Ni iki cyitwa kubaga uruhu? Intego, uburyo & ibisubizo

Kubaga uruhu ni uburyo bworoshye bwa muganga aho muganga wawe akuraho agace gato k'uruhu kugira ngo arwongere mu mikorosikopi. Tekereza nk'uko ufata agace gato k'uruhu rwawe kugira ngo urebe neza ibiri kuba munsi y'uruhu. Ubu buryo bufasha abaganga kumenya indwara zitandukanye z'uruhu, kuva ku bituntu bisanzwe kugeza ku bibazo bikomeye, bikaguha wowe n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima ibisubizo bisobanutse ukeneye kugira ngo ukomeze wizigamye.

Ni iki cyitwa kubaga uruhu?

Kubaga uruhu bikubiyemo gukuraho agace gato k'uruhu kugira ngo hakorwe isesengura muri laboratoire. Muganga wawe akoresha uru rugero kugira ngo amenye indwara z'uruhu zitashobora kumenyekana binyuze mu isuzuma ryo kureba gusa. Ubu buryo busanzwe bukorwa mu biro bya muganga wawe kandi bifata iminota mike gusa kugirango birangire.

Hariho ubwoko butatu bwibanze bwo kubaga uruhu, buri kimwe gihitwamo hashingiwe ku cyo muganga wawe akeneye gusuzuma. Kubaga uruhu bikuraho ibice byo hejuru by'uruhu hakoreshejwe akuma gato. Kubaga uruhu hakoreshwa igikoresho cy'umuzingi kugirango gikureho igice cyimbitse, kizunguruka cy'uruhu. Kubaga uruhu bikuraho ahantu hose hakeneye kwitabwaho hamwe n'agace gato k'uruhu ruzima ruzengurutse.

Kuki kubaga uruhu bikorwa?

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kubaga uruhu iyo abonye impinduka ku ruhu rwawe zikeneye isuzuma ryimbitse. Impamvu isanzwe ni ukugenzura ibibara bidasanzwe, imikurire, cyangwa impinduka z'uruhu zishobora kugaragaza kanseri. Ariko kandi, kubaga bikoreshwa mugusuzuma indwara nyinshi zitari kanseri nka eczema, psoriasis, cyangwa indwara zidasanzwe.

Rimwe na rimwe muganga wawe ashobora gutanga igitekerezo cyo kubaga nubwo indwara y'uruhu isa neza. Ibi bifasha kwirinda indwara zikomeye kandi bituma wakira ubuvuzi bukwiye. Kubaga bitanga ikipe yawe y'ubuzima amakuru asobanutse aho kwishingikiriza ku gitekerezo cyize ku byo bigira ingaruka ku ruhu rwawe.

Muganga wawe ashobora gusaba kubaga niba ufite izi mpinduka zikurikira:

• Uduheri dushya cyangwa ibikomere biza nyuma y'imyaka 30
• Impinduka ku duheri dusanzweho, harimo ubunini, ibara, cyangwa imiterere
• Ibikomere bidakira mu byumweru bike
• Uduce tw'uruhu tudasanzwe tutitabira imiti
• Uruhu rurwara rudakira rutazwi icyo ruterwa
• Uduheri tw'uruhu duturuka amaraso, tugashinyagura, cyangwa tugatera ububabare

Wibuke ko ibizamini byinshi by'uruhu bigaragaza indwara zitari mbi. Muganga wawe arimo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo akubone ubuvuzi bwiza.

Ni iki gikorerwa mu bizamini by'uruhu?

Uburyo bwo gukora ibizamini by'uruhu buroroshye kandi busanzwe burangirira mu biro bya muganga wawe mu minota 15 kugeza kuri 30. Muganga wawe azabanza asukure neza ahantu hose hanyuma atere urushinge ruto rw'umuti wo mu gace kugira ngo rutume uruhu rutagira ubwumve. Uzasanzamo umwanya muto w'ububabare buturutse ku rushinge, ariko ahantu hose hazahita habura ubwumve mu minota mike.

Iyo ahantu hose habuze ubwumve, muganga wawe azakora ubwoko bwihariye bw'ibizamini bikenewe. Mu bizamini byo gukata, bazakoresha akuma gato kugira ngo bakureho uduce tw'uruhu two hejuru. Ibizamini byo gukata bikubiyemo gukoresha igikoresho kizunguruka gikatisha kugira ngo bakureho icyitegererezo cyimbitse. Ibizamini byo gukata bisaba gukora agace gato kugira ngo bakureho ahantu hose habangamiye.

Nyuma yo gukuraho icyitegererezo cy'uruhu, muganga wawe azagenzura amaraso yose ava hanyuma afunge igikomere niba bibaye ngombwa. Ibizamini bito bikunda gukira nta ngeso, naho ibinini bishobora gusaba ingeso nkeya. Icyitegererezo cyose gihita cyoherezwa mu laboratori aho umuhanga mu by'indwara azacyigiraho amaso akoresheje mikorosikopi.

Uzasanga amabwiriza yihariye yo kwita ku gikomere mbere yo kuva mu biro. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe ako kanya, nubwo bizaba ngombwa ko ukomeza ahantu hakorewe ibizamini hasukuye kandi humye mu minsi mike.

Ni gute witegura ibizamini by'uruhu?

Kwitegura kubagwa uruhu biroroshye kandi bisaba gutegura bike. Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye, ariko imyiteguro myinshi irimo intambwe zibanze kugirango ibikorwa bigende neza. Ntabwo ukeneye kwiyiriza cyangwa gukora impinduka zikomeye kuri gahunda yawe.

Menyesha muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata, cyane cyane imiti igabanya amaraso nka aspirine cyangwa warfarin. Barashobora kukubwira guhagarika imiti imwe igihe gito kugirango bagabanye ibyago byo kuva amaraso. Ariko, ntuzigere uhagarika imiti yategetswe na muganga wawe atabihaye uburenganzira, kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku zindi ndwara.

Dore intambwe zingenzi zo kwitegura kugenderaho:

1. Menyesha muganga wawe imiti yose n'ibyongerera imbaraga ufata
2. Vuga allergie zose ku miti ituma umubiri utagira ubwumvikane cyangwa indi miti
3. Wambare imyenda yoroshye yemerera kwinjira byoroshye ahantu hagomba kubagwa
4. Tegura uburyo bwo gutwara niba wumva uhangayitse kubera iki gikorwa
5. Irinde gushyira amavuta cyangwa ibirungo ahantu hagomba kubagwa ku munsi w'igikorwa
6. Zana urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubaza muganga wawe

Abantu benshi basanga imyiteguro irimo byinshi kurusha igikorwa nyirizina. Itsinda ryawe ryita ku buzima rishaka kumenya niba wumva umeze neza kandi ufite icyizere muri iki gikorwa.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe byo kubagwa uruhu?

Ibisubizo byawe byo kubagwa uruhu mubisanzwe bigera mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri nyuma y'igikorwa. Raporo y'umuganga w'indwara izaba irimo imvugo y'ubuvuzi irambuye, ariko muganga wawe azasobanura ibyavuye muri byo mu buryo bworoshye, bwumvikana. Raporo mu by'ukuri ikubwira ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twabonetse muri uruhu rwawe kandi niba bisa neza cyangwa bidahwitse.

Ibisubizo bisanzwe bisobanura ko icyitegererezo cy’uruhu kigaragaza uturemangingo tw’uruhu twuzuye ubuzima nta bimenyetso bya kanseri, indwara yandura, cyangwa izindi ndwara ziteye inkeke. Iki gikorwa akenshi gitera ihumure rikomeye kandi kemeza ko impinduka zo ku ruhu rwawe ari nziza. Muganga wawe ashobora gukomeza kugusaba gukurikirana ako gace cyangwa kuvura indwara iyo ari yo yose yo ku ruhu yagaragajwe.

Ibisubizo bidasanzwe ntibisobanura mu buryo bwikora ko ufite indwara ikomeye. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bidasanzwe byinshi bigaragaza indwara zivurwa nka dermatitis, indwara zandurira mu mikorobe, cyangwa imikurire myiza. Ariko, ibisubizo bimwe bishobora kugaragaza impinduka ziteye kanseri cyangwa kanseri y’uruhu, bisaba kuvurwa cyangwa gukurikiranwa.

Raporo yawe y’ubushakashatsi bushobora kuba ikubiyemo ibi bisanzwe:

• Imikurire myiza nka seborrheic keratoses cyangwa lipomas
• Indwara zifata umubiri zirimo eczema cyangwa psoriasis
• Impinduka ziteye kanseri nka actinic keratoses
• Kanseri z’uruhu zitari melanoma zirimo basal cell cyangwa squamous cell carcinoma
• Melanoma, nubwo ibi bigaragara mu gice gito cy’ubushakashatsi
• Indwara ziterwa na mikorobe, imyumbati, cyangwa izindi nyamaswa

Muganga wawe azategura gahunda yo gusubira kuganira ku bisubizo byawe neza no gusubiza ibibazo byose ushobora kuba ufite. Bazanasaba intambwe zikurikira zikwiye zishingiye ku byavuye mu bushakashatsi.

Ni gute wakwitaho ahantu hakorewe ubushakashatsi ku ruhu?

Kwita ku gice cy’ubushakashatsi ku ruhu bituma gukira kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura cyangwa gukomeretsa. Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye yo kwitaho nyuma y’ubushakashatsi, ariko byinshi bikubiyemo gukomeza ahantu hasukuye kandi harinzwe mugihe hakira. Uburyo bwo gukira akenshi bufata icyumweru kimwe kugeza kuri bitatu, bitewe n’ubunini n’ahantu ubushakashatsi bwakorewe.

Komeza ahantu hakorewe ubushakashatsi hasukuye kandi humye mu masaha 24 kugeza kuri 48 nyuma y’igikorwa. Ubusanzwe ushobora kwiyuhagira nyuma y’iki gihe, ariko irinda koga muri bati cyangwa mu mazi yo koga kugeza igihe cyose gikize. Uhanagure ahantu humye neza aho kuhasiga itapi.

Kurikiza izi ntambwe zingenzi zo kwitabwaho nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo ukire neza:

1. Umutambaro uwugumane wumutse kandi ujye uwusimbuza buri munsi cyangwa uko wabitegetswe
2. Shyiraho umuti wica mikorobe niba muganga abikugiriye inama
3. Menya ibimenyetso byo kwandura nko gutukura cyane, gushyuha, cyangwa amashyira
4. Irinde gukura ibibyimba cyangwa kwikuraho imitsi wenyine
5. Rinda ahantu izuba rigera ukoresheje imyenda cyangwa amavuta arinda izuba
6. Garuka kugira ngo imitsi ikurwe niba muganga abiteganyije

Aho bakoreye biopsy henshi hakira nta ngorane, hasigara gusa igikomere gito gihisha uko iminsi igenda. Vugana na muganga wawe niba ubonye impinduka ziteye impungenge cyangwa niba ahantu bakoreye biopsy hatagaragara ko hari gukira neza.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo gukenera biopsy y'uruhu?

Ibintu bitandukanye byongera amahirwe yo gukenera biopsy y'uruhu mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwawe. Kumva ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bifasha kuguma maso ku mpinduka z'uruhu no kugira ibizamini bya dermatologique bihoraho. Byinshi muri ibyo bintu bifitanye isano no kwishyira mu zuba no guhinduranya imiterere ya genetique.

Imyaka ni kimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago cyane, kuko impinduka z'uruhu zikunda kubaho uko tugenda dusaza. Abantu barengeje imyaka 50 bakunda kurwara ibibyimba by'uruhu biteye urujijo bisaba biopsy. Ariko, kanseri y'uruhu ishobora kubaho mu gihe icyo aricyo cyose, cyane cyane ku bantu bishyira cyane mu zuba cyangwa bafite amateka y'umuryango.

Amateka yawe bwite n'ay'umuryango bifite uruhare rukomeye mu kumenya ibyago byawe. Niba ufite amateka yawe bwite ya kanseri y'uruhu, urashobora kurwara kanseri zindi z'uruhu zisaba biopsy. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kugira abantu bo mu muryango wawe ba hafi barwaye kanseri y'uruhu byongera ibyago byawe kandi bishobora gutuma ukora ibizamini by'uruhu kenshi.

Ibi bintu bishobora kongera amahirwe yo gukenera biopsy y'uruhu:

• Uruhu rwera rworoha cyane kandi ntirwihindura ibara neza
• Amateka yo kwangirika cyane n'izuba, cyane cyane mu bwana
• Gukoresha kenshi ibikoresho byo kwihindurisha ibara ry'uruhu cyangwa kwishyira cyane mu zuba
• Umubare munini w'ibibara byo ku ruhu cyangwa ibibara bidasanzwe
• Umuterere w'umubiri w'umuntu wacitse intege bitewe n'imiti cyangwa indwara
• Kwishyira mu bimera bimwe na bimwe cyangwa imirasire
• Indwara z'uruhu zihoraho zitera umubyimbirwe uhoraho

Kugira ibi bintu bigushyira mu kaga ntibisobanura ko uzakenera gukorerwa isuzuma ry'uruhu, ariko birashimangira akamaro ko kwisuzuma uruhu buri gihe no kugenzurwa n'inzobere mu by'uruhu.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no gusuzuma uruhu?

Ingaruka ziterwa no gusuzuma uruhu ni gake, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya icyo ugomba kwitaho nyuma yo gukorerwa icyo gikorwa. Abantu benshi basuzumwe uruhu bakira nta kibazo, bagasigara bafite gusa ikimenyetso gito. Ariko, kumenya ingaruka zishobora kuvuka bifasha kumenya igihe cyo kuvugana n'umuganga wawe.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ni ukuva amaraso make ahantu hasuzumiwe, akenshi bihagarara byonyine cyangwa hamaze gushyirwaho igitutu gito. Abantu bamwe barumva bababara cyangwa batishimye, ariko ibi bikunda gukira mu minsi mike. Kubyimba no gukomeretsa ahantu hasuzumiwe nabyo ni ibisanzwe kandi bigomba gukira buhoro buhoro.

Ingaruka zikomeye zirashobora kubaho ariko ntizisanzwe iyo hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kwita ku gikomere neza. Udukoko ni ingaruka ikomeye cyane, nubwo bibaho ku bantu batarenze 1% basuzumwe uruhu. Gukira nabi kw'ibikomere cyangwa kubaho kw'ibikomere byinshi nabyo birashobora kubaho, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe cyangwa abatajya bakurikiza amabwiriza yo kwita ku gikomere.

Menya ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka:

• Uburibwe bwiyongera, umutuku, cyangwa ubushyuhe ahazengurutse ahantu hakorewe biopsy
• Ibishyimbo cyangwa umwanda udasanzwe uva mu gikomere
• Imirongo itukura iva ahantu hakorewe biopsy
• Urubavu cyangwa ibimenyetso bisa n'ibya grip nyuma yo gukorerwa icyo gikorwa
• Amara atahagarara n'igishyika gito
• Ibimenyetso byerekana ko igikomere gifunguka cyangwa kitavura neza

Vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso by'imburira. Kuvura hakiri kare ibibazo bituma habaho ibisubizo byiza kandi birinda ibibazo bikomeye.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga ku bijyanye n'ibisubizo bya biopsy y'uruhu?

Ugomba kuvugana n'umuganga wawe niba utarabona ibisubizo bya biopsy yawe mu byumweru bibiri nyuma yo gukorerwa icyo gikorwa. Nubwo ibisubizo byinshi biboneka mu minsi 7 kugeza ku 10, ibibazo bigoye bishobora gutwara igihe kirekire kugirango umuhanga mu by'indwara azabisuzume. Ibiro by'umuganga wawe bigomba kukuvugisha igihe ibisubizo bibonetse, ariko ntugatinye gukurikirana niba nta kintu wumvise.

Teganya gahunda yo gusubira kwa muganga vuba bishoboka niba ibisubizo byawe byerekana ibintu bidasanzwe. N'iyo ibiro by'umuganga wawe byaguhamagara bikubwira ibisubizo, kuganira imbonankubone bituma ubaza ibibazo kandi ugasobanukirwa neza uburyo bwo kuvurwa. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane niba ibisubizo byerekana impinduka zitaratera kanseri cyangwa kanseri y'uruhu.

Umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba izindi biopsy cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura bitewe n'ibisubizo byawe byambere. Ibyo byose bisaba gukurikiranwa uko igihe kigenda, mu gihe ibindi bisaba kuvurwa ako kanya. Wizere inama z'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima kandi ntutinde guteganya gahunda yo gusubira kwa muganga cyangwa izindi nzira.

Shaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi ako kanya niba ufite ibimenyetso biteye impungenge mu gihe utegereje ibisubizo, nk'ukwiyongera vuba kw'ahantu hakorewe biopsy, ibimenyetso bishya, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ubwandu. Ibi bihe bisaba isuzuma ryihuse hatitawe igihe ibisubizo byawe byitezwe.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye na biopsy y'uruhu

Q1: Ese ikizamini cya biopsy y'uruhu ni cyiza mu kumenya kanseri y'uruhu?

Yego, kubaga uruhu ni rwo rugero rwa mbere mu gusuzuma kanseri y'uruhu kandi ni ukuri cyane. Iyi nzira ituma abahanga mu by'indwara bashobora gusuzuma uturemangingo tw'uruhu bakoresheje mikorosikopi, bagasobanura impinduka za kanseri zitagaragara n'amaso. Ibi bituma byizerwa cyane kurusha uko wasuzuma gusa ukoresheje amaso mu kumenya kanseri y'uruhu.

Kubaga uruhu bishobora kumenya ubwoko bwose bwa kanseri y'uruhu, harimo kanseri ya selile ya basal, kanseri ya selile ya squamous, na melanoma. Igipimo cy'ukuri mu gusuzuma kanseri y'uruhu binyuze mu kubaga ni hejuru ya 95%, bituma iba uburyo bwizewe cyane buriho. N'iyo hakekwa kanseri y'uruhu, kubaga ni ngombwa kugira ngo bemeze icyo basanze kandi bamenye ubwoko bwihariye n'icyiciro cya kanseri.

Q2: Ese kubaga uruhu bituma kanseri ikwirakwira?

Oya, kubaga uruhu ntibituma kanseri ikwirakwira. Ibi ni ukutumva neza gusanzwe kubuza abantu bamwe kubona uburyo bwo gusuzuma bukenewe. Uburyo bwo kubaga ubwabwo ntibushobora gutuma uturemangingo twa kanseri twerekeza mu bindi bice by'umubiri cyangwa bigatuma kanseri iriho irushaho kuba mibi.

Ubushakashatsi mu by'ubuvuzi bwakurikiranye neza iki kibazo kandi ntibwasanze ibimenyetso byerekana ko uburyo bwo kubaga bwongera ibyago byo gukwirakwiza kanseri. Mubyukuri, kumenya kare binyuze mu kubaga bituma imiti ivura neza binyuze mu korohereza abaganga kumenya no kuvura kanseri y'uruhu mbere yuko igira amahirwe yo gukwirakwira mu buryo busanzwe. Gutinda kubaga iyo byasabwe na muganga wawe bitera ibyago byinshi kurusha uburyo ubwabwo.

Q3: Ese kubaga uruhu birababaza gute?

Abantu benshi bahura n'ububabare buke mugihe cyo kubaga uruhu kuko umuti waho ukoreshwa kugirango utume ahantu hose nta cyo yumva. Uzumva urusaku ruto mugihe urushinge rwo gutera umuti rutanzwe, bisa no guterwa urukingo. Nyuma yibyo, ntugomba kumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose mugihe cyo kubaga.

Abantu bamwe barumva batameze neza cyangwa bakagira ububabare bucye nyuma y'uko umuti ubabaza uvuyeho, ariko ibi bikunze gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe imiti igurishwa idasabye uruhushya. Urwego rw'ububabare akenshi rugereranywa no gukomereka guto cyangwa gukweshuka. Abantu benshi batangazwa n'uko iki gikorwa cyoroshye kandi bakifuza ko batari guhangayika mbere y'igihe.

Q4: Nshobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nyuma yo gukorerwa biopsy y'uruhu?

Ibikorwa byoroheje muri rusange birakunda nyuma yo gukorerwa biopsy y'uruhu, ariko ugomba kwirinda imyitozo ikomeye mu minsi mike kugira ngo byoroshye gukira neza. Kuzamura ibintu biremereye, gukora imyitozo ikomeye yo mu mutima, cyangwa ibikorwa bituma umuntu abira ibyuya byinshi bishobora kubuza umubiri gukira neza kandi bikongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso. Muganga wawe azatanga amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye ibikorwa bitewe n'aho biopsy yakorewe n'ubunini bwayo.

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe mu minsi mike, nubwo ibi biterwa n'aho biopsy yakorewe n'uburyo umubiri wawe ukira. Biopsies zikorerwa ahantu hakunze guhinduka cyangwa kurambuka bishobora gusaba ko umuntu agabanya ibikorwa byinshi. Jya ukurikiza amabwiriza yihariye ya muganga wawe aho gukurikiza amabwiriza rusange.

Q5: Ese biopsy y'uruhu izasiga igikomere cy'iteka?

Biopsies nyinshi z'uruhu zisiga igikomere gito, ariko akenshi kigenda kigabanuka cyane uko igihe gihita kikaba kitagaragara. Ubunini n'uko igikomere kigaragara biterwa n'ibintu nk'ubunini bwa biopsy, aho yakorewe, n'imiterere y'umubiri wawe wo gukira. Biopsies nto akenshi zikira zitagize ibikomere byinshi, naho biopsies nini zikurwaho zishobora gusiga ibimenyetso bigaragara cyane.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwita ku gikomere butuma umubiri ukira neza kandi bugabanya ibikomere. Gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe yo kwita ku gikomere, kurengera ahantu hakomerekeye ku zuba, no kwirinda gukura uruhu ruri gukira byose bifasha kugabanya ibikomere. Abantu benshi basanga igikomere icyo aricyo cyose gisigara ari igiciro gito cyo kugira umutima utekanye uzi ko indwara y'uruhu rwawe yamenyekanye neza.