraho amaguru yawe mu bishyimbo, bisa nko gupimwa mu buryo busanzwe bw’igice cyo hasi cy’umubiri.

Muganga wawe azinjiza buhoro speculum mu gitsina cyawe kugira ngo agumane inkuta zitandukanye kugira ngo babone umura wawe neza. Speculum irashobora kumvikana ko idashimishije gato, ariko ntigomba kubabaza.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo gukusanya uturemangingo:

1. Muganga wawe ashaka umura wawe akoresheje speculum
2. Bakora buhoro uturemangingo kuva ku gice cyo hejuru cy’umura
3. Uturemangingo dushyirwa ku kirahure cyangwa mu kintu gifite amazi
4. Icyitegererezo kirandikwa kikoherezwa muri laboratori
5. Speculum ikurwaho kandi ikizamini kirarangiye

Gukusanya uturemangingo bifata amasegonda make gusa. Urashobora kumva umuvuduko muto cyangwa kumva ububabare bugufi, ariko abagore benshi babona ko byoroshye kwihanganira.

Ni gute witegura gukora Pap smear yawe?

Kwitegura gukora Pap smear yawe biroroshye, ariko igihe n'intambwe nkeya zishobora gufasha kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byizewe. Igihe cyiza cyo gutegura ikizamini cyawe ni iminsi 10 kugeza kuri 20 nyuma yumunsi wa mbere w'imihango yawe ya nyuma.

Dore intambwe zo kwitegura zoroshye zishobora kugufasha kubona ibisubizo byizewe:

• Irinde imibonano mpuzabitsina mu masaha 24 mbere yo gupimwa
• Ntukoreshe tampons, amavuta yo mu gitsina, cyangwa douches mu masaha 24 mbere
• Teganya igihe utari mu mihango niba bishoboka
• Wambare imyenda yoroshye, yoroshye gukuramo
• Fata umuti wo kugabanya ububabare utagomba kwandikwa n'abaganga niba ufite impungenge zo kutishima

Niba ufite ubwoba bw'iki gikorwa, ni ibisanzwe rwose. Tekereza kuzana inshuti kugira ngo ikugoboke cyangwa gusaba muganga wawe gusobanura buri ntambwe uko bigenda.

Uburyo bwo gusoma ibisubizo byawe bya Pap smear?

Ibisubizo byawe bya Pap smear mubisanzwe bizaboneka nyuma y'iminsi mike cyangwa icyumweru nyuma yo gukora igeragezwa. Kumva ibi bisubizo bifasha kumenya intambwe, niba hari izindi, ushobora gukenera gufata.

Ibisubizo bisanzwe bisobanura ko uturemangingo twawe tw'umura usa neza kandi nta kindi gikorwa gikenewe kugeza igihe cyo gusuzumwa kwawe guteganyijwe. Ibi nibyo biba ku bagore benshi bakora Pap smears.

Ibisubizo bidasanzwe ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri. Dore icyo ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kwerekana:

• Uturemangingo twa squamous tutamenyekanye (ASCUS) - impinduka nto z'uturemangingo zishobora kwikemurira
• Icyiciro gito cya squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) - impinduka zoroheje z'uturemangingo akenshi ziterwa na HPV
• Icyiciro cyo hejuru cya squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) - impinduka zikomeye zikeneye kuvurwa
• Uturemangingo twa glandular tutamenyekanye - uturemangingo tudasanzwe kuva imbere mu mura
• Squamous cell carcinoma cyangwa adenocarcinoma - uturemangingo twa kanseri dusaba kuvurwa ako kanya

Muganga wawe azasobanura ibisubizo byawe byihariye kandi agutere inkunga yo gukurikiranwa neza. Ibisubizo bidasanzwe byinshi bituma hakorwa ibindi bizami aho kuvurwa ako kanya.

Uburyo bwo guteza imbere ubuzima bw'umura wawe?

Nubwo udashobora kugenzura ibintu byose bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'umura, amahitamo menshi y'imibereho ashobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago byo guteza ibibazo by'umura.

Gukingirwa na HPV ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda kanseri y'umura. Urukingo rurinda ubwoko bwa HPV butera kanseri nyinshi z'umura.

Dore intambwe zifatika ushobora gufata kugira ngo ushyigikire umura wawe:

• Kora isuzuma rya Pap smear buri gihe nk'uko umuganga wawe abikugiraho inama
• Kingurwa urukingo rwa HPV niba wujuje ibisabwa
• Kora imibonano mpuzabitsina itekanye ukoresheje agakingirizo
• Gabanya umubare w'abo mukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina
• Ntugahumure itabi cyangwa ureke kurihumura niba urihumura ubu
• Gira ubudahangarwa bwiza binyuze mu mirire myiza no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri

Wibuke ko kugira isuzuma rihoraho ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi ushobora gukora. Kumenya indwara hakiri kare bituma imiti ikora neza kandi igatanga umusaruro.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira Pap smear idasanzwe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya Pap smear. Kumva ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bifasha wowe n'umuganga wawe kumenya gahunda nziza yo gupima.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyongera ibyago ni ukwandura ubwoko bw'umukororombya wa papillomavirus (HPV) ufite ibyago byinshi. Iyi ndwara ikunze kwandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina itera kanseri y'inkondo y'umura mu buryo bwinshi.

Ibindi bintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo guteza impinduka mu ngingo z'inkondo y'umura:

• Kugirana imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abantu benshi cyangwa umuntu ufite abantu benshi bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina
• Gutangira imibonano mpuzabitsina ukiri muto
• Kugira ubudahangarwa budakora neza
• Kunywa itabi
• Kugira amateka y'indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina
• Gukoresha imiti yo kuboneza urubyaro igihe kirekire
• Kuba warabyaye abana batatu cyangwa benshi
• Kuba warahuye na DES (diethylstilbestrol) mbere yo kuvuka

Kugira ibyo bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko rwose uzagira ibibazo by'inkondo y'umura. Abagore benshi bafite ibintu byongera ibyago ntibagira ibisubizo bidasanzwe, naho abagore bamwe badafite ibintu bizwi byongera ibyago barabigira.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka z'ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya Pap smear?

Ibisubizo byinshi bidasanzwe bya Pap smear ntibitera ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane iyo byamenyekanye hakiri kare binyuze mu isuzuma rihoraho. Ariko, ingingo zidasanzwe zitavuwe rimwe na rimwe zishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye.

Ikibazo gikomeye cyane ku bisubizo bidasanzwe bihoraho ni uko impinduka zishobora kuba kanseri zishobora kuzavamo kanseri y'umura. Iyi nzira isanzwe ifata imyaka myinshi, niyo mpamvu isuzuma risanzwe rigira akamaro kanini.

Ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'uturemangingo tw'umura tudasanzwe tutavuwe zirimo:

• Iterambere rivuye ku mpinduka zoroheje zikagera ku zikomeye
• Kuzamuka kwa kanseri y'umura
• Gukenera uburyo bwo kuvura burambuye
• Ingaruka zishobora kugira ku kubyara mu bihe bidasanzwe
• Kwirakwiza kanseri mu bice byegereye niba itavuwe

Inkuru nziza ni uko izi ngaruka zishobora kwirindwa cyane cyane no gusuzuma buri gihe no kwitabwaho neza. Ibisubizo byinshi bidasanzwe bikemurwa neza no kuvura byoroshye.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga kubera impungenge zerekeye Pap smear?

Ugomba kuvugana n'umuganga wawe niba ubonye ibimenyetso bidasanzwe hagati y'isuzuma ryawe risanzwe rya Pap smear cyangwa niba ufite impungenge zerekeye ibisubizo byawe.

Nubwo impinduka nyinshi zo mu mura zitera ibimenyetso, ni ngombwa kwitondera umubiri wawe no kumenyesha umuganga wawe impinduka zose.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Gusohoka amaraso mu gitsina bidasanzwe hagati y'imihango
• Gusohoka amaraso nyuma y'imibonano mpuzabitsina
• Gusohoka mu gitsina bidasanzwe bifite impumuro ikomeye
• Urubavu rubabaza rutagaragara ko rufitanye isano n'imihango yawe
• Gusohoka amaraso nyuma yo gucura
• Urubavu rubabaza mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina

Vugana kandi n'umuganga wawe niba waraburiwe isuzuma ryawe rya Pap smear cyangwa niba ufite ibibazo ku bisubizo byawe. Bashobora gufasha kumenya igihe cyiza cyo gukora isuzuma ryawe ritaha.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye na Pap smears

Q1: Ese isuzuma rya Pap smear ni ryiza mu kumenya kanseri y'intanga ngore?

Pap smear ntabwo yagenewe kumenya kanseri y'intanga ngore. Iri suzuma ryibanda cyane ku turemangingo tw'umura kandi ni ryiza cyane mu gusuzuma kanseri y'umura n'impinduka zishobora kuba kanseri.

Kanseri y'intanga ngore isaba ibizamini bitandukanye nk'ibizamini byo mu gatuza, ibizamini bya ultrasound, cyangwa ibizamini by'amaraso bipima ibimenyetso bya kanseri nk'uko CA-125. Niba ufite impungenge zerekeye kanseri y'intanga ngore, ganira n'umuganga wawe ku buryo bwo gupima.

Q2: Ese Pap smear idasanzwe buri gihe bisobanura ko mfite kanseri?

Oya, Pap smear idasanzwe ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri. Ingaruka nyinshi zidasanzwe zerekana impinduka ntoya z'uturemangingo akenshi zikemuka zonyine cyangwa zivurwa byoroshye.

Ingaruka zidasanzwe zikunze kugaragaza umubyimbirwe, indwara, cyangwa impinduka zitegura kanseri zisaba gukurikiranwa cyangwa kuvurwa. Uturemangingo twa kanseri nyakuri tuboneka mu gice gito cyane cya Pap smears idasanzwe.

Q3: Nshobora gukorerwa Pap smear inshuro zingahe?

Abagore benshi bagomba gutangira Pap smears ku myaka 21 bakomeza buri myaka itatu kugeza ku myaka 29 niba ibisubizo bisanzwe. Kuva ku myaka 30 kugeza kuri 65, urashobora gukorerwa Pap smear buri myaka itatu cyangwa buri myaka itanu niba ihujwe no gupima HPV.

Umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupimwa kenshi niba ufite ibintu byongera ibyago cyangwa amateka y'ingaruka zidasanzwe. Abagore barengeje imyaka 65 bari baragize ibizamini bisanzwe bishobora guhagarika gupimwa.

Q4: Nshobora gukorerwa Pap smear ntegereje?

Yego, Pap smears ni nziza mugihe utwite, cyane cyane mu gihembwe cya mbere n'icya kabiri. Iki kizamini ntigihungabanya umwana wawe kandi gitanga amakuru y'ingenzi y'ubuzima.

Umuganga wawe ashobora gukoresha uburyo bworoshye mugihe cyo gukora iki kizamini, kandi ushobora guhura no kuva amaraso nyuma gato kubera imikorere y'amaraso yiyongereye mugihe utwite. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi ntibitera impungenge.

Q5: Ese Pap smear izambabaza?

Abagore benshi basanga Pap smears itabaryohera kuruta uko ibababaza. Ushobora kumva umuvuduko mugihe speculum ishyizwemo no kumva ububabare bugufi mugihe cyo gukusanya uturemangingo.

Ubusanzwe ububabare buba butari bwinshi kandi bumara amasegonda make gusa. Guhumeka cyane no kuruhura imitsi yawe birashobora gufasha. Niba ufite impungenge zidasanzwe, ganira na muganga wawe ku buryo bwo koroshya ibyiyumvo.