Ni iki cyo gukora no gusimbuza umuvuduko w'umutima? Intego, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Gukora no gusimbuza umuvuduko w'umutima ni kubagwa umutima bikemura ibibazo by'umuvuduko uri hagati y'igice cy'umutima cyawe cy'iburyo n'umutsi w'umutima. Uyu muvuduko usanzwe ufunguka kandi ugasarana kugira ngo ugenzure uko amaraso atemba ava mu mutima wawe ajya mu bihaha byawe, ariko rimwe na rimwe ntibikorera neza bitewe n'ubumuga bwo kuvuka, indwara, cyangwa kwangirika uko igihe kigenda.

Iyo umuvuduko w'umutima wawe udakora neza, umutima wawe ugomba gukora cyane kugira ngo utere amaraso mu bihaha byawe kugira ngo bahumeke. Ubu buryo bushobora gusubiza uko amaraso atemba neza kandi bugafasha umutima wawe gukora neza, akenshi bikongerera ubuzima bwawe.

Ni iki cyo gukora no gusimbuza umuvuduko w'umutima?

Gukora umuvuduko w'umutima bisobanura ko umuganga ubaga akora ku muvuduko wawe usanzwe kugira ngo umufashe gukora neza. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo guhindura imiterere y'amababi y'umuvuduko, gukuraho imitsi yangiritse, cyangwa kwagura umwanya muto. Gukora akenshi bikundwa iyo bishoboka kuko ugumana imitsi yawe y'umuvuduko w'umutima.

Gusimbuza umuvuduko w'umutima bikubiyemo gukuraho umuvuduko wawe wangiritse no gushyiraho mushya. Umuvuduko usimburwa ushobora kuba wa mashini (akozwe mu bikoresho biramba) cyangwa wa biyoloji (akozwe mu nyamaswa cyangwa imitsi ya muntu). Umuganga ubaga azagusaba uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku myaka yawe, imibereho yawe, n'uburwayi bw'umutima bwihariye.

Uburyo bwombi bugamije gusubiza uko amaraso atemba neza hagati y'umutima wawe n'ibihaha byawe. Guhitamo hagati yo gukora no gusimbuza biterwa n'uko umuvuduko wawe wangiritse kandi niba ushobora gukorwa neza.

Kuki gukora no gusimbuza umuvuduko w'umutima bikorwa?

Ubu bwoko bwo kubaga bukorwa iyo umuvuduko w'umutima wawe udafunguka cyangwa ugasarana neza, bigatuma umutima wawe ukora cyane kuruta uko bikwiye. Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo ubumuga bw'umutima wavukanye, indwara zangije umuvuduko, cyangwa ingaruka zituruka ku kubagwa umutima kwabayeho mbere.

Ushobora gukenera kubagwa niba ufite ikibazo cya pulmonary stenosis, aho valve iba nto cyane kandi ikabuza amaraso kujya mu muhaha wawe. Ikindi kintu gikunze gutuma abantu babagwa ni pulmonary regurgitation, aho valve idafunga neza amaraso agasubira inyuma mu mutima wawe.

Muganga wawe akenshi azagusaba kubagwa iyo ibimenyetso nk'umwuka mubi, umunaniro, cyangwa kubabara mu gituza bitangiye kugira ingaruka ku mirimo yawe ya buri munsi. Ashobora no kubikugiraho inama niba ibizamini byerekana ko umutima wawe urimo kwaguka cyangwa ugenda ucika intege, kabone n'iyo utagaragaza ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Ni iki gikorerwa gusana no gusimbuza valve ya pulmonary?

Ubu buryo akenshi bukorerwa mu cyumba cyo kubagiramo mu bitaro hakoreshejwe anesthesia rusange, bivuze ko uzaba uryamye rwose mu gihe cyo kubagwa. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazakurikirana umutima wawe, guhumeka, n'ibindi bimenyetso by'ingenzi buri gihe mu gihe cyo kubagwa.

Ubwinshi mu kubagwa valve ya pulmonary bikorwa hakoreshejwe kubagwa umutima ufunguye, aho umuganga abaga akora urukonda mu gituza cyawe kugira ngo agere ku mutima wawe mu buryo butaziguye. Ibi nibyo bikunda kuba mu gihe cyo kubagwa:

1. Umuvuzi abaga afungura igituza cyawe anyuze mu gice cy'amagufwa yo mu gituza
2. Umutima wawe uhagarara by'agateganyo maze imashini ikora nk'umutima n'umuhaha igafata akazi ko kuzenguruka kw'amaraso
3. Valve ya pulmonary iragerwaho maze igasanwa cyangwa igasimburwa
4. Uburyo bwose bukorana burasuzumwa kugira ngo barebe niba bukora neza
5. Umutima wawe urongera ugatangira gukora maze igituza kigafungwa

Abantu bamwe bashobora kuba bakwiriye gukoreshwa uburyo butavuna cyane, nk'ugusimbuza valve ya pulmonary hakoreshejwe catheter, aho valve nshya ishyirwa mu kuguru hakoreshejwe catheter. Ubu buryo akenshi buboneka ku bantu bagiye babagwa umutima mbere kandi bujuje ibisabwa byihariye.

Ubu buryo bwose akenshi bufata amasaha 3 kugeza kuri 5, bitewe n'uburyo ikibazo cyawe kigoye ndetse n'niba hari izindi nzego z'umutima zikeneye gusanwa icyarimwe.

Ni gute witegura gusana no gusimbuza valve ya pulmonary?

Imyiteguro yawe izatangira mu byumweru byinshi mbere yo kubagwa hamwe no gukora ibizamini byinshi kugirango wemeze ko witeguye kubagwa. Ibi bikunze gukubiyemo ibizamini by'amaraso, X-ray y'igituza, electrocardiogram, n'amashusho arambuye y'umutima kugirango bifashe umuganga wawe gutegura uburyo bwiza.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizasuzuma imiti yose ukoresha ubu kandi rishobora kukubwira guhagarika imiti imwe, cyane cyane imiti igabanya amaraso, hafi icyumweru mbere yo kubagwa. Uzahura kandi n'umuganga wawe w'ibijyanye no kubaga kugirango muganire ku mateka yawe y'ubuvuzi n'ikibazo icyo aricyo cyose kijyanye no kubagwa.

Mu minsi yo gutegura kubagwa, uzakenera gukurikiza amabwiriza yihariye kugirango ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura:

• Ukarabe n'isabune irwanya mikorobe mu ijoro ryo kubagwa no mu gitondo
• Ntukarye cyangwa ngo unywe ikintu icyo aricyo cyose nyuma ya saa sita z'ijoro mbere yo kubagwa
• Utegure umuntu uzakujyana ku bitaro akaguma hamwe nawe nyuma yaho
• Paka imyenda yoroshye n'ibikoresho byawe bwite byo kumara igihe mu bitaro

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizaganira kandi icyo witegura mu gihe cyo gukira kandi ritegure serivisi zose z'ubufasha ushobora gukenera mu rugo. Iyi myiteguro ifasha kwemeza uburambe n'imikurire byoroshye.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe byo gupima umutsi w'umutima?

Mbere na nyuma yo kubagwa, abaganga bakoresha ibizamini bitandukanye kugirango barebe uko umutsi wawe w'umutima ukora neza. Echocardiogram ni ikizamini gikunze gukoreshwa, gikoresha imiraba y'amajwi kugirango habeho amashusho yimuka y'umutima wawe no gupima urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso binyuze muri valve.

Ibisubizo byawe bya echo bizerekana gradient ya valve, ipima itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko unyuze muri valve yawe. Imivuduko isanzwe y'umuvuduko akenshi iba munsi ya 25 mmHg, mugihe imivuduko irenga 50 mmHg ikunze kugaragaza ukugabanuka gukomeye gushobora gukenera kuvurwa.

Ikizamini kandi kigereranya gusubira inyuma kw'amaraso, cyangwa urugero amaraso asubira inyuma mu gice cy'umutima. Ibi bikunda kuvugwa nk'uko bitariho, bike cyane, bike, bicye, cyangwa bikabije. Muganga wawe azasobanura icyo ibi bipimo bisobanuye ku buzima bwawe bwihariye n'ubuzima bw'umutima muri rusange.

Ibindi bipimo by'ingenzi birimo ubunini n'imikorere by'igice cy'iburyo cy'umutima wawe, kuko ibibazo by'imitsi by'igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma igice cy'iburyo cy'umutima cyaguka cyangwa kigacika intege uko igihe kigenda. Muganga wawe azakurikirana ibi bipimo kugira ngo amenye igihe cyiza cyo kubagwa no gukurikirana iterambere ryawe nyuma yaho.

Ni gute wakwitaho nyuma yo kubagwa umutima?

Nyuma yo kubagwa, kwita ku buzima bwawe bikubiyemo gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe witonze no kwitabira gahunda zose zo gukurikirana. Kuzanzamuka kwawe bizagenda buhoro buhoro, abantu benshi basubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe mu byumweru 6 kugeza kuri 8, nubwo buri wese akira ku buryo bwe.

Niba wakiriye igice cy'umutima gikora, uzakenera gufata imiti igabanya amaraso ubuzima bwawe bwose kugira ngo wirinde amaraso. Ibi bisaba ibizamini by'amaraso bya buri gihe kugira ngo byemeze ko urugero rw'imiti ruri neza. Ibice by'umutima bya biyologiya mubisanzwe ntibisaba imiti igabanya amaraso igihe kirekire.

Uzakenera kandi kugira ibizamini bya buri gihe na muganga wawe w'umutima kugira ngo akurikirane uko igice cy'umutima cyawe cyasanwe cyangwa cyasimbujwe gikora neza. Uru ruzinduko mubisanzwe rukubiyemo echocardiograms kandi rushobora kugabanuka uko igihe kigenda niba byose bigenda neza.

Kugira imibereho myiza y'umutima birashobora gufasha igice cy'umutima cyawe gishya cyangwa cyasanwe kumara igihe kirekire gishoboka. Ibi bikubiyemo kurya indyo yuzuye, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nkuko byategetswe na muganga wawe, no kwirinda itabi.

Ni iki gitera ibibazo by'imitsi y'umutima?

Ibibazo byinshi by'imitsi y'umutima biba kuva mu gihe cyo kuvuka nk'ubumuga bw'umutima bw'umuvuko, bivuze ko uvukana na byo. Ibi bibazo bibaho mugihe cyo gukura kw'uruhinja kandi ntibiterwa n'ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose ababyeyi bakoze cyangwa batakoze mugihe cyo gutwita.

Ariko, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zifitanye isano n'umutsi w'umutima mu gihe kiri imbere. Indwara z'umutima zabayeho mbere, cyane cyane umuriro wa ruharwa cyangwa endokardite, bishobora kwangiza imitsi y'umutima kandi bigahindura uko ikora uko igihe kigenda.

Abantu bagiye babagwa ku mutima mbere, cyane cyane bakiri bato, bashobora kurwara indwara zifitanye isano n'umutsi w'umutima uko bagenda bakura. Ibi bikunze kubaho ku bantu bavukanye ubumuga bw'umutima bukomeye bwasabaga kubagwa inshuro nyinshi.

Mu buryo butajegajega, indwara zimwe na zimwe zo kwa muganga nka syndrome ya carcinoid cyangwa indwara zimwe na zimwe zifitanye isano n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutsi w'umutima. Imirasire ikoreshwa mu kuvura mu gatuza rimwe na rimwe ishobora kwangiza imitsi y'umutima nyuma y'imyaka myinshi ivuwe.

Ese ni byiza gukora isanwa cyangwa gusimbuza umutsi w'umutima?

Gusana muri rusange birahabwa agaciro iyo bishoboka kuko ugumana imitsi yawe y'umutima, ikunze kumara igihe kirekire kandi igakora mu buryo busanzwe kurusha imitsi y'umutima y'ubukorano. Imitsi y'umutima yasanywe kandi ntisaba imiti ifasha amaraso gukama mu gihe kirekire mu bihe byinshi.

Ariko, gusana ntibishoboka buri gihe iyo umutsi w'umutima wangiritse cyane cyangwa utameze neza. Muri ibyo bihe, gusimbuza birakenewe kugira ngo umutima ukore neza. Umuganga ubaga azasuzuma neza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze kugira ngo amenye uburyo buzagufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza mu gihe kirekire.

Icyemezo kandi gishingira ku myaka yawe, imibereho yawe, n'ibindi bintu bifitanye isano n'ubuzima. Abarwayi bakiri bato bashobora kungukirwa cyane no gusana iyo bishoboka, naho abarwayi bakuze bashobora gukora neza kimwe n'uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwabo buhagaze.

Itsinda ry'abaganga bazakubaga bazaganira ku nyungu n'ibibi bya buri buryo bushingiye ku kibazo cyawe bwite. Uburyo bwombi bufite intsinzi nziza iyo bukorwa n'abaganga babaga b'umutima bafite ubunararibonye.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'indwara zifitanye isano n'umutsi w'umutima?

Iyo ibibazo bya valve ya pulmonary bitavurwa, bishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye uko igihe kigenda. Ikibazo gikunze kubaho ni ugufungana k'umutima w'iburyo, aho uruhande rw'iburyo rw'umutima wawe rwaguka kandi rugacika intege kubera gukora cyane kugira ngo rutere amaraso muri valve idakora neza.

Ushobora kandi kugira imirimo y'umutima idasanzwe yitwa arrhythmias, ishobora gutera umutima guhinda umushyitsi, isereri, cyangwa guta ubwenge. Izi ngorane z'imiterere zibaho kuko imitsi y'umutima irananirwa kandi sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikabangamirwa.

Izindi ngorane zishobora kubaho zirimo:

• Kutihanganira imyitozo ngororamubiri no kunanirwa gukabije
• Kwirunda kw'amazi mu maguru yawe, mu nda, cyangwa mu muhaha
• Amabara y'amaraso akorera mu byumba by'umutima byagutse
• Urupfu rutunguranye rw'umutima mu bihe bidasanzwe, bikomeye

Inkuru nziza ni uko izi ngorane akenshi zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa zikavurwa hakiri kare. Gukurikiranwa buri gihe n'umuganga w'umutima wawe bifasha kumenya ibibazo hakiri kare igihe bivurwa neza.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora kubaho nyuma yo kubagwa valve ya pulmonary?

Kimwe n'ubundi bubare bukomeye, imikorere ya valve ya pulmonary ifite ibyago bimwe, nubwo ingorane zikomeye zitaba kenshi iyo zikorwa n'abaganga bafite uburambe. Ibyago byihuse birimo kuva amaraso, kwandura, no guhinduka ku bijyanye na anesthesia.

Abantu bamwe bashobora kugira imirimo y'umutima idasanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa, akenshi ikemuka umutima ukira. Hariho kandi ibyago bito byo guhagarara kw'amaraso cyangwa gutera umutima, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite izindi ngorane z'umutima cyangwa ibintu byongera ibyago.

Ingorane zirambye zirimo:

• Kwangirika kwa valve uko igihe kigenda, cyane cyane hamwe na valve ya biologique
• Amabara y'amaraso hamwe na valve ya mekaniki niba imiti ituma amaraso atavura neza
• Kwandura kwa valve y'ubukorano, yitwa endocarditis
• Gukenera kubagwa kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza

Itsinda ry’abaganga bazabiganiraho nawe mu buryo burambuye kandi bakusobanurire uko bireba uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze. Abantu benshi babaho neza nyuma yo kubagwa kandi bagaragaza iterambere riri hejuru mu bimenyetso byabo no mu mibereho yabo.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kujya kwa muganga kubera ibibazo bya valve ya pulmonary?

Ukwiriye kujya kwa muganga niba ugaragaza ibimenyetso bishobora kwerekana ibibazo bya valve ya pulmonary, cyane cyane niba ufite ubumuga bw'umutima bwamenyekanye kuva ukivuka cyangwa amateka yo kubagwa umutima. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo guhumeka bigoranye mu gihe cy'imirimo isanzwe, umunaniro udasanzwe, cyangwa kuribwa mu gituza.

Ibindi bimenyetso by'imburabuzi birimo kugwa igihumure cyangwa kwegera kugwa igihumure, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa ibikorwa bya fisik. Kubyimba amaguru, ibibero, cyangwa mu nda nabyo bishobora kwerekana ko umutima wawe utavoma neza kandi ukeneye isuzuma.

Niba ufite ikibazo kizwi cya valve ya pulmonary, ugomba kwihutira kwivuza niba ugaragaza:

• Kugorwa cyane no guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka bigoye
• Kuribwa mu gituza kudashira n'ikiruhuko
• Umutima utera mu buryo butari bwo cyangwa vuba cyane
• Ibimenyetso by'ubwandu nk'umuriro, cyane cyane niba ufite valve y'ubukorano

Abantu bafite ubumuga bw'umutima bwamenyekanye kuva bakivuka bagomba kuguma bakurikiranwa na muganga w'umutima buri gihe kabone n'iyo bumva bameze neza, kuko ibibazo bishobora kwigaragaza buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda. Kumenya no kuvura hakiri kare bitanga ibisubizo byiza.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye no gukora isuku no gusimbuza valve ya pulmonary

Q.1 Ese kubagwa valve ya pulmonary bifasha mu kwihanganira imyitozo ngororamubiri?

Yego, kubagwa valve ya pulmonary akenshi bituma umuntu yihanganira imyitozo ngororamubiri kandi bikazamura imbaraga muri rusange. Abantu benshi basanga bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa batashoboraga gukora mu myaka yashize, harimo imikino no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Nyuma yo kubagwa neza, umutima wawe ushobora kohereza amaraso mu muhaha wawe neza, bivuze ko umubiri wawe ubona umwuka wa oxygen ukeneye igihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Abantu benshi babona impinduka mu bushobozi bwabo bwo gukora imyitozo mu mezi make nyuma yo kubagwa igihe umutima wabo ukira kandi ukamenyera imikorere y'umutsi w'umutima watejwe imbere.

Q.2 Ese gusubira inyuma kw'umutsi w'umutima wo mu muhaha bitera kunanirwa k'umutima w'iburyo?

Yego, gusubira inyuma gukabije kw'umutsi w'umutima wo mu muhaha bishobora gutera kunanirwa k'umutima w'iburyo nyuma y'igihe kitari gito niba bitavuwe. Iyo umutsi w'umutima udahagaze neza, amaraso asubira inyuma mu gice cy'umutima cy'iburyo, bituma ukora cyane kandi amaherezo ukaguka kandi ukagira intege nke.

Ariko, iyi nzira isanzwe ifata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo itere imbere, kandi kubagwa akenshi birashobora gukumira cyangwa guhindura ibibazo by'umutima w'iburyo iyo bikozwe ku gihe. Ibi nibyo bituma gukurikiranwa buri gihe hamwe na echocardiograms ari ngombwa cyane ku bantu bafite gusubira inyuma kw'umutsi w'umutima wo mu muhaha.

Q.3 Ese imikorere y'umutsi w'umutima wo mu muhaha umaze igihe kingana iki?

Imikorere y'umutsi w'umutima wo mu muhaha ishingiye ku bwoko bw'umutsi w'umutima wakoreshejwe. Imitsi y'umutima ikora mu buryo bwa mekaniki ishobora kumara imyaka 20-30 cyangwa irenga, mugihe imitsi y'umutima ikora mu buryo bwa biyolojiya isanzwe imara imyaka 10-20, nubwo ibi bitandukanye cyane hagati y'abantu.

Abarwayi bakiri bato bashobora gukenera gusimburwa kw'imitima myinshi mu buzima bwabo, mugihe abarwayi bakuze bashobora gukenera gusimburwa kumwe gusa. Umuganga wawe uzaganira ku mikorere yitezwe ishingiye ku myaka yawe n'ubwoko bw'umutsi w'umutima wasabwe kubera uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Q.4 Ese nshobora kubyara nyuma yo kubagwa umutsi w'umutima wo mu muhaha?

Abagore benshi bashobora kubyara neza nyuma yo kubagwa umutsi w'umutima wo mu muhaha, nubwo gutwita bisaba gukurikiranwa neza n'umuganga w'umutima wawe n'umuganga w'indwara z'abagore. Ibintu by'ingenzi ni uburyo umutsi wawe w'umutima ukora neza n'niba ufata imiti ituma amaraso ataguma.

Niba ufite valve ya mekaniki kandi ufata imiti ituma amaraso atajama, imicungire y'imiti irushaho kugorana mugihe utwite. Itsinda ryawe ryita ku buzima rizakorana kugirango ryemeze ko wowe n'umwana wawe mukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza mugihe cyose cyo gutwita no kubyara.

Q.5 Ni ibikorwa ki ngomba kwirinda nyuma yo kubagwa valve yo mu muhogo?

Nyuma yo gukira, abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa byabo bisanzwe, harimo imyitozo yo hagati n'imikino. Ariko, niba ufite valve ya mekaniki, ugomba kwirinda ibikorwa bifite ibyago byinshi byo gukomereka bishobora gutera amaraso menshi, nk'imikino ikoranwa cyangwa ibikorwa bifite ibyago byinshi byo kugwa.

Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye ashingiye ku miterere yawe bwite n'ubwoko bwa valve. Abantu benshi batungurwa n'uko bafite imbogamizi nkeya iyo bamaze gukira neza kubagwa.