Ni iki cyitwa Ikizamini cy'Amaraso cya Rh Factor? Intego, Urwego/Uburyo & Ibisubizo

Ikizamini cy'amaraso cya Rh factor kigena niba ufite poroteyine yihariye yitwa Rh antigen ku ngirangingo zitukura z'amaraso yawe. Iki kizamini cy'amaraso cyoroshye kikubwira niba uri Rh-positive (ufite iyo poroteyine) cyangwa Rh-negative (ntuyifite). Kumenya uko uhagaze kuri Rh ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe cyo gutwita, gutera amaraso, no kwimura ingingo kuko bifasha kwirinda ingorane zikomeye.

Ni iki cyitwa Rh Factor?

Rh factor ni poroteyine yicara ku gasozi k'uturemangingo twawe dutukura tw'amaraso, nk'ikimenyetso cyerekana ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe. Niba ufite iyi poroteyine, ufatwa nk'uri Rh-positive, kandi niba utayifite, uri Rh-negative. Abantu bagera kuri 85% ni Rh-positive, mu gihe 15% ari Rh-negative.

Uko uhagaze kuri Rh urabikurana n'ababyeyi bawe kandi biguma uko byari bimeze mu buzima bwawe bwose. Bikora hamwe n'ubwoko bwawe bw'amaraso bwa ABO (A, B, AB, cyangwa O) kugira ngo uhange ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe bwuzuye, nk'O-positive cyangwa A-negative.

Rh factor yahawe izina ryayo kuva ku nkende za rhesus, aho abahanga bwa mbere bavumbuye iyi poroteyine mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi mu myaka ya 1940. Nubwo hari poroteyine nyinshi za Rh, iy'ingenzi cyane mu bijyanye n'ubuvuzi yitwa RhD.

Kuki Ikizamini cy'Amraso cya Rh Factor gikorwa?

Ikizamini cya Rh factor gikorwa kugira ngo hirindwe ibisubizo bishobora guteza ubuzima bw'akaga iyo amaraso yawe ahuye n'amaraso afite uko ahagaze kuri Rh gutandukanye. Ibi biba ingenzi cyane mu bihe by'ubuvuzi byihariye aho guhuza amaraso ari ingenzi cyane.

Mu gihe cyo gutwita, iki kizamini gifasha kumenya kutagira ubwumvikane bwa Rh hagati y'umubyeyi n'umwana. Niba uri Rh-negative kandi umwana wawe ari Rh-positive, urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rushobora kwibeshya rugatera uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura tw'umwana wawe, rukeka ko ari abanzi b'abanyamahanga.

Mbere yo guterwa amaraso, abaganga bagomba kumenya neza uko amaraso yawe ameze kuri Rh kugira ngo baguhuze n'amaraso akwiriye. Kwakira ubwoko bwa Rh butari bwo bushobora gutera uburwayi bukomeye bw'umubiri butuma utwika uturemangingo tw'amaraso twatewe.

Iri geragezwa kandi ni ngombwa mbere yo gushyira mu mubiri ingingo z'abandi bantu, mu gihe cy'imiti imwe n'imwe, no mu gihe utanga amaraso. Abantu bamwe na bamwe bakeneye iri geragezwa nk'igice cy'ubuvuzi busanzwe cyangwa mu gihe bitegura kubagwa.

Ni iki cyakorwa mu kugerageza Rh Factor?

Igeragezwa rya Rh factor ni ugukuramo amaraso byoroshye bifata iminota mike gusa. Umuganga azahanagura ahantu hato ku kuboko kwawe, akenshi hafi y'ukuguru, hanyuma ashyiremo urushinge ruto kugira ngo akureho icyitegererezo cy'amaraso.

Uzumva urumuri ruto iyo urushinge rwinjiye, bisa n'urushinge ruto. Gukusanya amaraso nyayo bifata munsi y'umunota, kandi abantu benshi babona ko byihanganirwa.

Nyuma yo gukusanya icyitegererezo, umutekinisiye azashyira igitutu ahantu hakomeretse hanyuma ashyireho agapfuko gato. Ubusanzwe urashobora gukuraho agapfuko nyuma y'amasaha make igihe amaraso make ahagaze.

Icyitegererezo cy'amaraso kijyanwa muri laboratwari aho abatekinisiye babivanga n'imiti yihariye. Niba amaraso yawe yegeranye (agglutinates) iyo avanze n'imiti irwanya Rh, uri Rh-positive. Niba nta giteranyo kibayeho, uri Rh-negative.

Ni gute witegura kugeragezwa kwawe kwa Rh Factor?

Nta gutegura byihariye ukeneye ku igeragezwa rya Rh factor. Urashobora kurya uko bisanzwe, kunywa amazi, no gufata imiti yawe isanzwe mbere yo kugeragezwa.

Jyana imyenda yoroshye ifite amaboko ashobora kuzunguruka byoroshye kugera ku gukubita. Ibi bituma birushaho korohereza umuganga kugera ku kuboko kwawe kugira ngo akureho amaraso.

Niba ufite amateka yo guta umutwe mu gihe cyo gukuramo amaraso, bimenyeshe umuganga mbere y'igihe. Barashobora kugusaba kuryama mu gihe cy'inzira kandi bakagukurikiranira nyuma kugira ngo barebe ko wumva umeze neza.

Tekereza kuzana urutonde rw'imiti yose urimo gufata, nubwo akenshi bitazagira ingaruka ku ngaruka z'ibizamini byawe bya Rh. Abantu bamwe babona ko bifasha kuguma bafite amazi ahagije mbere yo gupimisha amaraso, kuko bishobora koroshya kubona urwungano rw'amaraso.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe by'ibizamini bya Rh?

Ibisubizo byawe by'ibizamini bya Rh bizagaragaza "pozitive" cyangwa "negative" hamwe n'ubwoko bwawe bw'amaraso bwa ABO. Niba uri Rh-pozitive, bivuze ko ufite poroteyine ya Rh ku ngirangingo z'amaraso yawe, ibyo bikaba ari byo bisubizo bisanzwe.

Igisubizo cya Rh-negative kivuga ko udafite poroteyine ya Rh, ibyo bikaba bibaho ku bantu bagera kuri 15%. Nta gisubizo na kimwe kiba cyiza cyangwa kibi kurusha ikindi - ni imico itandukanye y'umurage, nk'uko kugira amaso y'umukara n'ayo ubururu.

Ubwoko bwawe bw'amaraso bwuzuye buhuza ibice byombi by'amakuru. Urugero, niba ufite ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa A kandi uri Rh-pozitive, ubwoko bwawe bw'amaraso ni A-pozitive. Niba ufite ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa O kandi uri Rh-negative, ubwoko bwawe bw'amaraso ni O-negative.

Ibisubizo akenshi biboneka mu masaha make cyangwa umunsi umwe, bitewe n'ikigo cyawe cy'ubuzima. Muganga wawe azaganira icyo ibisubizo byawe byihariye bisobanuye ku buzima bwawe, cyane cyane niba utwite cyangwa ukeneye uburyo bwo kuvurwa.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kutumvikana kwa Rh?

Kutumvikana kwa Rh ahanini bigira ingaruka ku bagore batwite iyo umubyeyi ari Rh-negative naho se ari Rh-pozitive. Ubu buryo bushobora kuvamo umwana wa Rh-pozitive, bigatuma habaho kutumvikana hagati y'umubyeyi n'umwana.

Ibyago byawe biterwa ahanini n'inkomoko y'umuryango wawe, kuko imiterere ya Rh irerwa. Abantu bakomoka mu Burayi bashobora kuba Rh-negative, mu gihe abakomoka muri Afurika, Aziya, cyangwa Abanyamerika kavukire bakunze kuba Rh-pozitive.

Ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kongera ibyago byo guteza Rh sensitization, ibyo bikaba bibaho iyo urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rurema imibiri irwanya amaraso ya Rh-pozitive:

• Inda zabayeho mbere zifite abana bafite Rh-positive
• Gukuramo inda cyangwa gukuramo inda zirimo inda za Rh-positive
• Kuvurwa amaraso hamwe n'amaraso ya Rh atajyanye
• Uburyo bwo kubaga mbere yo kuvuka nka amniocentesis
• Ubukomere bwo mu nda mugihe cyo gutwita
• Inda zidakwiriye

Inkuru nziza ni uko imiti ya none ifite uburyo bwiza bwo gukumira ibibazo bya Rh. Hamwe no gukurikiranwa neza no kuvurwa, abantu benshi bafite itandukaniro rya Rh bashobora kugira inda nziza n'uburyo bwo kuvura bwizewe.

Ese birakwiriye kugira Rh Factor yo hejuru cyangwa yo hasi?

Nta kintu nk'icyo cya "hejuru" cyangwa "hasi" Rh factor - ufite poroteyine ya Rh cyangwa ntabwo uyifite. Kuba Rh-positive cyangwa Rh-negative ni imiterere ya genetike, nk'ibara ry'amaso yawe cyangwa ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe.

Nta Rh-positive cyangwa Rh-negative iruta iyindi cyangwa ikora neza kurusha iyindi. Zombi ni impinduka zisanzwe rwose abantu babarirwa muri miliyoni bafite nta bibazo by'ubuzima.

Igihe cyonyine imiterere yawe ya Rh iba ikomeye mu by'ubuvuzi ni igihe ikoranye n'indi miterere ya Rh itandukanye y'undi muntu. Ibi ahanini bibaho mugihe cyo gutwita, kuvurwa amaraso, cyangwa kwimura ingingo.

Abantu bamwe bibaza niba kuba Rh-negative bibagira abadasanzwe cyangwa bidasanzwe. Nubwo bitamenyerewe kurusha kuba Rh-positive, ntibitanga inyungu z'ubuzima cyangwa ibibi mubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa no kutajyana kwa Rh?

Kutajyana kwa Rh bishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye, ariko ibi birashobora gukumirwa cyane no kwitabwaho neza kwa muganga. Ikibazo gikomeye kibaho mugihe cyo gutwita mugihe umubyeyi wa Rh-negative atwite umwana wa Rh-positive.

Indwara ya hemolytic y'umwana uvutse ni ingorane yambere ishobora gutezwa. Ibi bibaho iyo imibiri y'ababyeyi yambukiranya placenta igatera selile zitukura z'umwana, zikabatera guseneka vuba kurusha uko umwana ashobora kuzisimbura.

Mu gihe cyoroheje, abana bashobora kugira umuhondo, aho uruhu rwabo n'amaso bisa nk'ibihindutse umuhondo bitewe no gusenyuka kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Ibyago bikomeye bishobora gutera anemia, aho umwana adafite uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso duhagije kugira ngo twemere umwuka neza.

Ingorane zikomeye zishobora kubaho hatabayeho kuvurwa zirimo:

• Anemia ikomeye ku mwana
• Kunanirwa k'umutima bitewe n'uko umutima ukora cyane
• Ubwoko bw'ubwonko buturutse ku rwego rwo hejuru rwa bilirubin
• Kuzura kw'amazi mu bice by'umwana (hydrops fetalis)
• Gupfa kw'umwana akiri mu nda mu bihe bidasanzwe

Inkuru nziza ni uko izi ngorane zikunda kubaho cyane kubera imiti irinda. Abagore benshi bahabwa inshinge za RhoGAM mu gihe cyo gutwita, zikumira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wa nyina guteza imbere imibiri irwanya amaraso ya Rh-positive.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga kugira ngo ngerageze Rh Factor?

Ukwiye gupimisha Rh factor vuba na bwangu umaze kumenya ko utwite, byaba byiza mu gihe cyo gusura kwa mbere mbere yo kubyara. Gupima hakiri kare bituma umuganga wawe akurikirana imyaka yawe neza kandi agatanga imiti irinda niba bikenewe.

Niba uteganya gutwita kandi ntuzi uko Rh yawe imeze, ni byiza ko upimwa mbere. Iri somo rifasha wowe n'umuganga wawe kwitegura gutwita neza kuva mu ntangiriro.

Uzakeneye gupimisha Rh factor mbere yo guhabwa amaraso, kwimura urugingo, cyangwa kubagwa gukomeye aho ushobora gukenera ibicuruzwa by'amaraso. Ibitaro bikunda kubipima byikora, ariko ni byiza kumenya uko umeze mbere y'igihe.

Tekereza kubona umuganga kugira ngo upimwe Rh niba utanga amaraso buri gihe, kuko amabanki y'amaraso akeneye kumenya ubwoko bwose bw'amaraso yawe. Abantu bamwe kandi bipimisha kubera amatsiko bwite cyangwa kubera gahunda yo gutegura umuryango.

Niba waragize inda yavuyemo, gukuramo inda, cyangwa kuvira amaraso mu gihe utwite kandi uri Rh-negative, vugana na muganga wawe vuba. Ushobora gukenera guterwa urushinge rwa RhoGAM kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo bizaza.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye n'igeragezwa ry'amaraso rya Rh Factor

Q1: Ese igeragezwa ry'amaraso rya Rh factor rifasha mu kumenya indwara ziterwa n'imiryane?

Igeragezwa rya Rh factor ryerekana by'umwihariko niba ufite poroteyine ya Rh ku ngirangingo zitukura z'amaraso yawe, ariko ntirigenewe kumenya indwara ziterwa n'imiryane. Ni igeragezwa ry'amaraso gusa rigena imiterere y'amaraso yo guhabwa n'abandi no gutegura gutwita.

Nubwo imiterere yawe ya Rh yimurwa mu buryo bw'imiryane, kugira ibisubizo byiza cyangwa bibi ntibigaragaza ibibazo by'ubuzima by'imiryane. Igeragezwa rikoreshwa mu mpamvu z'ubuvuzi zijyanye n'imiterere y'amaraso aho gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma imiryane.

Q2: Ese kuba Rh-negative bitera ibibazo by'ubuzima?

Kuba Rh-negative ntibitera ibibazo by'ubuzima ubwabwo. Ni impinduka isanzwe y'imiryane abantu bagera kuri 15% bafite mu buryo busanzwe.

Igihe cyonyine imiterere ya Rh-negative iba ingenzi mu by'ubuvuzi ni iyo ihuye n'amaraso ya Rh-positive mu gihe cyo gutwita, guhabwa amaraso, cyangwa kwimurwa kw'ingingo. N'ubwo bimeze bityo, imiti ya none ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda ibibazo.

Q3: Ese imiterere yanjye ya Rh yahinduka uko imyaka igenda?

Imiterere yawe ya Rh ntihinduka na rimwe mu buzima bwawe. Uvuka ufite amaraso ya Rh-positive cyangwa Rh-negative, kandi ibi biguma uko byari kuva uvutse kugeza upfuye.

Abantu bamwe batekereza ko imiterere yabo ya Rh ishobora guhinduka bitewe n'uburwayi, imiti, cyangwa imyaka, ariko ibi ntibiba. Niba ubonye ibisubizo bitandukanye ku igeragezwa risubirwamo, bishoboka ko biterwa n'amakosa ya laboratori aho guhinduka nyakuri mu maraso yawe.

Q4: Ese ngomba kwiyiriza mbere yo gukora igeragezwa rya Rh factor?

Nta kwiyiriza bisabwa mbere yo gukora igeragezwa rya Rh factor. Urashobora kurya no kunywa ibisanzwe mbere yo gukora igeragezwa, kandi ntizagira ingaruka ku bisubizo byawe mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose.

Bitandukanye n'ibizamini bimwe byo mu maraso bipima isukari cyangwa urugero rwa kolesteroli, ikizamini cya Rh factor gipima gusa poroteyine ziri ku turemangingo twawe tw'amaraso, zitagira icyo zihindukaho bitewe n'ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa.

Q5: Ese ikizamini cya Rh factor kirababaza?

Ikizamini cya Rh factor gikoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvana amaraso, abantu benshi basobanura nk'urushinge ruto cyangwa kutumva neza. Gushyira urushinge mu mubiri bifata amasegonda make.

Ushobora kumva ububabare buke ahaciye urushinge mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, ariko ibi mubisanzwe ntibiba bikabije. Iyi nzira yose ifata iminota itarenze itanu uhereye ku ntangiriro kugeza ku musozo.